1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 * helper functions for making synthetic files from sequences of records.
6 * initial implementation -- AV, Oct 2001.
9 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
11 #include <linux/cache.h>
13 #include <linux/export.h>
14 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
15 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/cred.h>
19 #include <linux/printk.h>
20 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
21 #include <linux/uio.h>
23 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
26 static struct kmem_cache *seq_file_cache __ro_after_init;
28 static void seq_set_overflow(struct seq_file *m)
33 static void *seq_buf_alloc(unsigned long size)
35 if (unlikely(size > MAX_RW_COUNT))
38 return kvmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
42 * seq_open - initialize sequential file
43 * @file: file we initialize
44 * @op: method table describing the sequence
46 * seq_open() sets @file, associating it with a sequence described
47 * by @op. @op->start() sets the iterator up and returns the first
48 * element of sequence. @op->stop() shuts it down. @op->next()
49 * returns the next element of sequence. @op->show() prints element
50 * into the buffer. In case of error ->start() and ->next() return
51 * ERR_PTR(error). In the end of sequence they return %NULL. ->show()
52 * returns 0 in case of success and negative number in case of error.
53 * Returning SEQ_SKIP means "discard this element and move on".
54 * Note: seq_open() will allocate a struct seq_file and store its
55 * pointer in @file->private_data. This pointer should not be modified.
57 int seq_open(struct file *file, const struct seq_operations *op)
61 WARN_ON(file->private_data);
63 p = kmem_cache_zalloc(seq_file_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
67 file->private_data = p;
72 // No refcounting: the lifetime of 'p' is constrained
73 // to the lifetime of the file.
77 * seq_files support lseek() and pread(). They do not implement
78 * write() at all, but we clear FMODE_PWRITE here for historical
81 * If a client of seq_files a) implements file.write() and b) wishes to
82 * support pwrite() then that client will need to implement its own
83 * file.open() which calls seq_open() and then sets FMODE_PWRITE.
85 file->f_mode &= ~FMODE_PWRITE;
88 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_open);
90 static int traverse(struct seq_file *m, loff_t offset)
97 m->count = m->from = 0;
102 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size = PAGE_SIZE);
106 p = m->op->start(m, &m->index);
111 error = m->op->show(m, p);
114 if (unlikely(error)) {
118 if (seq_has_overflowed(m))
120 p = m->op->next(m, p, &m->index);
121 if (pos + m->count > offset) {
122 m->from = offset - pos;
138 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size <<= 1);
139 return !m->buf ? -ENOMEM : -EAGAIN;
143 * seq_read - ->read() method for sequential files.
144 * @file: the file to read from
145 * @buf: the buffer to read to
146 * @size: the maximum number of bytes to read
147 * @ppos: the current position in the file
149 * Ready-made ->f_op->read()
151 ssize_t seq_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
153 struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = buf, .iov_len = size};
155 struct iov_iter iter;
158 init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, file);
159 iov_iter_init(&iter, READ, &iov, 1, size);
161 kiocb.ki_pos = *ppos;
162 ret = seq_read_iter(&kiocb, &iter);
163 *ppos = kiocb.ki_pos;
166 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_read);
169 * Ready-made ->f_op->read_iter()
171 ssize_t seq_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
173 struct seq_file *m = iocb->ki_filp->private_data;
179 if (!iov_iter_count(iter))
182 mutex_lock(&m->lock);
185 * if request is to read from zero offset, reset iterator to first
186 * record as it might have been already advanced by previous requests
188 if (iocb->ki_pos == 0) {
193 /* Don't assume ki_pos is where we left it */
194 if (unlikely(iocb->ki_pos != m->read_pos)) {
195 while ((err = traverse(m, iocb->ki_pos)) == -EAGAIN)
198 /* With prejudice... */
204 m->read_pos = iocb->ki_pos;
208 /* grab buffer if we didn't have one */
210 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size = PAGE_SIZE);
214 // something left in the buffer - copy it out first
216 n = copy_to_iter(m->buf + m->from, m->count, iter);
220 if (m->count) // hadn't managed to copy everything
223 // get a non-empty record in the buffer
225 p = m->op->start(m, &m->index);
228 if (!p || IS_ERR(p)) // EOF or an error
230 err = m->op->show(m, p);
231 if (err < 0) // hard error
233 if (unlikely(err)) // ->show() says "skip it"
235 if (unlikely(!m->count)) { // empty record
236 p = m->op->next(m, p, &m->index);
239 if (!seq_has_overflowed(m)) // got it
241 // need a bigger buffer
245 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size <<= 1);
248 p = m->op->start(m, &m->index);
255 // one non-empty record is in the buffer; if they want more,
256 // try to fit more in, but in any case we need to advance
257 // the iterator once for every record shown.
259 size_t offs = m->count;
260 loff_t pos = m->index;
262 p = m->op->next(m, p, &m->index);
263 if (pos == m->index) {
264 pr_info_ratelimited("buggy .next function %ps did not update position index\n",
268 if (!p || IS_ERR(p)) // no next record for us
270 if (m->count >= iov_iter_count(iter))
272 err = m->op->show(m, p);
273 if (err > 0) { // ->show() says "skip it"
275 } else if (err || seq_has_overflowed(m)) {
281 n = copy_to_iter(m->buf, m->count, iter);
286 if (unlikely(!copied)) {
287 copied = m->count ? -EFAULT : err;
289 iocb->ki_pos += copied;
290 m->read_pos += copied;
292 mutex_unlock(&m->lock);
298 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_read_iter);
301 * seq_lseek - ->llseek() method for sequential files.
302 * @file: the file in question
303 * @offset: new position
304 * @whence: 0 for absolute, 1 for relative position
306 * Ready-made ->f_op->llseek()
308 loff_t seq_lseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
310 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
311 loff_t retval = -EINVAL;
313 mutex_lock(&m->lock);
316 offset += file->f_pos;
322 if (offset != m->read_pos) {
323 while ((retval = traverse(m, offset)) == -EAGAIN)
326 /* with extreme prejudice... */
332 m->read_pos = offset;
333 retval = file->f_pos = offset;
336 file->f_pos = offset;
339 mutex_unlock(&m->lock);
342 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_lseek);
345 * seq_release - free the structures associated with sequential file.
346 * @file: file in question
349 * Frees the structures associated with sequential file; can be used
350 * as ->f_op->release() if you don't have private data to destroy.
352 int seq_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
354 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
356 kmem_cache_free(seq_file_cache, m);
359 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_release);
362 * seq_escape_mem - print data into buffer, escaping some characters
364 * @src: source buffer
365 * @len: size of source buffer
366 * @flags: flags to pass to string_escape_mem()
367 * @esc: set of characters that need escaping
369 * Puts data into buffer, replacing each occurrence of character from
370 * given class (defined by @flags and @esc) with printable escaped sequence.
372 * Use seq_has_overflowed() to check for errors.
374 void seq_escape_mem(struct seq_file *m, const char *src, size_t len,
375 unsigned int flags, const char *esc)
378 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
381 ret = string_escape_mem(src, len, buf, size, flags, esc);
382 seq_commit(m, ret < size ? ret : -1);
384 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_escape_mem);
387 * seq_escape - print string into buffer, escaping some characters
390 * @esc: set of characters that need escaping
392 * Puts string into buffer, replacing each occurrence of character from
393 * @esc with usual octal escape.
394 * Use seq_has_overflowed() to check for errors.
396 void seq_escape(struct seq_file *m, const char *s, const char *esc)
398 seq_escape_str(m, s, ESCAPE_OCTAL, esc);
400 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_escape);
402 void seq_vprintf(struct seq_file *m, const char *f, va_list args)
406 if (m->count < m->size) {
407 len = vsnprintf(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, f, args);
408 if (m->count + len < m->size) {
415 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_vprintf);
417 void seq_printf(struct seq_file *m, const char *f, ...)
422 seq_vprintf(m, f, args);
425 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_printf);
427 #ifdef CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF
428 void seq_bprintf(struct seq_file *m, const char *f, const u32 *binary)
432 if (m->count < m->size) {
433 len = bstr_printf(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, f,
435 if (m->count + len < m->size) {
442 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_bprintf);
443 #endif /* CONFIG_BINARY_PRINTF */
446 * mangle_path - mangle and copy path to buffer beginning
448 * @p: beginning of path in above buffer
449 * @esc: set of characters that need escaping
451 * Copy the path from @p to @s, replacing each occurrence of character from
452 * @esc with usual octal escape.
453 * Returns pointer past last written character in @s, or NULL in case of
456 char *mangle_path(char *s, const char *p, const char *esc)
462 } else if (!strchr(esc, c)) {
464 } else if (s + 4 > p) {
468 *s++ = '0' + ((c & 0300) >> 6);
469 *s++ = '0' + ((c & 070) >> 3);
470 *s++ = '0' + (c & 07);
475 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mangle_path);
478 * seq_path - seq_file interface to print a pathname
479 * @m: the seq_file handle
480 * @path: the struct path to print
481 * @esc: set of characters to escape in the output
483 * return the absolute path of 'path', as represented by the
484 * dentry / mnt pair in the path parameter.
486 int seq_path(struct seq_file *m, const struct path *path, const char *esc)
489 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
493 char *p = d_path(path, buf, size);
495 char *end = mangle_path(buf, p, esc);
504 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_path);
507 * seq_file_path - seq_file interface to print a pathname of a file
508 * @m: the seq_file handle
509 * @file: the struct file to print
510 * @esc: set of characters to escape in the output
512 * return the absolute path to the file.
514 int seq_file_path(struct seq_file *m, struct file *file, const char *esc)
516 return seq_path(m, &file->f_path, esc);
518 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_file_path);
521 * Same as seq_path, but relative to supplied root.
523 int seq_path_root(struct seq_file *m, const struct path *path,
524 const struct path *root, const char *esc)
527 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
528 int res = -ENAMETOOLONG;
533 p = __d_path(path, root, buf, size);
538 char *end = mangle_path(buf, p, esc);
547 return res < 0 && res != -ENAMETOOLONG ? res : 0;
551 * returns the path of the 'dentry' from the root of its filesystem.
553 int seq_dentry(struct seq_file *m, struct dentry *dentry, const char *esc)
556 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
560 char *p = dentry_path(dentry, buf, size);
562 char *end = mangle_path(buf, p, esc);
571 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_dentry);
573 static void *single_start(struct seq_file *p, loff_t *pos)
575 return NULL + (*pos == 0);
578 static void *single_next(struct seq_file *p, void *v, loff_t *pos)
584 static void single_stop(struct seq_file *p, void *v)
588 int single_open(struct file *file, int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *),
591 struct seq_operations *op = kmalloc(sizeof(*op), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
595 op->start = single_start;
596 op->next = single_next;
597 op->stop = single_stop;
599 res = seq_open(file, op);
601 ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->private = data;
607 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_open);
609 int single_open_size(struct file *file, int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *),
610 void *data, size_t size)
612 char *buf = seq_buf_alloc(size);
616 ret = single_open(file, show, data);
621 ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->buf = buf;
622 ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->size = size;
625 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_open_size);
627 int single_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
629 const struct seq_operations *op = ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->op;
630 int res = seq_release(inode, file);
634 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_release);
636 int seq_release_private(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
638 struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
642 return seq_release(inode, file);
644 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_release_private);
646 void *__seq_open_private(struct file *f, const struct seq_operations *ops,
651 struct seq_file *seq;
653 private = kzalloc(psize, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
657 rc = seq_open(f, ops);
661 seq = f->private_data;
662 seq->private = private;
670 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__seq_open_private);
672 int seq_open_private(struct file *filp, const struct seq_operations *ops,
675 return __seq_open_private(filp, ops, psize) ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
677 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_open_private);
679 void seq_putc(struct seq_file *m, char c)
681 if (m->count >= m->size)
684 m->buf[m->count++] = c;
686 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_putc);
688 void seq_puts(struct seq_file *m, const char *s)
692 if (m->count + len >= m->size) {
696 memcpy(m->buf + m->count, s, len);
699 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_puts);
702 * seq_put_decimal_ull_width - A helper routine for putting decimal numbers
703 * without rich format of printf().
704 * only 'unsigned long long' is supported.
705 * @m: seq_file identifying the buffer to which data should be written
706 * @delimiter: a string which is printed before the number
708 * @width: a minimum field width
710 * This routine will put strlen(delimiter) + number into seq_filed.
711 * This routine is very quick when you show lots of numbers.
712 * In usual cases, it will be better to use seq_printf(). It's easier to read.
714 void seq_put_decimal_ull_width(struct seq_file *m, const char *delimiter,
715 unsigned long long num, unsigned int width)
719 if (m->count + 2 >= m->size) /* we'll write 2 bytes at least */
722 if (delimiter && delimiter[0]) {
723 if (delimiter[1] == 0)
724 seq_putc(m, delimiter[0]);
726 seq_puts(m, delimiter);
732 if (m->count + width >= m->size)
735 len = num_to_str(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, num, width);
746 void seq_put_decimal_ull(struct seq_file *m, const char *delimiter,
747 unsigned long long num)
749 return seq_put_decimal_ull_width(m, delimiter, num, 0);
751 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_put_decimal_ull);
754 * seq_put_hex_ll - put a number in hexadecimal notation
755 * @m: seq_file identifying the buffer to which data should be written
756 * @delimiter: a string which is printed before the number
758 * @width: a minimum field width
760 * seq_put_hex_ll(m, "", v, 8) is equal to seq_printf(m, "%08llx", v)
762 * This routine is very quick when you show lots of numbers.
763 * In usual cases, it will be better to use seq_printf(). It's easier to read.
765 void seq_put_hex_ll(struct seq_file *m, const char *delimiter,
766 unsigned long long v, unsigned int width)
771 if (delimiter && delimiter[0]) {
772 if (delimiter[1] == 0)
773 seq_putc(m, delimiter[0]);
775 seq_puts(m, delimiter);
778 /* If x is 0, the result of __builtin_clzll is undefined */
782 len = (sizeof(v) * 8 - __builtin_clzll(v) + 3) / 4;
787 if (m->count + len > m->size) {
792 for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
793 m->buf[m->count + i] = hex_asc[0xf & v];
799 void seq_put_decimal_ll(struct seq_file *m, const char *delimiter, long long num)
803 if (m->count + 3 >= m->size) /* we'll write 2 bytes at least */
806 if (delimiter && delimiter[0]) {
807 if (delimiter[1] == 0)
808 seq_putc(m, delimiter[0]);
810 seq_puts(m, delimiter);
813 if (m->count + 2 >= m->size)
817 m->buf[m->count++] = '-';
822 m->buf[m->count++] = num + '0';
826 len = num_to_str(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, num, 0);
836 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_put_decimal_ll);
839 * seq_write - write arbitrary data to buffer
840 * @seq: seq_file identifying the buffer to which data should be written
841 * @data: data address
842 * @len: number of bytes
844 * Return 0 on success, non-zero otherwise.
846 int seq_write(struct seq_file *seq, const void *data, size_t len)
848 if (seq->count + len < seq->size) {
849 memcpy(seq->buf + seq->count, data, len);
853 seq_set_overflow(seq);
856 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_write);
859 * seq_pad - write padding spaces to buffer
860 * @m: seq_file identifying the buffer to which data should be written
861 * @c: the byte to append after padding if non-zero
863 void seq_pad(struct seq_file *m, char c)
865 int size = m->pad_until - m->count;
867 if (size + m->count > m->size) {
871 memset(m->buf + m->count, ' ', size);
877 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_pad);
879 /* A complete analogue of print_hex_dump() */
880 void seq_hex_dump(struct seq_file *m, const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
881 int rowsize, int groupsize, const void *buf, size_t len,
885 int i, linelen, remaining = len;
890 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
893 for (i = 0; i < len && !seq_has_overflowed(m); i += rowsize) {
894 linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
895 remaining -= rowsize;
897 switch (prefix_type) {
898 case DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
899 seq_printf(m, "%s%p: ", prefix_str, ptr + i);
901 case DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET:
902 seq_printf(m, "%s%.8x: ", prefix_str, i);
905 seq_printf(m, "%s", prefix_str);
909 size = seq_get_buf(m, &buffer);
910 ret = hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
911 buffer, size, ascii);
912 seq_commit(m, ret < size ? ret : -1);
917 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hex_dump);
919 struct list_head *seq_list_start(struct list_head *head, loff_t pos)
921 struct list_head *lh;
923 list_for_each(lh, head)
929 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_list_start);
931 struct list_head *seq_list_start_head(struct list_head *head, loff_t pos)
936 return seq_list_start(head, pos - 1);
938 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_list_start_head);
940 struct list_head *seq_list_next(void *v, struct list_head *head, loff_t *ppos)
942 struct list_head *lh;
944 lh = ((struct list_head *)v)->next;
946 return lh == head ? NULL : lh;
948 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_list_next);
951 * seq_hlist_start - start an iteration of a hlist
952 * @head: the head of the hlist
953 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
955 * Called at seq_file->op->start().
957 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start(struct hlist_head *head, loff_t pos)
959 struct hlist_node *node;
961 hlist_for_each(node, head)
966 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start);
969 * seq_hlist_start_head - start an iteration of a hlist
970 * @head: the head of the hlist
971 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
973 * Called at seq_file->op->start(). Call this function if you want to
974 * print a header at the top of the output.
976 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start_head(struct hlist_head *head, loff_t pos)
979 return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
981 return seq_hlist_start(head, pos - 1);
983 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_head);
986 * seq_hlist_next - move to the next position of the hlist
987 * @v: the current iterator
988 * @head: the head of the hlist
989 * @ppos: the current position
991 * Called at seq_file->op->next().
993 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_next(void *v, struct hlist_head *head,
996 struct hlist_node *node = v;
999 if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
1004 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_next);
1007 * seq_hlist_start_rcu - start an iteration of a hlist protected by RCU
1008 * @head: the head of the hlist
1009 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
1011 * Called at seq_file->op->start().
1013 * This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
1014 * the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as hlist_add_head_rcu()
1015 * as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
1017 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start_rcu(struct hlist_head *head,
1020 struct hlist_node *node;
1022 __hlist_for_each_rcu(node, head)
1027 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_rcu);
1030 * seq_hlist_start_head_rcu - start an iteration of a hlist protected by RCU
1031 * @head: the head of the hlist
1032 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
1034 * Called at seq_file->op->start(). Call this function if you want to
1035 * print a header at the top of the output.
1037 * This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
1038 * the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as hlist_add_head_rcu()
1039 * as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
1041 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start_head_rcu(struct hlist_head *head,
1045 return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
1047 return seq_hlist_start_rcu(head, pos - 1);
1049 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_head_rcu);
1052 * seq_hlist_next_rcu - move to the next position of the hlist protected by RCU
1053 * @v: the current iterator
1054 * @head: the head of the hlist
1055 * @ppos: the current position
1057 * Called at seq_file->op->next().
1059 * This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
1060 * the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as hlist_add_head_rcu()
1061 * as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
1063 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_next_rcu(void *v,
1064 struct hlist_head *head,
1067 struct hlist_node *node = v;
1070 if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
1071 return rcu_dereference(head->first);
1073 return rcu_dereference(node->next);
1075 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_next_rcu);
1078 * seq_hlist_start_percpu - start an iteration of a percpu hlist array
1079 * @head: pointer to percpu array of struct hlist_heads
1080 * @cpu: pointer to cpu "cursor"
1081 * @pos: start position of sequence
1083 * Called at seq_file->op->start().
1086 seq_hlist_start_percpu(struct hlist_head __percpu *head, int *cpu, loff_t pos)
1088 struct hlist_node *node;
1090 for_each_possible_cpu(*cpu) {
1091 hlist_for_each(node, per_cpu_ptr(head, *cpu)) {
1098 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_percpu);
1101 * seq_hlist_next_percpu - move to the next position of the percpu hlist array
1102 * @v: pointer to current hlist_node
1103 * @head: pointer to percpu array of struct hlist_heads
1104 * @cpu: pointer to cpu "cursor"
1105 * @pos: start position of sequence
1107 * Called at seq_file->op->next().
1110 seq_hlist_next_percpu(void *v, struct hlist_head __percpu *head,
1111 int *cpu, loff_t *pos)
1113 struct hlist_node *node = v;
1120 for (*cpu = cpumask_next(*cpu, cpu_possible_mask); *cpu < nr_cpu_ids;
1121 *cpu = cpumask_next(*cpu, cpu_possible_mask)) {
1122 struct hlist_head *bucket = per_cpu_ptr(head, *cpu);
1124 if (!hlist_empty(bucket))
1125 return bucket->first;
1129 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_next_percpu);
1131 void __init seq_file_init(void)
1133 seq_file_cache = KMEM_CACHE(seq_file, SLAB_ACCOUNT|SLAB_PANIC);