fs/mpage.c

   1 /*
   2  * fs/mpage.c
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
   5  *
   6  * Contains functions related to preparing and submitting BIOs which contain
   7  * multiple pagecache pages.
   8  *
   9  * 15May2002    akpm@zip.com.au
  10  *              Initial version
  11  * 27Jun2002    axboe@suse.de
  12  *              use bio_add_page() to build bio's just the right size
  13  */
  14
  15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  16 #include <linux/module.h>
  17 #include <linux/mm.h>
  18 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
  19 #include <linux/bio.h>
  20 #include <linux/fs.h>
  21 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
  22 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  23 #include <linux/highmem.h>
  24 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
  25 #include <linux/mpage.h>
  26 #include <linux/writeback.h>
  27 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
  28 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
  29
  30 /*
  31  * I/O completion handler for multipage BIOs.
  32  *
  33  * The mpage code never puts partial pages into a BIO (except for end-of-file).
  34  * If a page does not map to a contiguous run of blocks then it simply falls
  35  * back to block_read_full_page().
  36  *
  37  * Why is this?  If a page's completion depends on a number of different BIOs
  38  * which can complete in any order (or at the same time) then determining the
  39  * status of that page is hard.  See end_buffer_async_read() for the details.
  40  * There is no point in duplicating all that complexity.
  41  */
  42 static int mpage_end_io_read(struct bio *bio, unsigned int bytes_done, int err)
  43 {
  44         const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
  45         struct bio_vec *bvec = bio->bi_io_vec + bio->bi_vcnt - 1;
  46
  47         if (bio->bi_size)
  48                 return 1;
  49
  50         do {
  51                 struct page *page = bvec->bv_page;
  52
  53                 if (--bvec >= bio->bi_io_vec)
  54                         prefetchw(&bvec->bv_page->flags);
  55
  56                 if (uptodate) {
  57                         SetPageUptodate(page);
  58                 } else {
  59                         ClearPageUptodate(page);
  60                         SetPageError(page);
  61                 }
  62                 unlock_page(page);
  63         } while (bvec >= bio->bi_io_vec);
  64         bio_put(bio);
  65         return 0;
  66 }
  67
  68 static int mpage_end_io_write(struct bio *bio, unsigned int bytes_done, int err)
  69 {
  70         const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
  71         struct bio_vec *bvec = bio->bi_io_vec + bio->bi_vcnt - 1;
  72
  73         if (bio->bi_size)
  74                 return 1;
  75
  76         do {
  77                 struct page *page = bvec->bv_page;
  78
  79                 if (--bvec >= bio->bi_io_vec)
  80                         prefetchw(&bvec->bv_page->flags);
  81
  82                 if (!uptodate){
  83                         SetPageError(page);
  84                         if (page->mapping)
  85                                 set_bit(AS_EIO, &page->mapping->flags);
  86                 }
  87                 end_page_writeback(page);
  88         } while (bvec >= bio->bi_io_vec);
  89         bio_put(bio);
  90         return 0;
  91 }
  92
  93 static struct bio *mpage_bio_submit(int rw, struct bio *bio)
  94 {
  95         bio->bi_end_io = mpage_end_io_read;
  96         if (rw == WRITE)
  97                 bio->bi_end_io = mpage_end_io_write;
  98         submit_bio(rw, bio);
  99         return NULL;
 100 }
 101
 102 static struct bio *
 103 mpage_alloc(struct block_device *bdev,
 104                 sector_t first_sector, int nr_vecs,
 105                 gfp_t gfp_flags)
 106 {
 107         struct bio *bio;
 108
 109         bio = bio_alloc(gfp_flags, nr_vecs);
 110
 111         if (bio == NULL && (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)) {
 112                 while (!bio && (nr_vecs /= 2))
 113                         bio = bio_alloc(gfp_flags, nr_vecs);
 114         }
 115
 116         if (bio) {
 117                 bio->bi_bdev = bdev;
 118                 bio->bi_sector = first_sector;
 119         }
 120         return bio;
 121 }
 122
 123 /*
 124  * support function for mpage_readpages.  The fs supplied get_block might
 125  * return an up to date buffer.  This is used to map that buffer into
 126  * the page, which allows readpage to avoid triggering a duplicate call
 127  * to get_block.
 128  *
 129  * The idea is to avoid adding buffers to pages that don't already have
 130  * them.  So when the buffer is up to date and the page size == block size,
 131  * this marks the page up to date instead of adding new buffers.
 132  */
 133 static void
 134 map_buffer_to_page(struct page *page, struct buffer_head *bh, int page_block)
 135 {
 136         struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
 137         struct buffer_head *page_bh, *head;
 138         int block = 0;
 139
 140         if (!page_has_buffers(page)) {
 141                 /*
 142                  * don't make any buffers if there is only one buffer on
 143                  * the page and the page just needs to be set up to date
 144                  */
 145                 if (inode->i_blkbits == PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT &&
 146                     buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
 147                         SetPageUptodate(page);
 148                         return;
 149                 }
 150                 create_empty_buffers(page, 1 << inode->i_blkbits, 0);
 151         }
 152         head = page_buffers(page);
 153         page_bh = head;
 154         do {
 155                 if (block == page_block) {
 156                         page_bh->b_state = bh->b_state;
 157                         page_bh->b_bdev = bh->b_bdev;
 158                         page_bh->b_blocknr = bh->b_blocknr;
 159                         break;
 160                 }
 161                 page_bh = page_bh->b_this_page;
 162                 block++;
 163         } while (page_bh != head);
 164 }
 165
 166 /*
 167  * This is the worker routine which does all the work of mapping the disk
 168  * blocks and constructs largest possible bios, submits them for IO if the
 169  * blocks are not contiguous on the disk.
 170  *
 171  * We pass a buffer_head back and forth and use its buffer_mapped() flag to
 172  * represent the validity of its disk mapping and to decide when to do the next
 173  * get_block() call.
 174  */
 175 static struct bio *
 176 do_mpage_readpage(struct bio *bio, struct page *page, unsigned nr_pages,
 177                 sector_t *last_block_in_bio, struct buffer_head *map_bh,
 178                 unsigned long *first_logical_block, get_block_t get_block)
 179 {
 180         struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
 181         const unsigned blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
 182         const unsigned blocks_per_page = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE >> blkbits;
 183         const unsigned blocksize = 1 << blkbits;
 184         sector_t block_in_file;
 185         sector_t last_block;
 186         sector_t last_block_in_file;
 187         sector_t blocks[MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE];
 188         unsigned page_block;
 189         unsigned first_hole = blocks_per_page;
 190         struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
 191         int length;
 192         int fully_mapped = 1;
 193         unsigned nblocks;
 194         unsigned relative_block;
 195
 196         if (page_has_buffers(page))
 197                 goto confused;
 198
 199         block_in_file = (sector_t)page->index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - blkbits);
 200         last_block = block_in_file + nr_pages * blocks_per_page;
 201         last_block_in_file = (i_size_read(inode) + blocksize - 1) >> blkbits;
 202         if (last_block > last_block_in_file)
 203                 last_block = last_block_in_file;
 204         page_block = 0;
 205
 206         /*
 207          * Map blocks using the result from the previous get_blocks call first.
 208          */
 209         nblocks = map_bh->b_size >> blkbits;
 210         if (buffer_mapped(map_bh) && block_in_file > *first_logical_block &&
 211                         block_in_file < (*first_logical_block + nblocks)) {
 212                 unsigned map_offset = block_in_file - *first_logical_block;
 213                 unsigned last = nblocks - map_offset;
 214
 215                 for (relative_block = 0; ; relative_block++) {
 216                         if (relative_block == last) {
 217                                 clear_buffer_mapped(map_bh);
 218                                 break;
 219                         }
 220                         if (page_block == blocks_per_page)
 221                                 break;
 222                         blocks[page_block] = map_bh->b_blocknr + map_offset +
 223                                                 relative_block;
 224                         page_block++;
 225                         block_in_file++;
 226                 }
 227                 bdev = map_bh->b_bdev;
 228         }
 229
 230         /*
 231          * Then do more get_blocks calls until we are done with this page.
 232          */
 233         map_bh->b_page = page;
 234         while (page_block < blocks_per_page) {
 235                 map_bh->b_state = 0;
 236                 map_bh->b_size = 0;
 237
 238                 if (block_in_file < last_block) {
 239                         map_bh->b_size = (last_block-block_in_file) << blkbits;
 240                         if (get_block(inode, block_in_file, map_bh, 0))
 241                                 goto confused;
 242                         *first_logical_block = block_in_file;
 243                 }
 244
 245                 if (!buffer_mapped(map_bh)) {
 246                         fully_mapped = 0;
 247                         if (first_hole == blocks_per_page)
 248                                 first_hole = page_block;
 249                         page_block++;
 250                         block_in_file++;
 251                         clear_buffer_mapped(map_bh);
 252                         continue;
 253                 }
 254
 255                 /* some filesystems will copy data into the page during
 256                  * the get_block call, in which case we don't want to
 257                  * read it again.  map_buffer_to_page copies the data
 258                  * we just collected from get_block into the page's buffers
 259                  * so readpage doesn't have to repeat the get_block call
 260                  */
 261                 if (buffer_uptodate(map_bh)) {
 262                         map_buffer_to_page(page, map_bh, page_block);
 263                         goto confused;
 264                 }
 265
 266                 if (first_hole != blocks_per_page)
 267                         goto confused;          /* hole -> non-hole */
 268
 269                 /* Contiguous blocks? */
 270                 if (page_block && blocks[page_block-1] != map_bh->b_blocknr-1)
 271                         goto confused;
 272                 nblocks = map_bh->b_size >> blkbits;
 273                 for (relative_block = 0; ; relative_block++) {
 274                         if (relative_block == nblocks) {
 275                                 clear_buffer_mapped(map_bh);
 276                                 break;
 277                         } else if (page_block == blocks_per_page)
 278                                 break;
 279                         blocks[page_block] = map_bh->b_blocknr+relative_block;
 280                         page_block++;
 281                         block_in_file++;
 282                 }
 283                 bdev = map_bh->b_bdev;
 284         }
 285
 286         if (first_hole != blocks_per_page) {
 287                 zero_user_page(page, first_hole << blkbits,
 288                                 PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - (first_hole << blkbits),
 289                                 KM_USER0);
 290                 if (first_hole == 0) {
 291                         SetPageUptodate(page);
 292                         unlock_page(page);
 293                         goto out;
 294                 }
 295         } else if (fully_mapped) {
 296                 SetPageMappedToDisk(page);
 297         }
 298
 299         /*
 300          * This page will go to BIO.  Do we need to send this BIO off first?
 301          */
 302         if (bio && (*last_block_in_bio != blocks[0] - 1))
 303                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio);
 304
 305 alloc_new:
 306         if (bio == NULL) {
 307                 bio = mpage_alloc(bdev, blocks[0] << (blkbits - 9),
 308                                 min_t(int, nr_pages, bio_get_nr_vecs(bdev)),
 309                                 GFP_KERNEL);
 310                 if (bio == NULL)
 311                         goto confused;
 312         }
 313
 314         length = first_hole << blkbits;
 315         if (bio_add_page(bio, page, length, 0) < length) {
 316                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio);
 317                 goto alloc_new;
 318         }
 319
 320         if (buffer_boundary(map_bh) || (first_hole != blocks_per_page))
 321                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio);
 322         else
 323                 *last_block_in_bio = blocks[blocks_per_page - 1];
 324 out:
 325         return bio;
 326
 327 confused:
 328         if (bio)
 329                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio);
 330         if (!PageUptodate(page))
 331                 block_read_full_page(page, get_block);
 332         else
 333                 unlock_page(page);
 334         goto out;
 335 }
 336
 337 /**
 338  * mpage_readpages - populate an address space with some pages, and
 339  *                       start reads against them.
 340  *
 341  * @mapping: the address_space
 342  * @pages: The address of a list_head which contains the target pages.  These
 343  *   pages have their ->index populated and are otherwise uninitialised.
 344  *
 345  *   The page at @pages->prev has the lowest file offset, and reads should be
 346  *   issued in @pages->prev to @pages->next order.
 347  *
 348  * @nr_pages: The number of pages at *@pages
 349  * @get_block: The filesystem's block mapper function.
 350  *
 351  * This function walks the pages and the blocks within each page, building and
 352  * emitting large BIOs.
 353  *
 354  * If anything unusual happens, such as:
 355  *
 356  * - encountering a page which has buffers
 357  * - encountering a page which has a non-hole after a hole
 358  * - encountering a page with non-contiguous blocks
 359  *
 360  * then this code just gives up and calls the buffer_head-based read function.
 361  * It does handle a page which has holes at the end - that is a common case:
 362  * the end-of-file on blocksize < PAGE_CACHE_SIZE setups.
 363  *
 364  * BH_Boundary explanation:
 365  *
 366  * There is a problem.  The mpage read code assembles several pages, gets all
 367  * their disk mappings, and then submits them all.  That's fine, but obtaining
 368  * the disk mappings may require I/O.  Reads of indirect blocks, for example.
 369  *
 370  * So an mpage read of the first 16 blocks of an ext2 file will cause I/O to be
 371  * submitted in the following order:
 372  *      12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16
 373  * because the indirect block has to be read to get the mappings of blocks
 374  * 13,14,15,16.  Obviously, this impacts performance.
 375  *
 376  * So what we do it to allow the filesystem's get_block() function to set
 377  * BH_Boundary when it maps block 11.  BH_Boundary says: mapping of the block
 378  * after this one will require I/O against a block which is probably close to
 379  * this one.  So you should push what I/O you have currently accumulated.
 380  *
 381  * This all causes the disk requests to be issued in the correct order.
 382  */
 383 int
 384 mpage_readpages(struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages,
 385                                 unsigned nr_pages, get_block_t get_block)
 386 {
 387         struct bio *bio = NULL;
 388         unsigned page_idx;
 389         sector_t last_block_in_bio = 0;
 390         struct pagevec lru_pvec;
 391         struct buffer_head map_bh;
 392         unsigned long first_logical_block = 0;
 393
 394         clear_buffer_mapped(&map_bh);
 395         pagevec_init(&lru_pvec, 0);
 396         for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_pages; page_idx++) {
 397                 struct page *page = list_entry(pages->prev, struct page, lru);
 398
 399                 prefetchw(&page->flags);
 400                 list_del(&page->lru);
 401                 if (!add_to_page_cache(page, mapping,
 402                                         page->index, GFP_KERNEL)) {
 403                         bio = do_mpage_readpage(bio, page,
 404                                         nr_pages - page_idx,
 405                                         &last_block_in_bio, &map_bh,
 406                                         &first_logical_block,
 407                                         get_block);
 408                         if (!pagevec_add(&lru_pvec, page))
 409                                 __pagevec_lru_add(&lru_pvec);
 410                 } else {
 411                         page_cache_release(page);
 412                 }
 413         }
 414         pagevec_lru_add(&lru_pvec);
 415         BUG_ON(!list_empty(pages));
 416         if (bio)
 417                 mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio);
 418         return 0;
 419 }
 420 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mpage_readpages);
 421
 422 /*
 423  * This isn't called much at all
 424  */
 425 int mpage_readpage(struct page *page, get_block_t get_block)
 426 {
 427         struct bio *bio = NULL;
 428         sector_t last_block_in_bio = 0;
 429         struct buffer_head map_bh;
 430         unsigned long first_logical_block = 0;
 431
 432         clear_buffer_mapped(&map_bh);
 433         bio = do_mpage_readpage(bio, page, 1, &last_block_in_bio,
 434                         &map_bh, &first_logical_block, get_block);
 435         if (bio)
 436                 mpage_bio_submit(READ, bio);
 437         return 0;
 438 }
 439 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mpage_readpage);
 440
 441 /*
 442  * Writing is not so simple.
 443  *
 444  * If the page has buffers then they will be used for obtaining the disk
 445  * mapping.  We only support pages which are fully mapped-and-dirty, with a
 446  * special case for pages which are unmapped at the end: end-of-file.
 447  *
 448  * If the page has no buffers (preferred) then the page is mapped here.
 449  *
 450  * If all blocks are found to be contiguous then the page can go into the
 451  * BIO.  Otherwise fall back to the mapping's writepage().
 452  *
 453  * FIXME: This code wants an estimate of how many pages are still to be
 454  * written, so it can intelligently allocate a suitably-sized BIO.  For now,
 455  * just allocate full-size (16-page) BIOs.
 456  */
 457 struct mpage_data {
 458         struct bio *bio;
 459         sector_t last_block_in_bio;
 460         get_block_t *get_block;
 461         unsigned use_writepage;
 462 };
 463
 464 static int __mpage_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
 465                              void *data)
 466 {
 467         struct mpage_data *mpd = data;
 468         struct bio *bio = mpd->bio;
 469         struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;
 470         struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
 471         const unsigned blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
 472         unsigned long end_index;
 473         const unsigned blocks_per_page = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE >> blkbits;
 474         sector_t last_block;
 475         sector_t block_in_file;
 476         sector_t blocks[MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE];
 477         unsigned page_block;
 478         unsigned first_unmapped = blocks_per_page;
 479         struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
 480         int boundary = 0;
 481         sector_t boundary_block = 0;
 482         struct block_device *boundary_bdev = NULL;
 483         int length;
 484         struct buffer_head map_bh;
 485         loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
 486         int ret = 0;
 487
 488         if (page_has_buffers(page)) {
 489                 struct buffer_head *head = page_buffers(page);
 490                 struct buffer_head *bh = head;
 491
 492                 /* If they're all mapped and dirty, do it */
 493                 page_block = 0;
 494                 do {
 495                         BUG_ON(buffer_locked(bh));
 496                         if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) {
 497                                 /*
 498                                  * unmapped dirty buffers are created by
 499                                  * __set_page_dirty_buffers -> mmapped data
 500                                  */
 501                                 if (buffer_dirty(bh))
 502                                         goto confused;
 503                                 if (first_unmapped == blocks_per_page)
 504                                         first_unmapped = page_block;
 505                                 continue;
 506                         }
 507
 508                         if (first_unmapped != blocks_per_page)
 509                                 goto confused;  /* hole -> non-hole */
 510
 511                         if (!buffer_dirty(bh) || !buffer_uptodate(bh))
 512                                 goto confused;
 513                         if (page_block) {
 514                                 if (bh->b_blocknr != blocks[page_block-1] + 1)
 515                                         goto confused;
 516                         }
 517                         blocks[page_block++] = bh->b_blocknr;
 518                         boundary = buffer_boundary(bh);
 519                         if (boundary) {
 520                                 boundary_block = bh->b_blocknr;
 521                                 boundary_bdev = bh->b_bdev;
 522                         }
 523                         bdev = bh->b_bdev;
 524                 } while ((bh = bh->b_this_page) != head);
 525
 526                 if (first_unmapped)
 527                         goto page_is_mapped;
 528
 529                 /*
 530                  * Page has buffers, but they are all unmapped. The page was
 531                  * created by pagein or read over a hole which was handled by
 532                  * block_read_full_page().  If this address_space is also
 533                  * using mpage_readpages then this can rarely happen.
 534                  */
 535                 goto confused;
 536         }
 537
 538         /*
 539          * The page has no buffers: map it to disk
 540          */
 541         BUG_ON(!PageUptodate(page));
 542         block_in_file = (sector_t)page->index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - blkbits);
 543         last_block = (i_size - 1) >> blkbits;
 544         map_bh.b_page = page;
 545         for (page_block = 0; page_block < blocks_per_page; ) {
 546
 547                 map_bh.b_state = 0;
 548                 map_bh.b_size = 1 << blkbits;
 549                 if (mpd->get_block(inode, block_in_file, &map_bh, 1))
 550                         goto confused;
 551                 if (buffer_new(&map_bh))
 552                         unmap_underlying_metadata(map_bh.b_bdev,
 553                                                 map_bh.b_blocknr);
 554                 if (buffer_boundary(&map_bh)) {
 555                         boundary_block = map_bh.b_blocknr;
 556                         boundary_bdev = map_bh.b_bdev;
 557                 }
 558                 if (page_block) {
 559                         if (map_bh.b_blocknr != blocks[page_block-1] + 1)
 560                                 goto confused;
 561                 }
 562                 blocks[page_block++] = map_bh.b_blocknr;
 563                 boundary = buffer_boundary(&map_bh);
 564                 bdev = map_bh.b_bdev;
 565                 if (block_in_file == last_block)
 566                         break;
 567                 block_in_file++;
 568         }
 569         BUG_ON(page_block == 0);
 570
 571         first_unmapped = page_block;
 572
 573 page_is_mapped:
 574         end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
 575         if (page->index >= end_index) {
 576                 /*
 577                  * The page straddles i_size.  It must be zeroed out on each
 578                  * and every writepage invokation because it may be mmapped.
 579                  * "A file is mapped in multiples of the page size.  For a file
 580                  * that is not a multiple of the page size, the remaining memory
 581                  * is zeroed when mapped, and writes to that region are not
 582                  * written out to the file."
 583                  */
 584                 unsigned offset = i_size & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
 585
 586                 if (page->index > end_index || !offset)
 587                         goto confused;
 588                 zero_user_page(page, offset, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - offset,
 589                                 KM_USER0);
 590         }
 591
 592         /*
 593          * This page will go to BIO.  Do we need to send this BIO off first?
 594          */
 595         if (bio && mpd->last_block_in_bio != blocks[0] - 1)
 596                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(WRITE, bio);
 597
 598 alloc_new:
 599         if (bio == NULL) {
 600                 bio = mpage_alloc(bdev, blocks[0] << (blkbits - 9),
 601                                 bio_get_nr_vecs(bdev), GFP_NOFS|__GFP_HIGH);
 602                 if (bio == NULL)
 603                         goto confused;
 604         }
 605
 606         /*
 607          * Must try to add the page before marking the buffer clean or
 608          * the confused fail path above (OOM) will be very confused when
 609          * it finds all bh marked clean (i.e. it will not write anything)
 610          */
 611         length = first_unmapped << blkbits;
 612         if (bio_add_page(bio, page, length, 0) < length) {
 613                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(WRITE, bio);
 614                 goto alloc_new;
 615         }
 616
 617         /*
 618          * OK, we have our BIO, so we can now mark the buffers clean.  Make
 619          * sure to only clean buffers which we know we'll be writing.
 620          */
 621         if (page_has_buffers(page)) {
 622                 struct buffer_head *head = page_buffers(page);
 623                 struct buffer_head *bh = head;
 624                 unsigned buffer_counter = 0;
 625
 626                 do {
 627                         if (buffer_counter++ == first_unmapped)
 628                                 break;
 629                         clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
 630                         bh = bh->b_this_page;
 631                 } while (bh != head);
 632
 633                 /*
 634                  * we cannot drop the bh if the page is not uptodate
 635                  * or a concurrent readpage would fail to serialize with the bh
 636                  * and it would read from disk before we reach the platter.
 637                  */
 638                 if (buffer_heads_over_limit && PageUptodate(page))
 639                         try_to_free_buffers(page);
 640         }
 641
 642         BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
 643         set_page_writeback(page);
 644         unlock_page(page);
 645         if (boundary || (first_unmapped != blocks_per_page)) {
 646                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(WRITE, bio);
 647                 if (boundary_block) {
 648                         write_boundary_block(boundary_bdev,
 649                                         boundary_block, 1 << blkbits);
 650                 }
 651         } else {
 652                 mpd->last_block_in_bio = blocks[blocks_per_page - 1];
 653         }
 654         goto out;
 655
 656 confused:
 657         if (bio)
 658                 bio = mpage_bio_submit(WRITE, bio);
 659
 660         if (mpd->use_writepage) {
 661                 ret = mapping->a_ops->writepage(page, wbc);
 662         } else {
 663                 ret = -EAGAIN;
 664                 goto out;
 665         }
 666         /*
 667          * The caller has a ref on the inode, so *mapping is stable
 668          */
 669         mapping_set_error(mapping, ret);
 670 out:
 671         mpd->bio = bio;
 672         return ret;
 673 }
 674
 675 /**
 676  * mpage_writepages - walk the list of dirty pages of the given
 677  * address space and writepage() all of them.
 678  *
 679  * @mapping: address space structure to write
 680  * @wbc: subtract the number of written pages from *@wbc->nr_to_write
 681  * @get_block: the filesystem's block mapper function.
 682  *             If this is NULL then use a_ops->writepage.  Otherwise, go
 683  *             direct-to-BIO.
 684  *
 685  * This is a library function, which implements the writepages()
 686  * address_space_operation.
 687  *
 688  * If a page is already under I/O, generic_writepages() skips it, even
 689  * if it's dirty.  This is desirable behaviour for memory-cleaning writeback,
 690  * but it is INCORRECT for data-integrity system calls such as fsync().  fsync()
 691  * and msync() need to guarantee that all the data which was dirty at the time
 692  * the call was made get new I/O started against them.  If wbc->sync_mode is
 693  * WB_SYNC_ALL then we were called for data integrity and we must wait for
 694  * existing IO to complete.
 695  */
 696 int
 697 mpage_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 698                 struct writeback_control *wbc, get_block_t get_block)
 699 {
 700         int ret;
 701
 702         if (!get_block)
 703                 ret = generic_writepages(mapping, wbc);
 704         else {
 705                 struct mpage_data mpd = {
 706                         .bio = NULL,
 707                         .last_block_in_bio = 0,
 708                         .get_block = get_block,
 709                         .use_writepage = 1,
 710                 };
 711
 712                 ret = write_cache_pages(mapping, wbc, __mpage_writepage, &mpd);
 713                 if (mpd.bio)
 714                         mpage_bio_submit(WRITE, mpd.bio);
 715         }
 716         return ret;
 717 }
 718 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mpage_writepages);
 719
 720 int mpage_writepage(struct page *page, get_block_t get_block,
 721         struct writeback_control *wbc)
 722 {
 723         struct mpage_data mpd = {
 724                 .bio = NULL,
 725                 .last_block_in_bio = 0,
 726                 .get_block = get_block,
 727                 .use_writepage = 0,
 728         };
 729         int ret = __mpage_writepage(page, wbc, &mpd);
 730         if (mpd.bio)
 731                 mpage_bio_submit(WRITE, mpd.bio);
 732         return ret;
 733 }
 734 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mpage_writepage);