1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * Data verification functions, i.e. hooks for ->readpages()
5 * Copyright 2019 Google LLC
8 #include "fsverity_private.h"
10 #include <crypto/hash.h>
11 #include <linux/bio.h>
12 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
14 static struct workqueue_struct *fsverity_read_workqueue;
17 * hash_at_level() - compute the location of the block's hash at the given level
19 * @params: (in) the Merkle tree parameters
20 * @dindex: (in) the index of the data block being verified
21 * @level: (in) the level of hash we want (0 is leaf level)
22 * @hindex: (out) the index of the hash block containing the wanted hash
23 * @hoffset: (out) the byte offset to the wanted hash within the hash block
25 static void hash_at_level(const struct merkle_tree_params *params,
26 pgoff_t dindex, unsigned int level, pgoff_t *hindex,
27 unsigned int *hoffset)
31 /* Offset of the hash within the level's region, in hashes */
32 position = dindex >> (level * params->log_arity);
34 /* Index of the hash block in the tree overall */
35 *hindex = params->level_start[level] + (position >> params->log_arity);
37 /* Offset of the wanted hash (in bytes) within the hash block */
38 *hoffset = (position & ((1 << params->log_arity) - 1)) <<
39 (params->log_blocksize - params->log_arity);
42 /* Extract a hash from a hash page */
43 static void extract_hash(struct page *hpage, unsigned int hoffset,
44 unsigned int hsize, u8 *out)
46 void *virt = kmap_atomic(hpage);
48 memcpy(out, virt + hoffset, hsize);
52 static inline int cmp_hashes(const struct fsverity_info *vi,
53 const u8 *want_hash, const u8 *real_hash,
54 pgoff_t index, int level)
56 const unsigned int hsize = vi->tree_params.digest_size;
58 if (memcmp(want_hash, real_hash, hsize) == 0)
61 fsverity_err(vi->inode,
62 "FILE CORRUPTED! index=%lu, level=%d, want_hash=%s:%*phN, real_hash=%s:%*phN",
64 vi->tree_params.hash_alg->name, hsize, want_hash,
65 vi->tree_params.hash_alg->name, hsize, real_hash);
70 * Verify a single data page against the file's Merkle tree.
72 * In principle, we need to verify the entire path to the root node. However,
73 * for efficiency the filesystem may cache the hash pages. Therefore we need
74 * only ascend the tree until an already-verified page is seen, as indicated by
75 * the PageChecked bit being set; then verify the path to that page.
77 * This code currently only supports the case where the verity block size is
78 * equal to PAGE_SIZE. Doing otherwise would be possible but tricky, since we
79 * wouldn't be able to use the PageChecked bit.
81 * Note that multiple processes may race to verify a hash page and mark it
82 * Checked, but it doesn't matter; the result will be the same either way.
84 * Return: true if the page is valid, else false.
86 static bool verify_page(struct inode *inode, const struct fsverity_info *vi,
87 struct ahash_request *req, struct page *data_page,
88 unsigned long level0_ra_pages)
90 const struct merkle_tree_params *params = &vi->tree_params;
91 const unsigned int hsize = params->digest_size;
92 const pgoff_t index = data_page->index;
94 u8 _want_hash[FS_VERITY_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
96 u8 real_hash[FS_VERITY_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
97 struct page *hpages[FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS];
98 unsigned int hoffsets[FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS];
101 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!PageLocked(data_page) || PageUptodate(data_page)))
104 pr_debug_ratelimited("Verifying data page %lu...\n", index);
107 * Starting at the leaf level, ascend the tree saving hash pages along
108 * the way until we find a verified hash page, indicated by PageChecked;
109 * or until we reach the root.
111 for (level = 0; level < params->num_levels; level++) {
113 unsigned int hoffset;
116 hash_at_level(params, index, level, &hindex, &hoffset);
118 pr_debug_ratelimited("Level %d: hindex=%lu, hoffset=%u\n",
119 level, hindex, hoffset);
121 hpage = inode->i_sb->s_vop->read_merkle_tree_page(inode, hindex,
122 level == 0 ? level0_ra_pages : 0);
124 err = PTR_ERR(hpage);
126 "Error %d reading Merkle tree page %lu",
131 if (PageChecked(hpage)) {
132 extract_hash(hpage, hoffset, hsize, _want_hash);
133 want_hash = _want_hash;
135 pr_debug_ratelimited("Hash page already checked, want %s:%*phN\n",
136 params->hash_alg->name,
140 pr_debug_ratelimited("Hash page not yet checked\n");
141 hpages[level] = hpage;
142 hoffsets[level] = hoffset;
145 want_hash = vi->root_hash;
146 pr_debug("Want root hash: %s:%*phN\n",
147 params->hash_alg->name, hsize, want_hash);
149 /* Descend the tree verifying hash pages */
150 for (; level > 0; level--) {
151 struct page *hpage = hpages[level - 1];
152 unsigned int hoffset = hoffsets[level - 1];
154 err = fsverity_hash_page(params, inode, req, hpage, real_hash);
157 err = cmp_hashes(vi, want_hash, real_hash, index, level - 1);
160 SetPageChecked(hpage);
161 extract_hash(hpage, hoffset, hsize, _want_hash);
162 want_hash = _want_hash;
164 pr_debug("Verified hash page at level %d, now want %s:%*phN\n",
165 level - 1, params->hash_alg->name, hsize, want_hash);
168 /* Finally, verify the data page */
169 err = fsverity_hash_page(params, inode, req, data_page, real_hash);
172 err = cmp_hashes(vi, want_hash, real_hash, index, -1);
174 for (; level > 0; level--)
175 put_page(hpages[level - 1]);
181 * fsverity_verify_page() - verify a data page
182 * @page: the page to verity
184 * Verify a page that has just been read from a verity file. The page must be a
185 * pagecache page that is still locked and not yet uptodate.
187 * Return: true if the page is valid, else false.
189 bool fsverity_verify_page(struct page *page)
191 struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
192 const struct fsverity_info *vi = inode->i_verity_info;
193 struct ahash_request *req;
196 /* This allocation never fails, since it's mempool-backed. */
197 req = fsverity_alloc_hash_request(vi->tree_params.hash_alg, GFP_NOFS);
199 valid = verify_page(inode, vi, req, page, 0);
201 fsverity_free_hash_request(vi->tree_params.hash_alg, req);
205 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsverity_verify_page);
209 * fsverity_verify_bio() - verify a 'read' bio that has just completed
210 * @bio: the bio to verify
212 * Verify a set of pages that have just been read from a verity file. The pages
213 * must be pagecache pages that are still locked and not yet uptodate. Pages
214 * that fail verification are set to the Error state. Verification is skipped
215 * for pages already in the Error state, e.g. due to fscrypt decryption failure.
217 * This is a helper function for use by the ->readpages() method of filesystems
218 * that issue bios to read data directly into the page cache. Filesystems that
219 * populate the page cache without issuing bios (e.g. non block-based
220 * filesystems) must instead call fsverity_verify_page() directly on each page.
221 * All filesystems must also call fsverity_verify_page() on holes.
223 void fsverity_verify_bio(struct bio *bio)
225 struct inode *inode = bio_first_page_all(bio)->mapping->host;
226 const struct fsverity_info *vi = inode->i_verity_info;
227 const struct merkle_tree_params *params = &vi->tree_params;
228 struct ahash_request *req;
230 struct bvec_iter_all iter_all;
231 unsigned long max_ra_pages = 0;
233 /* This allocation never fails, since it's mempool-backed. */
234 req = fsverity_alloc_hash_request(params->hash_alg, GFP_NOFS);
236 if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_RAHEAD) {
238 * If this bio is for data readahead, then we also do readahead
239 * of the first (largest) level of the Merkle tree. Namely,
240 * when a Merkle tree page is read, we also try to piggy-back on
241 * some additional pages -- up to 1/4 the number of data pages.
243 * This improves sequential read performance, as it greatly
244 * reduces the number of I/O requests made to the Merkle tree.
246 bio_for_each_segment_all(bv, bio, iter_all)
251 bio_for_each_segment_all(bv, bio, iter_all) {
252 struct page *page = bv->bv_page;
253 unsigned long level0_index = page->index >> params->log_arity;
254 unsigned long level0_ra_pages =
255 min(max_ra_pages, params->level0_blocks - level0_index);
257 if (!PageError(page) &&
258 !verify_page(inode, vi, req, page, level0_ra_pages))
262 fsverity_free_hash_request(params->hash_alg, req);
264 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsverity_verify_bio);
265 #endif /* CONFIG_BLOCK */
268 * fsverity_enqueue_verify_work() - enqueue work on the fs-verity workqueue
269 * @work: the work to enqueue
271 * Enqueue verification work for asynchronous processing.
273 void fsverity_enqueue_verify_work(struct work_struct *work)
275 queue_work(fsverity_read_workqueue, work);
277 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsverity_enqueue_verify_work);
279 int __init fsverity_init_workqueue(void)
282 * Use an unbound workqueue to allow bios to be verified in parallel
283 * even when they happen to complete on the same CPU. This sacrifices
284 * locality, but it's worthwhile since hashing is CPU-intensive.
286 * Also use a high-priority workqueue to prioritize verification work,
287 * which blocks reads from completing, over regular application tasks.
289 fsverity_read_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("fsverity_read_queue",
290 WQ_UNBOUND | WQ_HIGHPRI,
292 if (!fsverity_read_workqueue)
297 void __init fsverity_exit_workqueue(void)
299 destroy_workqueue(fsverity_read_workqueue);
300 fsverity_read_workqueue = NULL;