2 * CUSE: Character device in Userspace
4 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
5 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
7 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
9 * CUSE enables character devices to be implemented from userland much
10 * like FUSE allows filesystems. On initialization /dev/cuse is
11 * created. By opening the file and replying to the CUSE_INIT request
12 * userland CUSE server can create a character device. After that the
13 * operation is very similar to FUSE.
15 * A CUSE instance involves the following objects.
17 * cuse_conn : contains fuse_conn and serves as bonding structure
18 * channel : file handle connected to the userland CUSE server
19 * cdev : the implemented character device
20 * dev : generic device for cdev
22 * Note that 'channel' is what 'dev' is in FUSE. As CUSE deals with
23 * devices, it's called 'channel' to reduce confusion.
25 * channel determines when the character device dies. When channel is
26 * closed, everything begins to destruct. The cuse_conn is taken off
27 * the lookup table preventing further access from cdev, cdev and
28 * generic device are removed and the base reference of cuse_conn is
31 * On each open, the matching cuse_conn is looked up and if found an
32 * additional reference is taken which is released when the file is
36 #include <linux/fuse.h>
37 #include <linux/cdev.h>
38 #include <linux/device.h>
39 #include <linux/file.h>
41 #include <linux/aio.h>
42 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
43 #include <linux/kthread.h>
44 #include <linux/list.h>
45 #include <linux/magic.h>
46 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
47 #include <linux/mutex.h>
48 #include <linux/slab.h>
49 #include <linux/stat.h>
50 #include <linux/module.h>
54 #define CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN 64
57 struct list_head list; /* linked on cuse_conntbl */
58 struct fuse_conn fc; /* fuse connection */
59 struct cdev *cdev; /* associated character device */
60 struct device *dev; /* device representing @cdev */
62 /* init parameters, set once during initialization */
63 bool unrestricted_ioctl;
66 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cuse_lock); /* protects registration */
67 static struct list_head cuse_conntbl[CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
68 static struct class *cuse_class;
70 static struct cuse_conn *fc_to_cc(struct fuse_conn *fc)
72 return container_of(fc, struct cuse_conn, fc);
75 static struct list_head *cuse_conntbl_head(dev_t devt)
77 return &cuse_conntbl[(MAJOR(devt) + MINOR(devt)) % CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
81 /**************************************************************************
82 * CUSE frontend operations
84 * These are file operations for the character device.
86 * On open, CUSE opens a file from the FUSE mnt and stores it to
87 * private_data of the open file. All other ops call FUSE ops on the
91 static ssize_t cuse_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
95 struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = buf, .iov_len = count };
96 struct fuse_io_priv io = { .async = 0, .file = file };
98 return fuse_direct_io(&io, &iov, 1, count, &pos, 0);
101 static ssize_t cuse_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
102 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
105 struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = (void __user *)buf, .iov_len = count };
106 struct fuse_io_priv io = { .async = 0, .file = file };
109 * No locking or generic_write_checks(), the server is
110 * responsible for locking and sanity checks.
112 return fuse_direct_io(&io, &iov, 1, count, &pos, 1);
115 static int cuse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
117 dev_t devt = inode->i_cdev->dev;
118 struct cuse_conn *cc = NULL, *pos;
121 /* look up and get the connection */
122 mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
123 list_for_each_entry(pos, cuse_conntbl_head(devt), list)
124 if (pos->dev->devt == devt) {
125 fuse_conn_get(&pos->fc);
129 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
136 * Generic permission check is already done against the chrdev
137 * file, proceed to open.
139 rc = fuse_do_open(&cc->fc, 0, file, 0);
141 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
145 static int cuse_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
147 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
148 struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fc;
150 fuse_sync_release(ff, file->f_flags);
156 static long cuse_file_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
159 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
160 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
161 unsigned int flags = 0;
163 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
164 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
166 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
169 static long cuse_file_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
172 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
173 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
174 unsigned int flags = FUSE_IOCTL_COMPAT;
176 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
177 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
179 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
182 static const struct file_operations cuse_frontend_fops = {
183 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
187 .release = cuse_release,
188 .unlocked_ioctl = cuse_file_ioctl,
189 .compat_ioctl = cuse_file_compat_ioctl,
190 .poll = fuse_file_poll,
191 .llseek = noop_llseek,
195 /**************************************************************************
196 * CUSE channel initialization and destruction
199 struct cuse_devinfo {
204 * cuse_parse_one - parse one key=value pair
205 * @pp: i/o parameter for the current position
206 * @end: points to one past the end of the packed string
207 * @keyp: out parameter for key
208 * @valp: out parameter for value
210 * *@pp points to packed strings - "key0=val0\0key1=val1\0" which ends
211 * at @end - 1. This function parses one pair and set *@keyp to the
212 * start of the key and *@valp to the start of the value. Note that
213 * the original string is modified such that the key string is
214 * terminated with '\0'. *@pp is updated to point to the next string.
217 * 1 on successful parse, 0 on EOF, -errno on failure.
219 static int cuse_parse_one(char **pp, char *end, char **keyp, char **valp)
224 while (p < end && *p == '\0')
229 if (end[-1] != '\0') {
230 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: info not properly terminated\n");
240 val = key + strlen(key);
247 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: zero length info key specified\n");
260 * cuse_parse_dev_info - parse device info
261 * @p: device info string
262 * @len: length of device info string
263 * @devinfo: out parameter for parsed device info
265 * Parse @p to extract device info and store it into @devinfo. String
266 * pointed to by @p is modified by parsing and @devinfo points into
267 * them, so @p shouldn't be freed while @devinfo is in use.
270 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
272 static int cuse_parse_devinfo(char *p, size_t len, struct cuse_devinfo *devinfo)
275 char *uninitialized_var(key), *uninitialized_var(val);
279 rc = cuse_parse_one(&p, end, &key, &val);
284 if (strcmp(key, "DEVNAME") == 0)
287 printk(KERN_WARNING "CUSE: unknown device info \"%s\"\n",
291 if (!devinfo->name || !strlen(devinfo->name)) {
292 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: DEVNAME unspecified\n");
299 static void cuse_gendev_release(struct device *dev)
305 * cuse_process_init_reply - finish initializing CUSE channel
307 * This function creates the character device and sets up all the
308 * required data structures for it. Please read the comment at the
309 * top of this file for high level overview.
311 static void cuse_process_init_reply(struct fuse_conn *fc, struct fuse_req *req)
313 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc), *pos;
314 struct cuse_init_out *arg = req->out.args[0].value;
315 struct page *page = req->pages[0];
316 struct cuse_devinfo devinfo = { };
322 if (req->out.h.error ||
323 arg->major != FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION || arg->minor < 11) {
327 fc->minor = arg->minor;
328 fc->max_read = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_read, 4096);
329 fc->max_write = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_write, 4096);
331 /* parse init reply */
332 cc->unrestricted_ioctl = arg->flags & CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
334 rc = cuse_parse_devinfo(page_address(page), req->out.args[1].size,
339 /* determine and reserve devt */
340 devt = MKDEV(arg->dev_major, arg->dev_minor);
342 rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&devt, MINOR(devt), 1, devinfo.name);
344 rc = register_chrdev_region(devt, 1, devinfo.name);
346 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: failed to register chrdev region\n");
350 /* devt determined, create device */
352 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
356 device_initialize(dev);
357 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 1);
358 dev->class = cuse_class;
360 dev->release = cuse_gendev_release;
361 dev_set_drvdata(dev, cc);
362 dev_set_name(dev, "%s", devinfo.name);
364 mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
366 /* make sure the device-name is unique */
367 for (i = 0; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; ++i) {
368 list_for_each_entry(pos, &cuse_conntbl[i], list)
369 if (!strcmp(dev_name(pos->dev), dev_name(dev)))
373 rc = device_add(dev);
383 cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
384 cdev->ops = &cuse_frontend_fops;
386 rc = cdev_add(cdev, devt, 1);
393 /* make the device available */
394 list_add(&cc->list, cuse_conntbl_head(devt));
395 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
397 /* announce device availability */
398 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 0);
399 kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
408 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
411 unregister_chrdev_region(devt, 1);
417 static int cuse_send_init(struct cuse_conn *cc)
420 struct fuse_req *req;
422 struct fuse_conn *fc = &cc->fc;
423 struct cuse_init_in *arg;
426 BUILD_BUG_ON(CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX > PAGE_SIZE);
428 req = fuse_get_req_for_background(fc, 1);
435 page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
439 outarg = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cuse_init_out), GFP_KERNEL);
443 arg = &req->misc.cuse_init_in;
444 arg->major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
445 arg->minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
446 arg->flags |= CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
447 req->in.h.opcode = CUSE_INIT;
449 req->in.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_in);
450 req->in.args[0].value = arg;
451 req->out.numargs = 2;
452 req->out.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_out);
453 req->out.args[0].value = outarg;
454 req->out.args[1].size = CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX;
456 req->out.argpages = 1;
457 req->pages[0] = page;
458 req->page_descs[0].length = req->out.args[1].size;
460 req->end = cuse_process_init_reply;
461 fuse_request_send_background(fc, req);
468 fuse_put_request(fc, req);
473 static void cuse_fc_release(struct fuse_conn *fc)
475 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc);
480 * cuse_channel_open - open method for /dev/cuse
481 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
482 * @file: file struct being opened
484 * Userland CUSE server can create a CUSE device by opening /dev/cuse
485 * and replying to the initialization request kernel sends. This
486 * function is responsible for handling CUSE device initialization.
487 * Because the fd opened by this function is used during
488 * initialization, this function only creates cuse_conn and sends
489 * init. The rest is delegated to a kthread.
492 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
494 static int cuse_channel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
496 struct cuse_conn *cc;
499 /* set up cuse_conn */
500 cc = kzalloc(sizeof(*cc), GFP_KERNEL);
504 fuse_conn_init(&cc->fc);
506 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->list);
507 cc->fc.release = cuse_fc_release;
509 cc->fc.connected = 1;
510 cc->fc.initialized = 1;
511 rc = cuse_send_init(cc);
513 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
516 file->private_data = &cc->fc; /* channel owns base reference to cc */
522 * cuse_channel_release - release method for /dev/cuse
523 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
524 * @file: file struct being closed
526 * Disconnect the channel, deregister CUSE device and initiate
527 * destruction by putting the default reference.
530 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
532 static int cuse_channel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
534 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(file->private_data);
537 /* remove from the conntbl, no more access from this point on */
538 mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
539 list_del_init(&cc->list);
540 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
544 device_unregister(cc->dev);
546 unregister_chrdev_region(cc->cdev->dev, 1);
550 rc = fuse_dev_release(inode, file); /* puts the base reference */
555 static struct file_operations cuse_channel_fops; /* initialized during init */
558 /**************************************************************************
559 * Misc stuff and module initializatiion
561 * CUSE exports the same set of attributes to sysfs as fusectl.
564 static ssize_t cuse_class_waiting_show(struct device *dev,
565 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
567 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
569 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", atomic_read(&cc->fc.num_waiting));
571 static DEVICE_ATTR(waiting, S_IFREG | 0400, cuse_class_waiting_show, NULL);
573 static ssize_t cuse_class_abort_store(struct device *dev,
574 struct device_attribute *attr,
575 const char *buf, size_t count)
577 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
579 fuse_abort_conn(&cc->fc);
582 static DEVICE_ATTR(abort, S_IFREG | 0200, NULL, cuse_class_abort_store);
584 static struct attribute *cuse_class_dev_attrs[] = {
585 &dev_attr_waiting.attr,
586 &dev_attr_abort.attr,
589 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(cuse_class_dev);
591 static struct miscdevice cuse_miscdev = {
592 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
594 .fops = &cuse_channel_fops,
597 static int __init cuse_init(void)
602 for (i = 0; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; i++)
603 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cuse_conntbl[i]);
605 /* inherit and extend fuse_dev_operations */
606 cuse_channel_fops = fuse_dev_operations;
607 cuse_channel_fops.owner = THIS_MODULE;
608 cuse_channel_fops.open = cuse_channel_open;
609 cuse_channel_fops.release = cuse_channel_release;
611 cuse_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "cuse");
612 if (IS_ERR(cuse_class))
613 return PTR_ERR(cuse_class);
615 cuse_class->dev_groups = cuse_class_dev_groups;
617 rc = misc_register(&cuse_miscdev);
619 class_destroy(cuse_class);
626 static void __exit cuse_exit(void)
628 misc_deregister(&cuse_miscdev);
629 class_destroy(cuse_class);
632 module_init(cuse_init);
633 module_exit(cuse_exit);
635 MODULE_AUTHOR("Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>");
636 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Character device in Userspace");
637 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");