1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Squashfs - a compressed read only filesystem for Linux
5 * Copyright (c) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
6 * Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
12 * This file contains code for handling regular files. A regular file
13 * consists of a sequence of contiguous compressed blocks, and/or a
14 * compressed fragment block (tail-end packed block). The compressed size
15 * of each datablock is stored in a block list contained within the
16 * file inode (itself stored in one or more compressed metadata blocks).
18 * To speed up access to datablocks when reading 'large' files (256 Mbytes or
19 * larger), the code implements an index cache that caches the mapping from
20 * block index to datablock location on disk.
22 * The index cache allows Squashfs to handle large files (up to 1.75 TiB) while
23 * retaining a simple and space-efficient block list on disk. The cache
24 * is split into slots, caching up to eight 224 GiB files (128 KiB blocks).
25 * Larger files use multiple slots, with 1.75 TiB files using all 8 slots.
26 * The index cache is designed to be memory efficient, and by default uses
31 #include <linux/vfs.h>
32 #include <linux/kernel.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/string.h>
35 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
36 #include <linux/mutex.h>
38 #include "squashfs_fs.h"
39 #include "squashfs_fs_sb.h"
40 #include "squashfs_fs_i.h"
44 * Locate cache slot in range [offset, index] for specified inode. If
45 * there's more than one return the slot closest to index.
47 static struct meta_index *locate_meta_index(struct inode *inode, int offset,
50 struct meta_index *meta = NULL;
51 struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
54 mutex_lock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
56 TRACE("locate_meta_index: index %d, offset %d\n", index, offset);
58 if (msblk->meta_index == NULL)
61 for (i = 0; i < SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS; i++) {
62 if (msblk->meta_index[i].inode_number == inode->i_ino &&
63 msblk->meta_index[i].offset >= offset &&
64 msblk->meta_index[i].offset <= index &&
65 msblk->meta_index[i].locked == 0) {
66 TRACE("locate_meta_index: entry %d, offset %d\n", i,
67 msblk->meta_index[i].offset);
68 meta = &msblk->meta_index[i];
69 offset = meta->offset;
77 mutex_unlock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
84 * Find and initialise an empty cache slot for index offset.
86 static struct meta_index *empty_meta_index(struct inode *inode, int offset,
89 struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
90 struct meta_index *meta = NULL;
93 mutex_lock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
95 TRACE("empty_meta_index: offset %d, skip %d\n", offset, skip);
97 if (msblk->meta_index == NULL) {
99 * First time cache index has been used, allocate and
100 * initialise. The cache index could be allocated at
101 * mount time but doing it here means it is allocated only
102 * if a 'large' file is read.
104 msblk->meta_index = kcalloc(SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS,
105 sizeof(*(msblk->meta_index)), GFP_KERNEL);
106 if (msblk->meta_index == NULL) {
107 ERROR("Failed to allocate meta_index\n");
110 for (i = 0; i < SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS; i++) {
111 msblk->meta_index[i].inode_number = 0;
112 msblk->meta_index[i].locked = 0;
114 msblk->next_meta_index = 0;
117 for (i = SQUASHFS_META_SLOTS; i &&
118 msblk->meta_index[msblk->next_meta_index].locked; i--)
119 msblk->next_meta_index = (msblk->next_meta_index + 1) %
123 TRACE("empty_meta_index: failed!\n");
127 TRACE("empty_meta_index: returned meta entry %d, %p\n",
128 msblk->next_meta_index,
129 &msblk->meta_index[msblk->next_meta_index]);
131 meta = &msblk->meta_index[msblk->next_meta_index];
132 msblk->next_meta_index = (msblk->next_meta_index + 1) %
135 meta->inode_number = inode->i_ino;
136 meta->offset = offset;
142 mutex_unlock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
147 static void release_meta_index(struct inode *inode, struct meta_index *meta)
149 struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
150 mutex_lock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
152 mutex_unlock(&msblk->meta_index_mutex);
157 * Read the next n blocks from the block list, starting from
158 * metadata block <start_block, offset>.
160 static long long read_indexes(struct super_block *sb, int n,
161 u64 *start_block, int *offset)
165 __le32 *blist = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
168 ERROR("read_indexes: Failed to allocate block_list\n");
173 int blocks = min_t(int, n, PAGE_SIZE >> 2);
175 err = squashfs_read_metadata(sb, blist, start_block,
176 offset, blocks << 2);
178 ERROR("read_indexes: reading block [%llx:%x]\n",
179 *start_block, *offset);
183 for (i = 0; i < blocks; i++) {
184 int size = squashfs_block_size(blist[i]);
189 block += SQUASHFS_COMPRESSED_SIZE_BLOCK(size);
204 * Each cache index slot has SQUASHFS_META_ENTRIES, each of which
205 * can cache one index -> datablock/blocklist-block mapping. We wish
206 * to distribute these over the length of the file, entry[0] maps index x,
207 * entry[1] maps index x + skip, entry[2] maps index x + 2 * skip, and so on.
208 * The larger the file, the greater the skip factor. The skip factor is
209 * limited to the size of the metadata cache (SQUASHFS_CACHED_BLKS) to ensure
210 * the number of metadata blocks that need to be read fits into the cache.
211 * If the skip factor is limited in this way then the file will use multiple
214 static inline int calculate_skip(u64 blocks)
216 u64 skip = blocks / ((SQUASHFS_META_ENTRIES + 1)
217 * SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES);
218 return min((u64) SQUASHFS_CACHED_BLKS - 1, skip + 1);
223 * Search and grow the index cache for the specified inode, returning the
224 * on-disk locations of the datablock and block list metadata block
225 * <index_block, index_offset> for index (scaled to nearest cache index).
227 static int fill_meta_index(struct inode *inode, int index,
228 u64 *index_block, int *index_offset, u64 *data_block)
230 struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
231 int skip = calculate_skip(i_size_read(inode) >> msblk->block_log);
233 struct meta_index *meta;
234 struct meta_entry *meta_entry;
235 u64 cur_index_block = squashfs_i(inode)->block_list_start;
236 int cur_offset = squashfs_i(inode)->offset;
237 u64 cur_data_block = squashfs_i(inode)->start;
241 * Scale index to cache index (cache slot entry)
243 index /= SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES * skip;
245 while (offset < index) {
246 meta = locate_meta_index(inode, offset + 1, index);
249 meta = empty_meta_index(inode, offset + 1, skip);
253 offset = index < meta->offset + meta->entries ? index :
254 meta->offset + meta->entries - 1;
255 meta_entry = &meta->meta_entry[offset - meta->offset];
256 cur_index_block = meta_entry->index_block +
258 cur_offset = meta_entry->offset;
259 cur_data_block = meta_entry->data_block;
260 TRACE("get_meta_index: offset %d, meta->offset %d, "
261 "meta->entries %d\n", offset, meta->offset,
263 TRACE("get_meta_index: index_block 0x%llx, offset 0x%x"
264 " data_block 0x%llx\n", cur_index_block,
265 cur_offset, cur_data_block);
269 * If necessary grow cache slot by reading block list. Cache
270 * slot is extended up to index or to the end of the slot, in
271 * which case further slots will be used.
273 for (i = meta->offset + meta->entries; i <= index &&
274 i < meta->offset + SQUASHFS_META_ENTRIES; i++) {
275 int blocks = skip * SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES;
276 long long res = read_indexes(inode->i_sb, blocks,
277 &cur_index_block, &cur_offset);
280 if (meta->entries == 0)
282 * Don't leave an empty slot on read
283 * error allocated to this inode...
285 meta->inode_number = 0;
290 cur_data_block += res;
291 meta_entry = &meta->meta_entry[i - meta->offset];
292 meta_entry->index_block = cur_index_block -
294 meta_entry->offset = cur_offset;
295 meta_entry->data_block = cur_data_block;
300 TRACE("get_meta_index: meta->offset %d, meta->entries %d\n",
301 meta->offset, meta->entries);
303 release_meta_index(inode, meta);
307 *index_block = cur_index_block;
308 *index_offset = cur_offset;
309 *data_block = cur_data_block;
312 * Scale cache index (cache slot entry) to index
314 return offset * SQUASHFS_META_INDEXES * skip;
317 release_meta_index(inode, meta);
323 * Get the on-disk location and compressed size of the datablock
324 * specified by index. Fill_meta_index() does most of the work.
326 static int read_blocklist(struct inode *inode, int index, u64 *block)
332 int res = fill_meta_index(inode, index, &start, &offset, block);
334 TRACE("read_blocklist: res %d, index %d, start 0x%llx, offset"
335 " 0x%x, block 0x%llx\n", res, index, start, offset,
342 * res contains the index of the mapping returned by fill_meta_index(),
343 * this will likely be less than the desired index (because the
344 * meta_index cache works at a higher granularity). Read any
345 * extra block indexes needed.
348 blks = read_indexes(inode->i_sb, index - res, &start, &offset);
355 * Read length of block specified by index.
357 res = squashfs_read_metadata(inode->i_sb, &size, &start, &offset,
361 return squashfs_block_size(size);
364 void squashfs_fill_page(struct page *page, struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer, int offset, int avail)
369 pageaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
370 copied = squashfs_copy_data(pageaddr, buffer, offset, avail);
371 memset(pageaddr + copied, 0, PAGE_SIZE - copied);
372 kunmap_atomic(pageaddr);
374 flush_dcache_page(page);
376 SetPageUptodate(page);
381 /* Copy data into page cache */
382 void squashfs_copy_cache(struct page *page, struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer,
383 int bytes, int offset)
385 struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
386 struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
387 int i, mask = (1 << (msblk->block_log - PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1;
388 int start_index = page->index & ~mask, end_index = start_index | mask;
391 * Loop copying datablock into pages. As the datablock likely covers
392 * many PAGE_SIZE pages (default block size is 128 KiB) explicitly
393 * grab the pages from the page cache, except for the page that we've
394 * been called to fill.
396 for (i = start_index; i <= end_index && bytes > 0; i++,
397 bytes -= PAGE_SIZE, offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
398 struct page *push_page;
399 int avail = buffer ? min_t(int, bytes, PAGE_SIZE) : 0;
401 TRACE("bytes %d, i %d, available_bytes %d\n", bytes, i, avail);
403 push_page = (i == page->index) ? page :
404 grab_cache_page_nowait(page->mapping, i);
409 if (PageUptodate(push_page))
412 squashfs_fill_page(push_page, buffer, offset, avail);
414 unlock_page(push_page);
415 if (i != page->index)
420 /* Read datablock stored packed inside a fragment (tail-end packed block) */
421 static int squashfs_readpage_fragment(struct page *page, int expected)
423 struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
424 struct squashfs_cache_entry *buffer = squashfs_get_fragment(inode->i_sb,
425 squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block,
426 squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_size);
427 int res = buffer->error;
430 ERROR("Unable to read page, block %llx, size %x\n",
431 squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block,
432 squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_size);
434 squashfs_copy_cache(page, buffer, expected,
435 squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_offset);
437 squashfs_cache_put(buffer);
441 static int squashfs_readpage_sparse(struct page *page, int expected)
443 squashfs_copy_cache(page, NULL, expected, 0);
447 static int squashfs_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page)
449 struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
450 struct squashfs_sb_info *msblk = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
451 int index = page->index >> (msblk->block_log - PAGE_SHIFT);
452 int file_end = i_size_read(inode) >> msblk->block_log;
453 int expected = index == file_end ?
454 (i_size_read(inode) & (msblk->block_size - 1)) :
459 TRACE("Entered squashfs_readpage, page index %lx, start block %llx\n",
460 page->index, squashfs_i(inode)->start);
462 if (page->index >= ((i_size_read(inode) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >>
466 if (index < file_end || squashfs_i(inode)->fragment_block ==
467 SQUASHFS_INVALID_BLK) {
469 int bsize = read_blocklist(inode, index, &block);
474 res = squashfs_readpage_sparse(page, expected);
476 res = squashfs_readpage_block(page, block, bsize, expected);
478 res = squashfs_readpage_fragment(page, expected);
486 pageaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
487 memset(pageaddr, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
488 kunmap_atomic(pageaddr);
489 flush_dcache_page(page);
490 if (!PageError(page))
491 SetPageUptodate(page);
498 const struct address_space_operations squashfs_aops = {
499 .readpage = squashfs_readpage