2 * linux/fs/file_table.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 1997 David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu)
8 #include <linux/string.h>
9 #include <linux/slab.h>
10 #include <linux/file.h>
11 #include <linux/fdtable.h>
12 #include <linux/init.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/security.h>
16 #include <linux/cred.h>
17 #include <linux/eventpoll.h>
18 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
19 #include <linux/mount.h>
20 #include <linux/capability.h>
21 #include <linux/cdev.h>
22 #include <linux/fsnotify.h>
23 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
24 #include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
25 #include <linux/percpu.h>
26 #include <linux/task_work.h>
27 #include <linux/ima.h>
28 #include <linux/swap.h>
30 #include <linux/atomic.h>
34 /* sysctl tunables... */
35 struct files_stat_struct files_stat = {
39 /* SLAB cache for file structures */
40 static struct kmem_cache *filp_cachep __read_mostly;
42 static struct percpu_counter nr_files __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
44 static void file_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
46 struct file *f = container_of(head, struct file, f_u.fu_rcuhead);
49 kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
52 static inline void file_free(struct file *f)
54 security_file_free(f);
55 if (!(f->f_mode & FMODE_NOACCOUNT))
56 percpu_counter_dec(&nr_files);
57 call_rcu(&f->f_u.fu_rcuhead, file_free_rcu);
61 * Return the total number of open files in the system
63 static long get_nr_files(void)
65 return percpu_counter_read_positive(&nr_files);
69 * Return the maximum number of open files in the system
71 unsigned long get_max_files(void)
73 return files_stat.max_files;
75 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_max_files);
78 * Handle nr_files sysctl
80 #if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS)
81 int proc_nr_files(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
82 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
84 files_stat.nr_files = get_nr_files();
85 return proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
88 int proc_nr_files(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
89 void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
95 static struct file *__alloc_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
100 f = kmem_cache_zalloc(filp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
102 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
104 f->f_cred = get_cred(cred);
105 error = security_file_alloc(f);
106 if (unlikely(error)) {
107 file_free_rcu(&f->f_u.fu_rcuhead);
108 return ERR_PTR(error);
111 atomic_long_set(&f->f_count, 1);
112 rwlock_init(&f->f_owner.lock);
113 spin_lock_init(&f->f_lock);
114 mutex_init(&f->f_pos_lock);
115 eventpoll_init_file(f);
117 f->f_mode = OPEN_FMODE(flags);
118 /* f->f_version: 0 */
123 /* Find an unused file structure and return a pointer to it.
124 * Returns an error pointer if some error happend e.g. we over file
125 * structures limit, run out of memory or operation is not permitted.
127 * Be very careful using this. You are responsible for
128 * getting write access to any mount that you might assign
129 * to this filp, if it is opened for write. If this is not
130 * done, you will imbalance int the mount's writer count
131 * and a warning at __fput() time.
133 struct file *alloc_empty_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
139 * Privileged users can go above max_files
141 if (get_nr_files() >= files_stat.max_files && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
143 * percpu_counters are inaccurate. Do an expensive check before
146 if (percpu_counter_sum_positive(&nr_files) >= files_stat.max_files)
150 f = __alloc_file(flags, cred);
152 percpu_counter_inc(&nr_files);
157 /* Ran out of filps - report that */
158 if (get_nr_files() > old_max) {
159 pr_info("VFS: file-max limit %lu reached\n", get_max_files());
160 old_max = get_nr_files();
162 return ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
166 * Variant of alloc_empty_file() that doesn't check and modify nr_files.
168 * Should not be used unless there's a very good reason to do so.
170 struct file *alloc_empty_file_noaccount(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
172 struct file *f = __alloc_file(flags, cred);
175 f->f_mode |= FMODE_NOACCOUNT;
181 * alloc_file - allocate and initialize a 'struct file'
183 * @path: the (dentry, vfsmount) pair for the new file
184 * @flags: O_... flags with which the new file will be opened
185 * @fop: the 'struct file_operations' for the new file
187 static struct file *alloc_file(const struct path *path, int flags,
188 const struct file_operations *fop)
192 file = alloc_empty_file(flags, current_cred());
196 file->f_path = *path;
197 file->f_inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
198 file->f_mapping = path->dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
199 file->f_wb_err = filemap_sample_wb_err(file->f_mapping);
200 if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) &&
201 likely(fop->read || fop->read_iter))
202 file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_READ;
203 if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) &&
204 likely(fop->write || fop->write_iter))
205 file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_WRITE;
206 file->f_mode |= FMODE_OPENED;
208 if ((file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
209 i_readcount_inc(path->dentry->d_inode);
213 struct file *alloc_file_pseudo(struct inode *inode, struct vfsmount *mnt,
214 const char *name, int flags,
215 const struct file_operations *fops)
217 static const struct dentry_operations anon_ops = {
218 .d_dname = simple_dname
220 struct qstr this = QSTR_INIT(name, strlen(name));
224 path.dentry = d_alloc_pseudo(mnt->mnt_sb, &this);
226 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
227 if (!mnt->mnt_sb->s_d_op)
228 d_set_d_op(path.dentry, &anon_ops);
229 path.mnt = mntget(mnt);
230 d_instantiate(path.dentry, inode);
231 file = alloc_file(&path, flags, fops);
238 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_file_pseudo);
240 struct file *alloc_file_clone(struct file *base, int flags,
241 const struct file_operations *fops)
243 struct file *f = alloc_file(&base->f_path, flags, fops);
245 path_get(&f->f_path);
246 f->f_mapping = base->f_mapping;
251 /* the real guts of fput() - releasing the last reference to file
253 static void __fput(struct file *file)
255 struct dentry *dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
256 struct vfsmount *mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
257 struct inode *inode = file->f_inode;
258 fmode_t mode = file->f_mode;
260 if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & FMODE_OPENED)))
265 fsnotify_close(file);
267 * The function eventpoll_release() should be the first called
268 * in the file cleanup chain.
270 eventpoll_release(file);
271 locks_remove_file(file);
274 if (unlikely(file->f_flags & FASYNC)) {
275 if (file->f_op->fasync)
276 file->f_op->fasync(-1, file, 0);
278 if (file->f_op->release)
279 file->f_op->release(inode, file);
280 if (unlikely(S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_cdev != NULL &&
281 !(mode & FMODE_PATH))) {
282 cdev_put(inode->i_cdev);
284 fops_put(file->f_op);
285 put_pid(file->f_owner.pid);
286 if ((mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
287 i_readcount_dec(inode);
288 if (mode & FMODE_WRITER) {
289 put_write_access(inode);
290 __mnt_drop_write(mnt);
293 if (unlikely(mode & FMODE_NEED_UNMOUNT))
294 dissolve_on_fput(mnt);
300 static LLIST_HEAD(delayed_fput_list);
301 static void delayed_fput(struct work_struct *unused)
303 struct llist_node *node = llist_del_all(&delayed_fput_list);
306 llist_for_each_entry_safe(f, t, node, f_u.fu_llist)
310 static void ____fput(struct callback_head *work)
312 __fput(container_of(work, struct file, f_u.fu_rcuhead));
316 * If kernel thread really needs to have the final fput() it has done
317 * to complete, call this. The only user right now is the boot - we
318 * *do* need to make sure our writes to binaries on initramfs has
319 * not left us with opened struct file waiting for __fput() - execve()
320 * won't work without that. Please, don't add more callers without
321 * very good reasons; in particular, never call that with locks
322 * held and never call that from a thread that might need to do
323 * some work on any kind of umount.
325 void flush_delayed_fput(void)
330 static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(delayed_fput_work, delayed_fput);
332 void fput_many(struct file *file, unsigned int refs)
334 if (atomic_long_sub_and_test(refs, &file->f_count)) {
335 struct task_struct *task = current;
337 if (likely(!in_interrupt() && !(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD))) {
338 init_task_work(&file->f_u.fu_rcuhead, ____fput);
339 if (!task_work_add(task, &file->f_u.fu_rcuhead, true))
342 * After this task has run exit_task_work(),
343 * task_work_add() will fail. Fall through to delayed
344 * fput to avoid leaking *file.
348 if (llist_add(&file->f_u.fu_llist, &delayed_fput_list))
349 schedule_delayed_work(&delayed_fput_work, 1);
353 void fput(struct file *file)
359 * synchronous analog of fput(); for kernel threads that might be needed
360 * in some umount() (and thus can't use flush_delayed_fput() without
361 * risking deadlocks), need to wait for completion of __fput() and know
362 * for this specific struct file it won't involve anything that would
363 * need them. Use only if you really need it - at the very least,
364 * don't blindly convert fput() by kernel thread to that.
366 void __fput_sync(struct file *file)
368 if (atomic_long_dec_and_test(&file->f_count)) {
369 struct task_struct *task = current;
370 BUG_ON(!(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD));
377 void __init files_init(void)
379 filp_cachep = kmem_cache_create("filp", sizeof(struct file), 0,
380 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);
381 percpu_counter_init(&nr_files, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
385 * One file with associated inode and dcache is very roughly 1K. Per default
386 * do not use more than 10% of our memory for files.
388 void __init files_maxfiles_init(void)
391 unsigned long nr_pages = totalram_pages();
392 unsigned long memreserve = (nr_pages - nr_free_pages()) * 3/2;
394 memreserve = min(memreserve, nr_pages - 1);
395 n = ((nr_pages - memreserve) * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024)) / 10;
397 files_stat.max_files = max_t(unsigned long, n, NR_FILE);