4 * helper functions for making synthetic files from sequences of records.
5 * initial implementation -- AV, Oct 2001.
9 #include <linux/export.h>
10 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
11 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
12 #include <linux/slab.h>
13 #include <linux/cred.h>
15 #include <linux/printk.h>
16 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
18 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
21 static void seq_set_overflow(struct seq_file *m)
26 static void *seq_buf_alloc(unsigned long size)
29 gfp_t gfp = GFP_KERNEL;
32 * For high order allocations, use __GFP_NORETRY to avoid oom-killing -
33 * it's better to fall back to vmalloc() than to kill things. For small
34 * allocations, just use GFP_KERNEL which will oom kill, thus no need
35 * for vmalloc fallback.
38 gfp |= __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN;
39 buf = kmalloc(size, gfp);
40 if (!buf && size > PAGE_SIZE)
46 * seq_open - initialize sequential file
47 * @file: file we initialize
48 * @op: method table describing the sequence
50 * seq_open() sets @file, associating it with a sequence described
51 * by @op. @op->start() sets the iterator up and returns the first
52 * element of sequence. @op->stop() shuts it down. @op->next()
53 * returns the next element of sequence. @op->show() prints element
54 * into the buffer. In case of error ->start() and ->next() return
55 * ERR_PTR(error). In the end of sequence they return %NULL. ->show()
56 * returns 0 in case of success and negative number in case of error.
57 * Returning SEQ_SKIP means "discard this element and move on".
58 * Note: seq_open() will allocate a struct seq_file and store its
59 * pointer in @file->private_data. This pointer should not be modified.
61 int seq_open(struct file *file, const struct seq_operations *op)
65 WARN_ON(file->private_data);
67 p = kzalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
71 file->private_data = p;
76 // No refcounting: the lifetime of 'p' is constrained
77 // to the lifetime of the file.
81 * Wrappers around seq_open(e.g. swaps_open) need to be
82 * aware of this. If they set f_version themselves, they
83 * should call seq_open first and then set f_version.
88 * seq_files support lseek() and pread(). They do not implement
89 * write() at all, but we clear FMODE_PWRITE here for historical
92 * If a client of seq_files a) implements file.write() and b) wishes to
93 * support pwrite() then that client will need to implement its own
94 * file.open() which calls seq_open() and then sets FMODE_PWRITE.
96 file->f_mode &= ~FMODE_PWRITE;
99 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_open);
101 static int traverse(struct seq_file *m, loff_t offset)
103 loff_t pos = 0, index;
109 m->count = m->from = 0;
115 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size = PAGE_SIZE);
119 p = m->op->start(m, &index);
124 error = m->op->show(m, p);
127 if (unlikely(error)) {
131 if (seq_has_overflowed(m))
133 if (pos + m->count > offset) {
134 m->from = offset - pos;
146 p = m->op->next(m, p, &index);
156 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size <<= 1);
157 return !m->buf ? -ENOMEM : -EAGAIN;
161 * seq_read - ->read() method for sequential files.
162 * @file: the file to read from
163 * @buf: the buffer to read to
164 * @size: the maximum number of bytes to read
165 * @ppos: the current position in the file
167 * Ready-made ->f_op->read()
169 ssize_t seq_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
171 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
178 mutex_lock(&m->lock);
181 * seq_file->op->..m_start/m_stop/m_next may do special actions
182 * or optimisations based on the file->f_version, so we want to
183 * pass the file->f_version to those methods.
185 * seq_file->version is just copy of f_version, and seq_file
186 * methods can treat it simply as file version.
187 * It is copied in first and copied out after all operations.
188 * It is convenient to have it as part of structure to avoid the
189 * need of passing another argument to all the seq_file methods.
191 m->version = file->f_version;
194 * if request is to read from zero offset, reset iterator to first
195 * record as it might have been already advanced by previous requests
200 /* Don't assume *ppos is where we left it */
201 if (unlikely(*ppos != m->read_pos)) {
202 while ((err = traverse(m, *ppos)) == -EAGAIN)
205 /* With prejudice... */
216 /* grab buffer if we didn't have one */
218 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size = PAGE_SIZE);
222 /* if not empty - flush it first */
224 n = min(m->count, size);
225 err = copy_to_user(buf, m->buf + m->from, n);
240 /* we need at least one record in buffer */
242 p = m->op->start(m, &pos);
247 err = m->op->show(m, p);
252 if (unlikely(!m->count)) {
253 p = m->op->next(m, p, &pos);
257 if (m->count < m->size)
262 m->buf = seq_buf_alloc(m->size <<= 1);
267 p = m->op->start(m, &pos);
273 /* they want more? let's try to get some more */
274 while (m->count < size) {
275 size_t offs = m->count;
277 p = m->op->next(m, p, &next);
278 if (!p || IS_ERR(p)) {
282 err = m->op->show(m, p);
283 if (seq_has_overflowed(m) || err) {
285 if (likely(err <= 0))
291 n = min(m->count, size);
292 err = copy_to_user(buf, m->buf, n);
307 m->read_pos += copied;
309 file->f_version = m->version;
310 mutex_unlock(&m->lock);
319 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_read);
322 * seq_lseek - ->llseek() method for sequential files.
323 * @file: the file in question
324 * @offset: new position
325 * @whence: 0 for absolute, 1 for relative position
327 * Ready-made ->f_op->llseek()
329 loff_t seq_lseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
331 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
332 loff_t retval = -EINVAL;
334 mutex_lock(&m->lock);
335 m->version = file->f_version;
338 offset += file->f_pos;
343 if (offset != m->read_pos) {
344 while ((retval = traverse(m, offset)) == -EAGAIN)
347 /* with extreme prejudice... */
354 m->read_pos = offset;
355 retval = file->f_pos = offset;
358 file->f_pos = offset;
361 file->f_version = m->version;
362 mutex_unlock(&m->lock);
365 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_lseek);
368 * seq_release - free the structures associated with sequential file.
369 * @file: file in question
372 * Frees the structures associated with sequential file; can be used
373 * as ->f_op->release() if you don't have private data to destroy.
375 int seq_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
377 struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
382 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_release);
385 * seq_escape - print string into buffer, escaping some characters
388 * @esc: set of characters that need escaping
390 * Puts string into buffer, replacing each occurrence of character from
391 * @esc with usual octal escape.
392 * Use seq_has_overflowed() to check for errors.
394 void seq_escape(struct seq_file *m, const char *s, const char *esc)
397 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
400 ret = string_escape_str(s, buf, size, ESCAPE_OCTAL, esc);
401 seq_commit(m, ret < size ? ret : -1);
403 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_escape);
405 void seq_vprintf(struct seq_file *m, const char *f, va_list args)
409 if (m->count < m->size) {
410 len = vsnprintf(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, f, args);
411 if (m->count + len < m->size) {
418 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_vprintf);
420 void seq_printf(struct seq_file *m, const char *f, ...)
425 seq_vprintf(m, f, args);
428 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_printf);
431 * mangle_path - mangle and copy path to buffer beginning
433 * @p: beginning of path in above buffer
434 * @esc: set of characters that need escaping
436 * Copy the path from @p to @s, replacing each occurrence of character from
437 * @esc with usual octal escape.
438 * Returns pointer past last written character in @s, or NULL in case of
441 char *mangle_path(char *s, const char *p, const char *esc)
447 } else if (!strchr(esc, c)) {
449 } else if (s + 4 > p) {
453 *s++ = '0' + ((c & 0300) >> 6);
454 *s++ = '0' + ((c & 070) >> 3);
455 *s++ = '0' + (c & 07);
460 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mangle_path);
463 * seq_path - seq_file interface to print a pathname
464 * @m: the seq_file handle
465 * @path: the struct path to print
466 * @esc: set of characters to escape in the output
468 * return the absolute path of 'path', as represented by the
469 * dentry / mnt pair in the path parameter.
471 int seq_path(struct seq_file *m, const struct path *path, const char *esc)
474 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
478 char *p = d_path(path, buf, size);
480 char *end = mangle_path(buf, p, esc);
489 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_path);
492 * seq_file_path - seq_file interface to print a pathname of a file
493 * @m: the seq_file handle
494 * @file: the struct file to print
495 * @esc: set of characters to escape in the output
497 * return the absolute path to the file.
499 int seq_file_path(struct seq_file *m, struct file *file, const char *esc)
501 return seq_path(m, &file->f_path, esc);
503 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_file_path);
506 * Same as seq_path, but relative to supplied root.
508 int seq_path_root(struct seq_file *m, const struct path *path,
509 const struct path *root, const char *esc)
512 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
513 int res = -ENAMETOOLONG;
518 p = __d_path(path, root, buf, size);
523 char *end = mangle_path(buf, p, esc);
532 return res < 0 && res != -ENAMETOOLONG ? res : 0;
536 * returns the path of the 'dentry' from the root of its filesystem.
538 int seq_dentry(struct seq_file *m, struct dentry *dentry, const char *esc)
541 size_t size = seq_get_buf(m, &buf);
545 char *p = dentry_path(dentry, buf, size);
547 char *end = mangle_path(buf, p, esc);
556 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_dentry);
558 static void *single_start(struct seq_file *p, loff_t *pos)
560 return NULL + (*pos == 0);
563 static void *single_next(struct seq_file *p, void *v, loff_t *pos)
569 static void single_stop(struct seq_file *p, void *v)
573 int single_open(struct file *file, int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *),
576 struct seq_operations *op = kmalloc(sizeof(*op), GFP_KERNEL);
580 op->start = single_start;
581 op->next = single_next;
582 op->stop = single_stop;
584 res = seq_open(file, op);
586 ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->private = data;
592 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_open);
594 int single_open_size(struct file *file, int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *),
595 void *data, size_t size)
597 char *buf = seq_buf_alloc(size);
601 ret = single_open(file, show, data);
606 ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->buf = buf;
607 ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->size = size;
610 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_open_size);
612 int single_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
614 const struct seq_operations *op = ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->op;
615 int res = seq_release(inode, file);
619 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_release);
621 int seq_release_private(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
623 struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
627 return seq_release(inode, file);
629 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_release_private);
631 void *__seq_open_private(struct file *f, const struct seq_operations *ops,
636 struct seq_file *seq;
638 private = kzalloc(psize, GFP_KERNEL);
642 rc = seq_open(f, ops);
646 seq = f->private_data;
647 seq->private = private;
655 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__seq_open_private);
657 int seq_open_private(struct file *filp, const struct seq_operations *ops,
660 return __seq_open_private(filp, ops, psize) ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
662 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_open_private);
664 void seq_putc(struct seq_file *m, char c)
666 if (m->count >= m->size)
669 m->buf[m->count++] = c;
671 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_putc);
673 void seq_puts(struct seq_file *m, const char *s)
677 if (m->count + len >= m->size) {
681 memcpy(m->buf + m->count, s, len);
684 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_puts);
687 * A helper routine for putting decimal numbers without rich format of printf().
688 * only 'unsigned long long' is supported.
689 * This routine will put strlen(delimiter) + number into seq_file.
690 * This routine is very quick when you show lots of numbers.
691 * In usual cases, it will be better to use seq_printf(). It's easier to read.
693 void seq_put_decimal_ull(struct seq_file *m, const char *delimiter,
694 unsigned long long num)
698 if (m->count + 2 >= m->size) /* we'll write 2 bytes at least */
701 len = strlen(delimiter);
702 if (m->count + len >= m->size)
705 memcpy(m->buf + m->count, delimiter, len);
708 if (m->count + 1 >= m->size)
712 m->buf[m->count++] = num + '0';
716 len = num_to_str(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, num);
726 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_put_decimal_ull);
728 void seq_put_decimal_ll(struct seq_file *m, const char *delimiter, long long num)
732 if (m->count + 3 >= m->size) /* we'll write 2 bytes at least */
735 len = strlen(delimiter);
736 if (m->count + len >= m->size)
739 memcpy(m->buf + m->count, delimiter, len);
742 if (m->count + 2 >= m->size)
746 m->buf[m->count++] = '-';
751 m->buf[m->count++] = num + '0';
755 len = num_to_str(m->buf + m->count, m->size - m->count, num);
765 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_put_decimal_ll);
768 * seq_write - write arbitrary data to buffer
769 * @seq: seq_file identifying the buffer to which data should be written
770 * @data: data address
771 * @len: number of bytes
773 * Return 0 on success, non-zero otherwise.
775 int seq_write(struct seq_file *seq, const void *data, size_t len)
777 if (seq->count + len < seq->size) {
778 memcpy(seq->buf + seq->count, data, len);
782 seq_set_overflow(seq);
785 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_write);
788 * seq_pad - write padding spaces to buffer
789 * @m: seq_file identifying the buffer to which data should be written
790 * @c: the byte to append after padding if non-zero
792 void seq_pad(struct seq_file *m, char c)
794 int size = m->pad_until - m->count;
796 seq_printf(m, "%*s", size, "");
800 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_pad);
802 /* A complete analogue of print_hex_dump() */
803 void seq_hex_dump(struct seq_file *m, const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
804 int rowsize, int groupsize, const void *buf, size_t len,
808 int i, linelen, remaining = len;
813 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
816 for (i = 0; i < len && !seq_has_overflowed(m); i += rowsize) {
817 linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
818 remaining -= rowsize;
820 switch (prefix_type) {
821 case DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
822 seq_printf(m, "%s%p: ", prefix_str, ptr + i);
824 case DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET:
825 seq_printf(m, "%s%.8x: ", prefix_str, i);
828 seq_printf(m, "%s", prefix_str);
832 size = seq_get_buf(m, &buffer);
833 ret = hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
834 buffer, size, ascii);
835 seq_commit(m, ret < size ? ret : -1);
840 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hex_dump);
842 struct list_head *seq_list_start(struct list_head *head, loff_t pos)
844 struct list_head *lh;
846 list_for_each(lh, head)
852 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_list_start);
854 struct list_head *seq_list_start_head(struct list_head *head, loff_t pos)
859 return seq_list_start(head, pos - 1);
861 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_list_start_head);
863 struct list_head *seq_list_next(void *v, struct list_head *head, loff_t *ppos)
865 struct list_head *lh;
867 lh = ((struct list_head *)v)->next;
869 return lh == head ? NULL : lh;
871 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_list_next);
874 * seq_hlist_start - start an iteration of a hlist
875 * @head: the head of the hlist
876 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
878 * Called at seq_file->op->start().
880 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start(struct hlist_head *head, loff_t pos)
882 struct hlist_node *node;
884 hlist_for_each(node, head)
889 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start);
892 * seq_hlist_start_head - start an iteration of a hlist
893 * @head: the head of the hlist
894 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
896 * Called at seq_file->op->start(). Call this function if you want to
897 * print a header at the top of the output.
899 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start_head(struct hlist_head *head, loff_t pos)
902 return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
904 return seq_hlist_start(head, pos - 1);
906 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_head);
909 * seq_hlist_next - move to the next position of the hlist
910 * @v: the current iterator
911 * @head: the head of the hlist
912 * @ppos: the current position
914 * Called at seq_file->op->next().
916 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_next(void *v, struct hlist_head *head,
919 struct hlist_node *node = v;
922 if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
927 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_next);
930 * seq_hlist_start_rcu - start an iteration of a hlist protected by RCU
931 * @head: the head of the hlist
932 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
934 * Called at seq_file->op->start().
936 * This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
937 * the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as hlist_add_head_rcu()
938 * as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
940 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start_rcu(struct hlist_head *head,
943 struct hlist_node *node;
945 __hlist_for_each_rcu(node, head)
950 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_rcu);
953 * seq_hlist_start_head_rcu - start an iteration of a hlist protected by RCU
954 * @head: the head of the hlist
955 * @pos: the start position of the sequence
957 * Called at seq_file->op->start(). Call this function if you want to
958 * print a header at the top of the output.
960 * This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
961 * the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as hlist_add_head_rcu()
962 * as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
964 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_start_head_rcu(struct hlist_head *head,
968 return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
970 return seq_hlist_start_rcu(head, pos - 1);
972 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_head_rcu);
975 * seq_hlist_next_rcu - move to the next position of the hlist protected by RCU
976 * @v: the current iterator
977 * @head: the head of the hlist
978 * @ppos: the current position
980 * Called at seq_file->op->next().
982 * This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
983 * the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as hlist_add_head_rcu()
984 * as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
986 struct hlist_node *seq_hlist_next_rcu(void *v,
987 struct hlist_head *head,
990 struct hlist_node *node = v;
993 if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
994 return rcu_dereference(head->first);
996 return rcu_dereference(node->next);
998 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_next_rcu);
1001 * seq_hlist_start_precpu - start an iteration of a percpu hlist array
1002 * @head: pointer to percpu array of struct hlist_heads
1003 * @cpu: pointer to cpu "cursor"
1004 * @pos: start position of sequence
1006 * Called at seq_file->op->start().
1009 seq_hlist_start_percpu(struct hlist_head __percpu *head, int *cpu, loff_t pos)
1011 struct hlist_node *node;
1013 for_each_possible_cpu(*cpu) {
1014 hlist_for_each(node, per_cpu_ptr(head, *cpu)) {
1021 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_start_percpu);
1024 * seq_hlist_next_percpu - move to the next position of the percpu hlist array
1025 * @v: pointer to current hlist_node
1026 * @head: pointer to percpu array of struct hlist_heads
1027 * @cpu: pointer to cpu "cursor"
1028 * @pos: start position of sequence
1030 * Called at seq_file->op->next().
1033 seq_hlist_next_percpu(void *v, struct hlist_head __percpu *head,
1034 int *cpu, loff_t *pos)
1036 struct hlist_node *node = v;
1043 for (*cpu = cpumask_next(*cpu, cpu_possible_mask); *cpu < nr_cpu_ids;
1044 *cpu = cpumask_next(*cpu, cpu_possible_mask)) {
1045 struct hlist_head *bucket = per_cpu_ptr(head, *cpu);
1047 if (!hlist_empty(bucket))
1048 return bucket->first;
1052 EXPORT_SYMBOL(seq_hlist_next_percpu);