[platform/kernel/linux-rpi.git] / fs / eventpoll.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
 *  fs/eventpoll.c (Efficient event retrieval implementation)
 *  Copyright (C) 2001,...,2009  Davide Libenzi
 *
 *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
 */

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/eventpoll.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/mman.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/rculist.h>
#include <net/busy_poll.h>

/*
 * LOCKING:
 * There are three level of locking required by epoll :
 *
 * 1) epmutex (mutex)
 * 2) ep->mtx (mutex)
 * 3) ep->lock (rwlock)
 *
 * The acquire order is the one listed above, from 1 to 3.
 * We need a rwlock (ep->lock) because we manipulate objects
 * from inside the poll callback, that might be triggered from
 * a wake_up() that in turn might be called from IRQ context.
 * So we can't sleep inside the poll callback and hence we need
 * a spinlock. During the event transfer loop (from kernel to
 * user space) we could end up sleeping due a copy_to_user(), so
 * we need a lock that will allow us to sleep. This lock is a
 * mutex (ep->mtx). It is acquired during the event transfer loop,
 * during epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL) and during eventpoll_release_file().
 * Then we also need a global mutex to serialize eventpoll_release_file()
 * and ep_free().
 * This mutex is acquired by ep_free() during the epoll file
 * cleanup path and it is also acquired by eventpoll_release_file()
 * if a file has been pushed inside an epoll set and it is then
 * close()d without a previous call to epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL).
 * It is also acquired when inserting an epoll fd onto another epoll
 * fd. We do this so that we walk the epoll tree and ensure that this
 * insertion does not create a cycle of epoll file descriptors, which
 * could lead to deadlock. We need a global mutex to prevent two
 * simultaneous inserts (A into B and B into A) from racing and
 * constructing a cycle without either insert observing that it is
 * going to.
 * It is necessary to acquire multiple "ep->mtx"es at once in the
 * case when one epoll fd is added to another. In this case, we
 * always acquire the locks in the order of nesting (i.e. after
 * epoll_ctl(e1, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, e2), e1->mtx will always be acquired
 * before e2->mtx). Since we disallow cycles of epoll file
 * descriptors, this ensures that the mutexes are well-ordered. In
 * order to communicate this nesting to lockdep, when walking a tree
 * of epoll file descriptors, we use the current recursion depth as
 * the lockdep subkey.
 * It is possible to drop the "ep->mtx" and to use the global
 * mutex "epmutex" (together with "ep->lock") to have it working,
 * but having "ep->mtx" will make the interface more scalable.
 * Events that require holding "epmutex" are very rare, while for
 * normal operations the epoll private "ep->mtx" will guarantee
 * a better scalability.
 */

/* Epoll private bits inside the event mask */
#define EP_PRIVATE_BITS (EPOLLWAKEUP | EPOLLONESHOT | EPOLLET | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)

#define EPOLLINOUT_BITS (EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT)

#define EPOLLEXCLUSIVE_OK_BITS (EPOLLINOUT_BITS | EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP | \
                                EPOLLWAKEUP | EPOLLET | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)

/* Maximum number of nesting allowed inside epoll sets */
#define EP_MAX_NESTS 4

#define EP_MAX_EVENTS (INT_MAX / sizeof(struct epoll_event))

#define EP_UNACTIVE_PTR ((void *) -1L)

#define EP_ITEM_COST (sizeof(struct epitem) + sizeof(struct eppoll_entry))

struct epoll_filefd {
        struct file *file;
        int fd;
} __packed;

/* Wait structure used by the poll hooks */
struct eppoll_entry {
        /* List header used to link this structure to the "struct epitem" */
        struct eppoll_entry *next;

        /* The "base" pointer is set to the container "struct epitem" */
        struct epitem *base;

        /*
         * Wait queue item that will be linked to the target file wait
         * queue head.
         */
        wait_queue_entry_t wait;

        /* The wait queue head that linked the "wait" wait queue item */
        wait_queue_head_t *whead;
};

/*
 * Each file descriptor added to the eventpoll interface will
 * have an entry of this type linked to the "rbr" RB tree.
 * Avoid increasing the size of this struct, there can be many thousands
 * of these on a server and we do not want this to take another cache line.
 */
struct epitem {
        union {
                /* RB tree node links this structure to the eventpoll RB tree */
                struct rb_node rbn;
                /* Used to free the struct epitem */
                struct rcu_head rcu;
        };

        /* List header used to link this structure to the eventpoll ready list */
        struct list_head rdllink;

        /*
         * Works together "struct eventpoll"->ovflist in keeping the
         * single linked chain of items.
         */
        struct epitem *next;

        /* The file descriptor information this item refers to */
        struct epoll_filefd ffd;

        /* List containing poll wait queues */
        struct eppoll_entry *pwqlist;

        /* The "container" of this item */
        struct eventpoll *ep;

        /* List header used to link this item to the "struct file" items list */
        struct hlist_node fllink;

        /* wakeup_source used when EPOLLWAKEUP is set */
        struct wakeup_source __rcu *ws;

        /* The structure that describe the interested events and the source fd */
        struct epoll_event event;
};

/*
 * This structure is stored inside the "private_data" member of the file
 * structure and represents the main data structure for the eventpoll
 * interface.
 */
struct eventpoll {
        /*
         * This mutex is used to ensure that files are not removed
         * while epoll is using them. This is held during the event
         * collection loop, the file cleanup path, the epoll file exit
         * code and the ctl operations.
         */
        struct mutex mtx;

        /* Wait queue used by sys_epoll_wait() */
        wait_queue_head_t wq;

        /* Wait queue used by file->poll() */
        wait_queue_head_t poll_wait;

        /* List of ready file descriptors */
        struct list_head rdllist;

        /* Lock which protects rdllist and ovflist */
        rwlock_t lock;

        /* RB tree root used to store monitored fd structs */
        struct rb_root_cached rbr;

        /*
         * This is a single linked list that chains all the "struct epitem" that
         * happened while transferring ready events to userspace w/out
         * holding ->lock.
         */
        struct epitem *ovflist;

        /* wakeup_source used when ep_scan_ready_list is running */
        struct wakeup_source *ws;

        /* The user that created the eventpoll descriptor */
        struct user_struct *user;

        struct file *file;

        /* used to optimize loop detection check */
        u64 gen;
        struct hlist_head refs;

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
        /* used to track busy poll napi_id */
        unsigned int napi_id;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
        /* tracks wakeup nests for lockdep validation */
        u8 nests;
#endif
};

/* Wrapper struct used by poll queueing */
struct ep_pqueue {
        poll_table pt;
        struct epitem *epi;
};

/*
 * Configuration options available inside /proc/sys/fs/epoll/
 */
/* Maximum number of epoll watched descriptors, per user */
static long max_user_watches __read_mostly;

/*
 * This mutex is used to serialize ep_free() and eventpoll_release_file().
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(epmutex);

static u64 loop_check_gen = 0;

/* Used to check for epoll file descriptor inclusion loops */
static struct eventpoll *inserting_into;

/* Slab cache used to allocate "struct epitem" */
static struct kmem_cache *epi_cache __read_mostly;

/* Slab cache used to allocate "struct eppoll_entry" */
static struct kmem_cache *pwq_cache __read_mostly;

/*
 * List of files with newly added links, where we may need to limit the number
 * of emanating paths. Protected by the epmutex.
 */
struct epitems_head {
        struct hlist_head epitems;
        struct epitems_head *next;
};
static struct epitems_head *tfile_check_list = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;

static struct kmem_cache *ephead_cache __read_mostly;

static inline void free_ephead(struct epitems_head *head)
{
        if (head)
                kmem_cache_free(ephead_cache, head);
}

static void list_file(struct file *file)
{
        struct epitems_head *head;

        head = container_of(file->f_ep, struct epitems_head, epitems);
        if (!head->next) {
                head->next = tfile_check_list;
                tfile_check_list = head;
        }
}

static void unlist_file(struct epitems_head *head)
{
        struct epitems_head *to_free = head;
        struct hlist_node *p = rcu_dereference(hlist_first_rcu(&head->epitems));
        if (p) {
                struct epitem *epi= container_of(p, struct epitem, fllink);
                spin_lock(&epi->ffd.file->f_lock);
                if (!hlist_empty(&head->epitems))
                        to_free = NULL;
                head->next = NULL;
                spin_unlock(&epi->ffd.file->f_lock);
        }
        free_ephead(to_free);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL

#include <linux/sysctl.h>

static long long_zero;
static long long_max = LONG_MAX;

struct ctl_table epoll_table[] = {
        {
                .procname       = "max_user_watches",
                .data           = &max_user_watches,
                .maxlen         = sizeof(max_user_watches),
                .mode           = 0644,
                .proc_handler   = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
                .extra1         = &long_zero,
                .extra2         = &long_max,
        },
        { }
};
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */

static const struct file_operations eventpoll_fops;

static inline int is_file_epoll(struct file *f)
{
        return f->f_op == &eventpoll_fops;
}

/* Setup the structure that is used as key for the RB tree */
static inline void ep_set_ffd(struct epoll_filefd *ffd,
                              struct file *file, int fd)
{
        ffd->file = file;
        ffd->fd = fd;
}

/* Compare RB tree keys */
static inline int ep_cmp_ffd(struct epoll_filefd *p1,
                             struct epoll_filefd *p2)
{
        return (p1->file > p2->file ? +1:
                (p1->file < p2->file ? -1 : p1->fd - p2->fd));
}

/* Tells us if the item is currently linked */
static inline int ep_is_linked(struct epitem *epi)
{
        return !list_empty(&epi->rdllink);
}

static inline struct eppoll_entry *ep_pwq_from_wait(wait_queue_entry_t *p)
{
        return container_of(p, struct eppoll_entry, wait);
}

/* Get the "struct epitem" from a wait queue pointer */
static inline struct epitem *ep_item_from_wait(wait_queue_entry_t *p)
{
        return container_of(p, struct eppoll_entry, wait)->base;
}

/**
 * ep_events_available - Checks if ready events might be available.
 *
 * @ep: Pointer to the eventpoll context.
 *
 * Returns: Returns a value different than zero if ready events are available,
 *          or zero otherwise.
 */
static inline int ep_events_available(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
        return !list_empty_careful(&ep->rdllist) ||
                READ_ONCE(ep->ovflist) != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
static bool ep_busy_loop_end(void *p, unsigned long start_time)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep = p;

        return ep_events_available(ep) || busy_loop_timeout(start_time);
}

/*
 * Busy poll if globally on and supporting sockets found && no events,
 * busy loop will return if need_resched or ep_events_available.
 *
 * we must do our busy polling with irqs enabled
 */
static void ep_busy_loop(struct eventpoll *ep, int nonblock)
{
        unsigned int napi_id = READ_ONCE(ep->napi_id);

        if ((napi_id >= MIN_NAPI_ID) && net_busy_loop_on())
                napi_busy_loop(napi_id, nonblock ? NULL : ep_busy_loop_end, ep);
}

static inline void ep_reset_busy_poll_napi_id(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
        if (ep->napi_id)
                ep->napi_id = 0;
}

/*
 * Set epoll busy poll NAPI ID from sk.
 */
static inline void ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep;
        unsigned int napi_id;
        struct socket *sock;
        struct sock *sk;
        int err;

        if (!net_busy_loop_on())
                return;

        sock = sock_from_file(epi->ffd.file, &err);
        if (!sock)
                return;

        sk = sock->sk;
        if (!sk)
                return;

        napi_id = READ_ONCE(sk->sk_napi_id);
        ep = epi->ep;

        /* Non-NAPI IDs can be rejected
         *      or
         * Nothing to do if we already have this ID
         */
        if (napi_id < MIN_NAPI_ID || napi_id == ep->napi_id)
                return;

        /* record NAPI ID for use in next busy poll */
        ep->napi_id = napi_id;
}

#else

static inline void ep_busy_loop(struct eventpoll *ep, int nonblock)
{
}

static inline void ep_reset_busy_poll_napi_id(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
}

static inline void ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(struct epitem *epi)
{
}

#endif /* CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL */

/*
 * As described in commit 0ccf831cb lockdep: annotate epoll
 * the use of wait queues used by epoll is done in a very controlled
 * manner. Wake ups can nest inside each other, but are never done
 * with the same locking. For example:
 *
 *   dfd = socket(...);
 *   efd1 = epoll_create();
 *   efd2 = epoll_create();
 *   epoll_ctl(efd1, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, dfd, ...);
 *   epoll_ctl(efd2, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd1, ...);
 *
 * When a packet arrives to the device underneath "dfd", the net code will
 * issue a wake_up() on its poll wake list. Epoll (efd1) has installed a
 * callback wakeup entry on that queue, and the wake_up() performed by the
 * "dfd" net code will end up in ep_poll_callback(). At this point epoll
 * (efd1) notices that it may have some event ready, so it needs to wake up
 * the waiters on its poll wait list (efd2). So it calls ep_poll_safewake()
 * that ends up in another wake_up(), after having checked about the
 * recursion constraints. That are, no more than EP_MAX_POLLWAKE_NESTS, to
 * avoid stack blasting.
 *
 * When CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is enabled, make sure lockdep can handle
 * this special case of epoll.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC

static void ep_poll_safewake(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep_src;
        unsigned long flags;
        u8 nests = 0;

        /*
         * To set the subclass or nesting level for spin_lock_irqsave_nested()
         * it might be natural to create a per-cpu nest count. However, since
         * we can recurse on ep->poll_wait.lock, and a non-raw spinlock can
         * schedule() in the -rt kernel, the per-cpu variable are no longer
         * protected. Thus, we are introducing a per eventpoll nest field.
         * If we are not being call from ep_poll_callback(), epi is NULL and
         * we are at the first level of nesting, 0. Otherwise, we are being
         * called from ep_poll_callback() and if a previous wakeup source is
         * not an epoll file itself, we are at depth 1 since the wakeup source
         * is depth 0. If the wakeup source is a previous epoll file in the
         * wakeup chain then we use its nests value and record ours as
         * nests + 1. The previous epoll file nests value is stable since its
         * already holding its own poll_wait.lock.
         */
        if (epi) {
                if ((is_file_epoll(epi->ffd.file))) {
                        ep_src = epi->ffd.file->private_data;
                        nests = ep_src->nests;
                } else {
                        nests = 1;
                }
        }
        spin_lock_irqsave_nested(&ep->poll_wait.lock, flags, nests);
        ep->nests = nests + 1;
        wake_up_locked_poll(&ep->poll_wait, EPOLLIN);
        ep->nests = 0;
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->poll_wait.lock, flags);
}

#else

static void ep_poll_safewake(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
        wake_up_poll(&ep->poll_wait, EPOLLIN);
}

#endif

static void ep_remove_wait_queue(struct eppoll_entry *pwq)
{
        wait_queue_head_t *whead;

        rcu_read_lock();
        /*
         * If it is cleared by POLLFREE, it should be rcu-safe.
         * If we read NULL we need a barrier paired with
         * smp_store_release() in ep_poll_callback(), otherwise
         * we rely on whead->lock.
         */
        whead = smp_load_acquire(&pwq->whead);
        if (whead)
                remove_wait_queue(whead, &pwq->wait);
        rcu_read_unlock();
}

/*
 * This function unregisters poll callbacks from the associated file
 * descriptor.  Must be called with "mtx" held (or "epmutex" if called from
 * ep_free).
 */
static void ep_unregister_pollwait(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct eppoll_entry **p = &epi->pwqlist;
        struct eppoll_entry *pwq;

        while ((pwq = *p) != NULL) {
                *p = pwq->next;
                ep_remove_wait_queue(pwq);
                kmem_cache_free(pwq_cache, pwq);
        }
}

/* call only when ep->mtx is held */
static inline struct wakeup_source *ep_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
        return rcu_dereference_check(epi->ws, lockdep_is_held(&epi->ep->mtx));
}

/* call only when ep->mtx is held */
static inline void ep_pm_stay_awake(struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct wakeup_source *ws = ep_wakeup_source(epi);

        if (ws)
                __pm_stay_awake(ws);
}

static inline bool ep_has_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
        return rcu_access_pointer(epi->ws) ? true : false;
}

/* call when ep->mtx cannot be held (ep_poll_callback) */
static inline void ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu(struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct wakeup_source *ws;

        rcu_read_lock();
        ws = rcu_dereference(epi->ws);
        if (ws)
                __pm_stay_awake(ws);
        rcu_read_unlock();
}


/*
 * ep->mutex needs to be held because we could be hit by
 * eventpoll_release_file() and epoll_ctl().
 */
static void ep_start_scan(struct eventpoll *ep, struct list_head *txlist)
{
        /*
         * Steal the ready list, and re-init the original one to the
         * empty list. Also, set ep->ovflist to NULL so that events
         * happening while looping w/out locks, are not lost. We cannot
         * have the poll callback to queue directly on ep->rdllist,
         * because we want the "sproc" callback to be able to do it
         * in a lockless way.
         */
        lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();
        write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
        list_splice_init(&ep->rdllist, txlist);
        WRITE_ONCE(ep->ovflist, NULL);
        write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);
}

static void ep_done_scan(struct eventpoll *ep,
                         struct list_head *txlist)
{
        struct epitem *epi, *nepi;

        write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
        /*
         * During the time we spent inside the "sproc" callback, some
         * other events might have been queued by the poll callback.
         * We re-insert them inside the main ready-list here.
         */
        for (nepi = READ_ONCE(ep->ovflist); (epi = nepi) != NULL;
             nepi = epi->next, epi->next = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
                /*
                 * We need to check if the item is already in the list.
                 * During the "sproc" callback execution time, items are
                 * queued into ->ovflist but the "txlist" might already
                 * contain them, and the list_splice() below takes care of them.
                 */
                if (!ep_is_linked(epi)) {
                        /*
                         * ->ovflist is LIFO, so we have to reverse it in order
                         * to keep in FIFO.
                         */
                        list_add(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
                        ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
                }
        }
        /*
         * We need to set back ep->ovflist to EP_UNACTIVE_PTR, so that after
         * releasing the lock, events will be queued in the normal way inside
         * ep->rdllist.
         */
        WRITE_ONCE(ep->ovflist, EP_UNACTIVE_PTR);

        /*
         * Quickly re-inject items left on "txlist".
         */
        list_splice(txlist, &ep->rdllist);
        __pm_relax(ep->ws);
        write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);
}

static void epi_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
{
        struct epitem *epi = container_of(head, struct epitem, rcu);
        kmem_cache_free(epi_cache, epi);
}

/*
 * Removes a "struct epitem" from the eventpoll RB tree and deallocates
 * all the associated resources. Must be called with "mtx" held.
 */
static int ep_remove(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct file *file = epi->ffd.file;
        struct epitems_head *to_free;
        struct hlist_head *head;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

        /*
         * Removes poll wait queue hooks.
         */
        ep_unregister_pollwait(ep, epi);

        /* Remove the current item from the list of epoll hooks */
        spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
        to_free = NULL;
        head = file->f_ep;
        if (head->first == &epi->fllink && !epi->fllink.next) {
                file->f_ep = NULL;
                if (!is_file_epoll(file)) {
                        struct epitems_head *v;
                        v = container_of(head, struct epitems_head, epitems);
                        if (!smp_load_acquire(&v->next))
                                to_free = v;
                }
        }
        hlist_del_rcu(&epi->fllink);
        spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
        free_ephead(to_free);

        rb_erase_cached(&epi->rbn, &ep->rbr);

        write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
        if (ep_is_linked(epi))
                list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);
        write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);

        wakeup_source_unregister(ep_wakeup_source(epi));
        /*
         * At this point it is safe to free the eventpoll item. Use the union
         * field epi->rcu, since we are trying to minimize the size of
         * 'struct epitem'. The 'rbn' field is no longer in use. Protected by
         * ep->mtx. The rcu read side, reverse_path_check_proc(), does not make
         * use of the rbn field.
         */
        call_rcu(&epi->rcu, epi_rcu_free);

        atomic_long_dec(&ep->user->epoll_watches);

        return 0;
}

static void ep_free(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
        struct rb_node *rbp;
        struct epitem *epi;

        /* We need to release all tasks waiting for these file */
        if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
                ep_poll_safewake(ep, NULL);

        /*
         * We need to lock this because we could be hit by
         * eventpoll_release_file() while we're freeing the "struct eventpoll".
         * We do not need to hold "ep->mtx" here because the epoll file
         * is on the way to be removed and no one has references to it
         * anymore. The only hit might come from eventpoll_release_file() but
         * holding "epmutex" is sufficient here.
         */
        mutex_lock(&epmutex);

        /*
         * Walks through the whole tree by unregistering poll callbacks.
         */
        for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
                epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);

                ep_unregister_pollwait(ep, epi);
                cond_resched();
        }

        /*
         * Walks through the whole tree by freeing each "struct epitem". At this
         * point we are sure no poll callbacks will be lingering around, and also by
         * holding "epmutex" we can be sure that no file cleanup code will hit
         * us during this operation. So we can avoid the lock on "ep->lock".
         * We do not need to lock ep->mtx, either, we only do it to prevent
         * a lockdep warning.
         */
        mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
        while ((rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr)) != NULL) {
                epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
                ep_remove(ep, epi);
                cond_resched();
        }
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

        mutex_unlock(&epmutex);
        mutex_destroy(&ep->mtx);
        free_uid(ep->user);
        wakeup_source_unregister(ep->ws);
        kfree(ep);
}

static int ep_eventpoll_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep = file->private_data;

        if (ep)
                ep_free(ep);

        return 0;
}

static __poll_t ep_item_poll(const struct epitem *epi, poll_table *pt, int depth);

static __poll_t __ep_eventpoll_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait, int depth)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep = file->private_data;
        LIST_HEAD(txlist);
        struct epitem *epi, *tmp;
        poll_table pt;
        __poll_t res = 0;

        init_poll_funcptr(&pt, NULL);

        /* Insert inside our poll wait queue */
        poll_wait(file, &ep->poll_wait, wait);

        /*
         * Proceed to find out if wanted events are really available inside
         * the ready list.
         */
        mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, depth);
        ep_start_scan(ep, &txlist);
        list_for_each_entry_safe(epi, tmp, &txlist, rdllink) {
                if (ep_item_poll(epi, &pt, depth + 1)) {
                        res = EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
                        break;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Item has been dropped into the ready list by the poll
                         * callback, but it's not actually ready, as far as
                         * caller requested events goes. We can remove it here.
                         */
                        __pm_relax(ep_wakeup_source(epi));
                        list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);
                }
        }
        ep_done_scan(ep, &txlist);
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
        return res;
}

/*
 * Differs from ep_eventpoll_poll() in that internal callers already have
 * the ep->mtx so we need to start from depth=1, such that mutex_lock_nested()
 * is correctly annotated.
 */
static __poll_t ep_item_poll(const struct epitem *epi, poll_table *pt,
                                 int depth)
{
        struct file *file = epi->ffd.file;
        __poll_t res;

        pt->_key = epi->event.events;
        if (!is_file_epoll(file))
                res = vfs_poll(file, pt);
        else
                res = __ep_eventpoll_poll(file, pt, depth);
        return res & epi->event.events;
}

static __poll_t ep_eventpoll_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
        return __ep_eventpoll_poll(file, wait, 0);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static void ep_show_fdinfo(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep = f->private_data;
        struct rb_node *rbp;

        mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
        for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
                struct epitem *epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
                struct inode *inode = file_inode(epi->ffd.file);

                seq_printf(m, "tfd: %8d events: %8x data: %16llx "
                           " pos:%lli ino:%lx sdev:%x\n",
                           epi->ffd.fd, epi->event.events,
                           (long long)epi->event.data,
                           (long long)epi->ffd.file->f_pos,
                           inode->i_ino, inode->i_sb->s_dev);
                if (seq_has_overflowed(m))
                        break;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
}
#endif

/* File callbacks that implement the eventpoll file behaviour */
static const struct file_operations eventpoll_fops = {
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
        .show_fdinfo    = ep_show_fdinfo,
#endif
        .release        = ep_eventpoll_release,
        .poll           = ep_eventpoll_poll,
        .llseek         = noop_llseek,
};

/*
 * This is called from eventpoll_release() to unlink files from the eventpoll
 * interface. We need to have this facility to cleanup correctly files that are
 * closed without being removed from the eventpoll interface.
 */
void eventpoll_release_file(struct file *file)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep;
        struct epitem *epi;
        struct hlist_node *next;

        /*
         * We don't want to get "file->f_lock" because it is not
         * necessary. It is not necessary because we're in the "struct file"
         * cleanup path, and this means that no one is using this file anymore.
         * So, for example, epoll_ctl() cannot hit here since if we reach this
         * point, the file counter already went to zero and fget() would fail.
         * The only hit might come from ep_free() but by holding the mutex
         * will correctly serialize the operation. We do need to acquire
         * "ep->mtx" after "epmutex" because ep_remove() requires it when called
         * from anywhere but ep_free().
         *
         * Besides, ep_remove() acquires the lock, so we can't hold it here.
         */
        mutex_lock(&epmutex);
        if (unlikely(!file->f_ep)) {
                mutex_unlock(&epmutex);
                return;
        }
        hlist_for_each_entry_safe(epi, next, file->f_ep, fllink) {
                ep = epi->ep;
                mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, 0);
                ep_remove(ep, epi);
                mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&epmutex);
}

static int ep_alloc(struct eventpoll **pep)
{
        int error;
        struct user_struct *user;
        struct eventpoll *ep;

        user = get_current_user();
        error = -ENOMEM;
        ep = kzalloc(sizeof(*ep), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (unlikely(!ep))
                goto free_uid;

        mutex_init(&ep->mtx);
        rwlock_init(&ep->lock);
        init_waitqueue_head(&ep->wq);
        init_waitqueue_head(&ep->poll_wait);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ep->rdllist);
        ep->rbr = RB_ROOT_CACHED;
        ep->ovflist = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;
        ep->user = user;

        *pep = ep;

        return 0;

free_uid:
        free_uid(user);
        return error;
}

/*
 * Search the file inside the eventpoll tree. The RB tree operations
 * are protected by the "mtx" mutex, and ep_find() must be called with
 * "mtx" held.
 */
static struct epitem *ep_find(struct eventpoll *ep, struct file *file, int fd)
{
        int kcmp;
        struct rb_node *rbp;
        struct epitem *epi, *epir = NULL;
        struct epoll_filefd ffd;

        ep_set_ffd(&ffd, file, fd);
        for (rbp = ep->rbr.rb_root.rb_node; rbp; ) {
                epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
                kcmp = ep_cmp_ffd(&ffd, &epi->ffd);
                if (kcmp > 0)
                        rbp = rbp->rb_right;
                else if (kcmp < 0)
                        rbp = rbp->rb_left;
                else {
                        epir = epi;
                        break;
                }
        }

        return epir;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
static struct epitem *ep_find_tfd(struct eventpoll *ep, int tfd, unsigned long toff)
{
        struct rb_node *rbp;
        struct epitem *epi;

        for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
                epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
                if (epi->ffd.fd == tfd) {
                        if (toff == 0)
                                return epi;
                        else
                                toff--;
                }
                cond_resched();
        }

        return NULL;
}

struct file *get_epoll_tfile_raw_ptr(struct file *file, int tfd,
                                     unsigned long toff)
{
        struct file *file_raw;
        struct eventpoll *ep;
        struct epitem *epi;

        if (!is_file_epoll(file))
                return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

        ep = file->private_data;

        mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
        epi = ep_find_tfd(ep, tfd, toff);
        if (epi)
                file_raw = epi->ffd.file;
        else
                file_raw = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

        return file_raw;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE */

/**
 * Adds a new entry to the tail of the list in a lockless way, i.e.
 * multiple CPUs are allowed to call this function concurrently.
 *
 * Beware: it is necessary to prevent any other modifications of the
 *         existing list until all changes are completed, in other words
 *         concurrent list_add_tail_lockless() calls should be protected
 *         with a read lock, where write lock acts as a barrier which
 *         makes sure all list_add_tail_lockless() calls are fully
 *         completed.
 *
 *        Also an element can be locklessly added to the list only in one
 *        direction i.e. either to the tail either to the head, otherwise
 *        concurrent access will corrupt the list.
 *
 * Returns %false if element has been already added to the list, %true
 * otherwise.
 */
static inline bool list_add_tail_lockless(struct list_head *new,
                                          struct list_head *head)
{
        struct list_head *prev;

        /*
         * This is simple 'new->next = head' operation, but cmpxchg()
         * is used in order to detect that same element has been just
         * added to the list from another CPU: the winner observes
         * new->next == new.
         */
        if (cmpxchg(&new->next, new, head) != new)
                return false;

        /*
         * Initially ->next of a new element must be updated with the head
         * (we are inserting to the tail) and only then pointers are atomically
         * exchanged.  XCHG guarantees memory ordering, thus ->next should be
         * updated before pointers are actually swapped and pointers are
         * swapped before prev->next is updated.
         */

        prev = xchg(&head->prev, new);

        /*
         * It is safe to modify prev->next and new->prev, because a new element
         * is added only to the tail and new->next is updated before XCHG.
         */

        prev->next = new;
        new->prev = prev;

        return true;
}

/**
 * Chains a new epi entry to the tail of the ep->ovflist in a lockless way,
 * i.e. multiple CPUs are allowed to call this function concurrently.
 *
 * Returns %false if epi element has been already chained, %true otherwise.
 */
static inline bool chain_epi_lockless(struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct eventpoll *ep = epi->ep;

        /* Fast preliminary check */
        if (epi->next != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR)
                return false;

        /* Check that the same epi has not been just chained from another CPU */
        if (cmpxchg(&epi->next, EP_UNACTIVE_PTR, NULL) != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR)
                return false;

        /* Atomically exchange tail */
        epi->next = xchg(&ep->ovflist, epi);

        return true;
}

/*
 * This is the callback that is passed to the wait queue wakeup
 * mechanism. It is called by the stored file descriptors when they
 * have events to report.
 *
 * This callback takes a read lock in order not to content with concurrent
 * events from another file descriptors, thus all modifications to ->rdllist
 * or ->ovflist are lockless.  Read lock is paired with the write lock from
 * ep_scan_ready_list(), which stops all list modifications and guarantees
 * that lists state is seen correctly.
 *
 * Another thing worth to mention is that ep_poll_callback() can be called
 * concurrently for the same @epi from different CPUs if poll table was inited
 * with several wait queues entries.  Plural wakeup from different CPUs of a
 * single wait queue is serialized by wq.lock, but the case when multiple wait
 * queues are used should be detected accordingly.  This is detected using
 * cmpxchg() operation.
 */
static int ep_poll_callback(wait_queue_entry_t *wait, unsigned mode, int sync, void *key)
{
        int pwake = 0;
        struct epitem *epi = ep_item_from_wait(wait);
        struct eventpoll *ep = epi->ep;
        __poll_t pollflags = key_to_poll(key);
        unsigned long flags;
        int ewake = 0;

        read_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);

        ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(epi);

        /*
         * If the event mask does not contain any poll(2) event, we consider the
         * descriptor to be disabled. This condition is likely the effect of the
         * EPOLLONESHOT bit that disables the descriptor when an event is received,
         * until the next EPOLL_CTL_MOD will be issued.
         */
        if (!(epi->event.events & ~EP_PRIVATE_BITS))
                goto out_unlock;

        /*
         * Check the events coming with the callback. At this stage, not
         * every device reports the events in the "key" parameter of the
         * callback. We need to be able to handle both cases here, hence the
         * test for "key" != NULL before the event match test.
         */
        if (pollflags && !(pollflags & epi->event.events))
                goto out_unlock;

        /*
         * If we are transferring events to userspace, we can hold no locks
         * (because we're accessing user memory, and because of linux f_op->poll()
         * semantics). All the events that happen during that period of time are
         * chained in ep->ovflist and requeued later on.
         */
        if (READ_ONCE(ep->ovflist) != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
                if (chain_epi_lockless(epi))
                        ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu(epi);
        } else if (!ep_is_linked(epi)) {
                /* In the usual case, add event to ready list. */
                if (list_add_tail_lockless(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist))
                        ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu(epi);
        }

        /*
         * Wake up ( if active ) both the eventpoll wait list and the ->poll()
         * wait list.
         */
        if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq)) {
                if ((epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE) &&
                                        !(pollflags & POLLFREE)) {
                        switch (pollflags & EPOLLINOUT_BITS) {
                        case EPOLLIN:
                                if (epi->event.events & EPOLLIN)
                                        ewake = 1;
                                break;
                        case EPOLLOUT:
                                if (epi->event.events & EPOLLOUT)
                                        ewake = 1;
                                break;
                        case 0:
                                ewake = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                wake_up(&ep->wq);
        }
        if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
                pwake++;

out_unlock:
        read_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);

        /* We have to call this outside the lock */
        if (pwake)
                ep_poll_safewake(ep, epi);

        if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE))
                ewake = 1;

        if (pollflags & POLLFREE) {
                /*
                 * If we race with ep_remove_wait_queue() it can miss
                 * ->whead = NULL and do another remove_wait_queue() after
                 * us, so we can't use __remove_wait_queue().
                 */
                list_del_init(&wait->entry);
                /*
                 * ->whead != NULL protects us from the race with ep_free()
                 * or ep_remove(), ep_remove_wait_queue() takes whead->lock
                 * held by the caller. Once we nullify it, nothing protects
                 * ep/epi or even wait.
                 */
                smp_store_release(&ep_pwq_from_wait(wait)->whead, NULL);
        }

        return ewake;
}

/*
 * This is the callback that is used to add our wait queue to the
 * target file wakeup lists.
 */
static void ep_ptable_queue_proc(struct file *file, wait_queue_head_t *whead,
                                 poll_table *pt)
{
        struct ep_pqueue *epq = container_of(pt, struct ep_pqueue, pt);
        struct epitem *epi = epq->epi;
        struct eppoll_entry *pwq;

        if (unlikely(!epi))     // an earlier allocation has failed
                return;

        pwq = kmem_cache_alloc(pwq_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (unlikely(!pwq)) {
                epq->epi = NULL;
                return;
        }

        init_waitqueue_func_entry(&pwq->wait, ep_poll_callback);
        pwq->whead = whead;
        pwq->base = epi;
        if (epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)
                add_wait_queue_exclusive(whead, &pwq->wait);
        else
                add_wait_queue(whead, &pwq->wait);
        pwq->next = epi->pwqlist;
        epi->pwqlist = pwq;
}

static void ep_rbtree_insert(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
        int kcmp;
        struct rb_node **p = &ep->rbr.rb_root.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
        struct epitem *epic;
        bool leftmost = true;

        while (*p) {
                parent = *p;
                epic = rb_entry(parent, struct epitem, rbn);
                kcmp = ep_cmp_ffd(&epi->ffd, &epic->ffd);
                if (kcmp > 0) {
                        p = &parent->rb_right;
                        leftmost = false;
                } else
                        p = &parent->rb_left;
        }
        rb_link_node(&epi->rbn, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color_cached(&epi->rbn, &ep->rbr, leftmost);
}



#define PATH_ARR_SIZE 5
/*
 * These are the number paths of length 1 to 5, that we are allowing to emanate
 * from a single file of interest. For example, we allow 1000 paths of length
 * 1, to emanate from each file of interest. This essentially represents the
 * potential wakeup paths, which need to be limited in order to avoid massive
 * uncontrolled wakeup storms. The common use case should be a single ep which
 * is connected to n file sources. In this case each file source has 1 path
 * of length 1. Thus, the numbers below should be more than sufficient. These
 * path limits are enforced during an EPOLL_CTL_ADD operation, since a modify
 * and delete can't add additional paths. Protected by the epmutex.
 */
static const int path_limits[PATH_ARR_SIZE] = { 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10 };
static int path_count[PATH_ARR_SIZE];

static int path_count_inc(int nests)
{
        /* Allow an arbitrary number of depth 1 paths */
        if (nests == 0)
                return 0;

        if (++path_count[nests] > path_limits[nests])
                return -1;
        return 0;
}

static void path_count_init(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < PATH_ARR_SIZE; i++)
                path_count[i] = 0;
}

static int reverse_path_check_proc(struct hlist_head *refs, int depth)
{
        int error = 0;
        struct epitem *epi;

        if (depth > EP_MAX_NESTS) /* too deep nesting */
                return -1;

        /* CTL_DEL can remove links here, but that can't increase our count */
        hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(epi, refs, fllink) {
                struct hlist_head *refs = &epi->ep->refs;
                if (hlist_empty(refs))
                        error = path_count_inc(depth);
                else
                        error = reverse_path_check_proc(refs, depth + 1);
                if (error != 0)
                        break;
        }
        return error;
}

/**
 * reverse_path_check - The tfile_check_list is list of epitem_head, which have
 *                      links that are proposed to be newly added. We need to
 *                      make sure that those added links don't add too many
 *                      paths such that we will spend all our time waking up
 *                      eventpoll objects.
 *
 * Returns: Returns zero if the proposed links don't create too many paths,
 *          -1 otherwise.
 */
static int reverse_path_check(void)
{
        struct epitems_head *p;

        for (p = tfile_check_list; p != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR; p = p->next) {
                int error;
                path_count_init();
                rcu_read_lock();
                error = reverse_path_check_proc(&p->epitems, 0);
                rcu_read_unlock();
                if (error)
                        return error;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int ep_create_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct name_snapshot n;
        struct wakeup_source *ws;

        if (!epi->ep->ws) {
                epi->ep->ws = wakeup_source_register(NULL, "eventpoll");
                if (!epi->ep->ws)
                        return -ENOMEM;
        }

        take_dentry_name_snapshot(&n, epi->ffd.file->f_path.dentry);
        ws = wakeup_source_register(NULL, n.name.name);
        release_dentry_name_snapshot(&n);

        if (!ws)
                return -ENOMEM;
        rcu_assign_pointer(epi->ws, ws);

        return 0;
}

/* rare code path, only used when EPOLL_CTL_MOD removes a wakeup source */
static noinline void ep_destroy_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct wakeup_source *ws = ep_wakeup_source(epi);

        RCU_INIT_POINTER(epi->ws, NULL);

        /*
         * wait for ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu to finish, synchronize_rcu is
         * used internally by wakeup_source_remove, too (called by
         * wakeup_source_unregister), so we cannot use call_rcu
         */
        synchronize_rcu();
        wakeup_source_unregister(ws);
}

static int attach_epitem(struct file *file, struct epitem *epi)
{
        struct epitems_head *to_free = NULL;
        struct hlist_head *head = NULL;
        struct eventpoll *ep = NULL;

        if (is_file_epoll(file))
                ep = file->private_data;

        if (ep) {
                head = &ep->refs;
        } else if (!READ_ONCE(file->f_ep)) {
allocate:
                to_free = kmem_cache_zalloc(ephead_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!to_free)
                        return -ENOMEM;
                head = &to_free->epitems;
        }
        spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
        if (!file->f_ep) {
                if (unlikely(!head)) {
                        spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
                        goto allocate;
                }
                file->f_ep = head;
                to_free = NULL;
        }
        hlist_add_head_rcu(&epi->fllink, file->f_ep);
        spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
        free_ephead(to_free);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Must be called with "mtx" held.
 */
static int ep_insert(struct eventpoll *ep, const struct epoll_event *event,
                     struct file *tfile, int fd, int full_check)
{
        int error, pwake = 0;
        __poll_t revents;
        long user_watches;
        struct epitem *epi;
        struct ep_pqueue epq;
        struct eventpoll *tep = NULL;

        if (is_file_epoll(tfile))
                tep = tfile->private_data;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

        user_watches = atomic_long_read(&ep->user->epoll_watches);
        if (unlikely(user_watches >= max_user_watches))
                return -ENOSPC;
        if (!(epi = kmem_cache_zalloc(epi_cache, GFP_KERNEL)))
                return -ENOMEM;

        /* Item initialization follow here ... */
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&epi->rdllink);
        epi->ep = ep;
        ep_set_ffd(&epi->ffd, tfile, fd);
        epi->event = *event;
        epi->next = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;

        if (tep)
                mutex_lock_nested(&tep->mtx, 1);
        /* Add the current item to the list of active epoll hook for this file */
        if (unlikely(attach_epitem(tfile, epi) < 0)) {
                kmem_cache_free(epi_cache, epi);
                if (tep)
                        mutex_unlock(&tep->mtx);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        if (full_check && !tep)
                list_file(tfile);

        atomic_long_inc(&ep->user->epoll_watches);

        /*
         * Add the current item to the RB tree. All RB tree operations are
         * protected by "mtx", and ep_insert() is called with "mtx" held.
         */
        ep_rbtree_insert(ep, epi);
        if (tep)
                mutex_unlock(&tep->mtx);

        /* now check if we've created too many backpaths */
        if (unlikely(full_check && reverse_path_check())) {
                ep_remove(ep, epi);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (epi->event.events & EPOLLWAKEUP) {
                error = ep_create_wakeup_source(epi);
                if (error) {
                        ep_remove(ep, epi);
                        return error;
                }
        }

        /* Initialize the poll table using the queue callback */
        epq.epi = epi;
        init_poll_funcptr(&epq.pt, ep_ptable_queue_proc);

        /*
         * Attach the item to the poll hooks and get current event bits.
         * We can safely use the file* here because its usage count has
         * been increased by the caller of this function. Note that after
         * this operation completes, the poll callback can start hitting
         * the new item.
         */
        revents = ep_item_poll(epi, &epq.pt, 1);

        /*
         * We have to check if something went wrong during the poll wait queue
         * install process. Namely an allocation for a wait queue failed due
         * high memory pressure.
         */
        if (unlikely(!epq.epi)) {
                ep_remove(ep, epi);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        /* We have to drop the new item inside our item list to keep track of it */
        write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);

        /* record NAPI ID of new item if present */
        ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(epi);

        /* If the file is already "ready" we drop it inside the ready list */
        if (revents && !ep_is_linked(epi)) {
                list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
                ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);

                /* Notify waiting tasks that events are available */
                if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))
                        wake_up(&ep->wq);
                if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
                        pwake++;
        }

        write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);

        /* We have to call this outside the lock */
        if (pwake)
                ep_poll_safewake(ep, NULL);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Modify the interest event mask by dropping an event if the new mask
 * has a match in the current file status. Must be called with "mtx" held.
 */
static int ep_modify(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi,
                     const struct epoll_event *event)
{
        int pwake = 0;
        poll_table pt;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

        init_poll_funcptr(&pt, NULL);

        /*
         * Set the new event interest mask before calling f_op->poll();
         * otherwise we might miss an event that happens between the
         * f_op->poll() call and the new event set registering.
         */
        epi->event.events = event->events; /* need barrier below */
        epi->event.data = event->data; /* protected by mtx */
        if (epi->event.events & EPOLLWAKEUP) {
                if (!ep_has_wakeup_source(epi))
                        ep_create_wakeup_source(epi);
        } else if (ep_has_wakeup_source(epi)) {
                ep_destroy_wakeup_source(epi);
        }

        /*
         * The following barrier has two effects:
         *
         * 1) Flush epi changes above to other CPUs.  This ensures
         *    we do not miss events from ep_poll_callback if an
         *    event occurs immediately after we call f_op->poll().
         *    We need this because we did not take ep->lock while
         *    changing epi above (but ep_poll_callback does take
         *    ep->lock).
         *
         * 2) We also need to ensure we do not miss _past_ events
         *    when calling f_op->poll().  This barrier also
         *    pairs with the barrier in wq_has_sleeper (see
         *    comments for wq_has_sleeper).
         *
         * This barrier will now guarantee ep_poll_callback or f_op->poll
         * (or both) will notice the readiness of an item.
         */
        smp_mb();

        /*
         * Get current event bits. We can safely use the file* here because
         * its usage count has been increased by the caller of this function.
         * If the item is "hot" and it is not registered inside the ready
         * list, push it inside.
         */
        if (ep_item_poll(epi, &pt, 1)) {
                write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
                if (!ep_is_linked(epi)) {
                        list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
                        ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);

                        /* Notify waiting tasks that events are available */
                        if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))
                                wake_up(&ep->wq);
                        if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
                                pwake++;
                }
                write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);
        }

        /* We have to call this outside the lock */
        if (pwake)
                ep_poll_safewake(ep, NULL);

        return 0;
}

static int ep_send_events(struct eventpoll *ep,
                          struct epoll_event __user *events, int maxevents)
{
        struct epitem *epi, *tmp;
        LIST_HEAD(txlist);
        poll_table pt;
        int res = 0;

        init_poll_funcptr(&pt, NULL);

        mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
        ep_start_scan(ep, &txlist);

        /*
         * We can loop without lock because we are passed a task private list.
         * Items cannot vanish during the loop we are holding ep->mtx.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(epi, tmp, &txlist, rdllink) {
                struct wakeup_source *ws;
                __poll_t revents;

                if (res >= maxevents)
                        break;

                /*
                 * Activate ep->ws before deactivating epi->ws to prevent
                 * triggering auto-suspend here (in case we reactive epi->ws
                 * below).
                 *
                 * This could be rearranged to delay the deactivation of epi->ws
                 * instead, but then epi->ws would temporarily be out of sync
                 * with ep_is_linked().
                 */
                ws = ep_wakeup_source(epi);
                if (ws) {
                        if (ws->active)
                                __pm_stay_awake(ep->ws);
                        __pm_relax(ws);
                }

                list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);

                /*
                 * If the event mask intersect the caller-requested one,
                 * deliver the event to userspace. Again, we are holding ep->mtx,
                 * so no operations coming from userspace can change the item.
                 */
                revents = ep_item_poll(epi, &pt, 1);
                if (!revents)
                        continue;

                if (__put_user(revents, &events->events) ||
                    __put_user(epi->event.data, &events->data)) {
                        list_add(&epi->rdllink, &txlist);
                        ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
                        if (!res)
                                res = -EFAULT;
                        break;
                }
                res++;
                events++;
                if (epi->event.events & EPOLLONESHOT)
                        epi->event.events &= EP_PRIVATE_BITS;
                else if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLET)) {
                        /*
                         * If this file has been added with Level
                         * Trigger mode, we need to insert back inside
                         * the ready list, so that the next call to
                         * epoll_wait() will check again the events
                         * availability. At this point, no one can insert
                         * into ep->rdllist besides us. The epoll_ctl()
                         * callers are locked out by
                         * ep_scan_ready_list() holding "mtx" and the
                         * poll callback will queue them in ep->ovflist.
                         */
                        list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
                        ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
                }
        }
        ep_done_scan(ep, &txlist);
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

        return res;
}

static inline struct timespec64 ep_set_mstimeout(long ms)
{
        struct timespec64 now, ts = {
                .tv_sec = ms / MSEC_PER_SEC,
                .tv_nsec = NSEC_PER_MSEC * (ms % MSEC_PER_SEC),
        };

        ktime_get_ts64(&now);
        return timespec64_add_safe(now, ts);
}

/**
 * ep_poll - Retrieves ready events, and delivers them to the caller supplied
 *           event buffer.
 *
 * @ep: Pointer to the eventpoll context.
 * @events: Pointer to the userspace buffer where the ready events should be
 *          stored.
 * @maxevents: Size (in terms of number of events) of the caller event buffer.
 * @timeout: Maximum timeout for the ready events fetch operation, in
 *           milliseconds. If the @timeout is zero, the function will not block,
 *           while if the @timeout is less than zero, the function will block
 *           until at least one event has been retrieved (or an error
 *           occurred).
 *
 * Returns: Returns the number of ready events which have been fetched, or an
 *          error code, in case of error.
 */
static int ep_poll(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epoll_event __user *events,
                   int maxevents, long timeout)
{
        int res = 0, eavail, timed_out = 0;
        u64 slack = 0;
        wait_queue_entry_t wait;
        ktime_t expires, *to = NULL;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

        if (timeout > 0) {
                struct timespec64 end_time = ep_set_mstimeout(timeout);

                slack = select_estimate_accuracy(&end_time);
                to = &expires;
                *to = timespec64_to_ktime(end_time);
        } else if (timeout == 0) {
                /*
                 * Avoid the unnecessary trip to the wait queue loop, if the
                 * caller specified a non blocking operation. We still need
                 * lock because we could race and not see an epi being added
                 * to the ready list while in irq callback. Thus incorrectly
                 * returning 0 back to userspace.
                 */
                timed_out = 1;

                write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
                eavail = ep_events_available(ep);
                write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);

                goto send_events;
        }

fetch_events:

        if (!ep_events_available(ep))
                ep_busy_loop(ep, timed_out);

        eavail = ep_events_available(ep);
        if (eavail)
                goto send_events;

        /*
         * Busy poll timed out.  Drop NAPI ID for now, we can add
         * it back in when we have moved a socket with a valid NAPI
         * ID onto the ready list.
         */
        ep_reset_busy_poll_napi_id(ep);

        do {
                /*
                 * Internally init_wait() uses autoremove_wake_function(),
                 * thus wait entry is removed from the wait queue on each
                 * wakeup. Why it is important? In case of several waiters
                 * each new wakeup will hit the next waiter, giving it the
                 * chance to harvest new event. Otherwise wakeup can be
                 * lost. This is also good performance-wise, because on
                 * normal wakeup path no need to call __remove_wait_queue()
                 * explicitly, thus ep->lock is not taken, which halts the
                 * event delivery.
                 */
                init_wait(&wait);

                write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
                /*
                 * Barrierless variant, waitqueue_active() is called under
                 * the same lock on wakeup ep_poll_callback() side, so it
                 * is safe to avoid an explicit barrier.
                 */
                __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);

                /*
                 * Do the final check under the lock. ep_scan_ready_list()
                 * plays with two lists (->rdllist and ->ovflist) and there
                 * is always a race when both lists are empty for short
                 * period of time although events are pending, so lock is
                 * important.
                 */
                eavail = ep_events_available(ep);
                if (!eavail) {
                        if (signal_pending(current))
                                res = -EINTR;
                        else
                                __add_wait_queue_exclusive(&ep->wq, &wait);
                }
                write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);

                if (eavail || res)
                        break;

                if (!schedule_hrtimeout_range(to, slack, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS)) {
                        timed_out = 1;
                        break;
                }

                /* We were woken up, thus go and try to harvest some events */
                eavail = 1;

        } while (0);

        __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);

        if (!list_empty_careful(&wait.entry)) {
                write_lock_irq(&ep->lock);
                __remove_wait_queue(&ep->wq, &wait);
                write_unlock_irq(&ep->lock);
        }

send_events:
        if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
                /*
                 * Always short-circuit for fatal signals to allow
                 * threads to make a timely exit without the chance of
                 * finding more events available and fetching
                 * repeatedly.
                 */
                res = -EINTR;
        }
        /*
         * Try to transfer events to user space. In case we get 0 events and
         * there's still timeout left over, we go trying again in search of
         * more luck.
         */
        if (!res && eavail &&
            !(res = ep_send_events(ep, events, maxevents)) && !timed_out)
                goto fetch_events;

        return res;
}

/**
 * ep_loop_check_proc - verify that adding an epoll file inside another
 *                      epoll structure, does not violate the constraints, in
 *                      terms of closed loops, or too deep chains (which can
 *                      result in excessive stack usage).
 *
 * @priv: Pointer to the epoll file to be currently checked.
 * @depth: Current depth of the path being checked.
 *
 * Returns: Returns zero if adding the epoll @file inside current epoll
 *          structure @ep does not violate the constraints, or -1 otherwise.
 */
static int ep_loop_check_proc(struct eventpoll *ep, int depth)
{
        int error = 0;
        struct rb_node *rbp;
        struct epitem *epi;

        mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, depth + 1);
        ep->gen = loop_check_gen;
        for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
                epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
                if (unlikely(is_file_epoll(epi->ffd.file))) {
                        struct eventpoll *ep_tovisit;
                        ep_tovisit = epi->ffd.file->private_data;
                        if (ep_tovisit->gen == loop_check_gen)
                                continue;
                        if (ep_tovisit == inserting_into || depth > EP_MAX_NESTS)
                                error = -1;
                        else
                                error = ep_loop_check_proc(ep_tovisit, depth + 1);
                        if (error != 0)
                                break;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * If we've reached a file that is not associated with
                         * an ep, then we need to check if the newly added
                         * links are going to add too many wakeup paths. We do
                         * this by adding it to the tfile_check_list, if it's
                         * not already there, and calling reverse_path_check()
                         * during ep_insert().
                         */
                        list_file(epi->ffd.file);
                }
        }
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

        return error;
}

/**
 * ep_loop_check - Performs a check to verify that adding an epoll file (@to)
 *                 into another epoll file (represented by @from) does not create
 *                 closed loops or too deep chains.
 *
 * @from: Pointer to the epoll we are inserting into.
 * @to: Pointer to the epoll to be inserted.
 *
 * Returns: Returns zero if adding the epoll @to inside the epoll @from
 * does not violate the constraints, or -1 otherwise.
 */
static int ep_loop_check(struct eventpoll *ep, struct eventpoll *to)
{
        inserting_into = ep;
        return ep_loop_check_proc(to, 0);
}

static void clear_tfile_check_list(void)
{
        rcu_read_lock();
        while (tfile_check_list != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
                struct epitems_head *head = tfile_check_list;
                tfile_check_list = head->next;
                unlist_file(head);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
}

/*
 * Open an eventpoll file descriptor.
 */
static int do_epoll_create(int flags)
{
        int error, fd;
        struct eventpoll *ep = NULL;
        struct file *file;

        /* Check the EPOLL_* constant for consistency.  */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(EPOLL_CLOEXEC != O_CLOEXEC);

        if (flags & ~EPOLL_CLOEXEC)
                return -EINVAL;
        /*
         * Create the internal data structure ("struct eventpoll").
         */
        error = ep_alloc(&ep);
        if (error < 0)
                return error;
        /*
         * Creates all the items needed to setup an eventpoll file. That is,
         * a file structure and a free file descriptor.
         */
        fd = get_unused_fd_flags(O_RDWR | (flags & O_CLOEXEC));
        if (fd < 0) {
                error = fd;
                goto out_free_ep;
        }
        file = anon_inode_getfile("[eventpoll]", &eventpoll_fops, ep,
                                 O_RDWR | (flags & O_CLOEXEC));
        if (IS_ERR(file)) {
                error = PTR_ERR(file);
                goto out_free_fd;
        }
        ep->file = file;
        fd_install(fd, file);
        return fd;

out_free_fd:
        put_unused_fd(fd);
out_free_ep:
        ep_free(ep);
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(epoll_create1, int, flags)
{
        return do_epoll_create(flags);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(epoll_create, int, size)
{
        if (size <= 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        return do_epoll_create(0);
}

static inline int epoll_mutex_lock(struct mutex *mutex, int depth,
                                   bool nonblock)
{
        if (!nonblock) {
                mutex_lock_nested(mutex, depth);
                return 0;
        }
        if (mutex_trylock(mutex))
                return 0;
        return -EAGAIN;
}

int do_epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *epds,
                 bool nonblock)
{
        int error;
        int full_check = 0;
        struct fd f, tf;
        struct eventpoll *ep;
        struct epitem *epi;
        struct eventpoll *tep = NULL;

        error = -EBADF;
        f = fdget(epfd);
        if (!f.file)
                goto error_return;

        /* Get the "struct file *" for the target file */
        tf = fdget(fd);
        if (!tf.file)
                goto error_fput;

        /* The target file descriptor must support poll */
        error = -EPERM;
        if (!file_can_poll(tf.file))
                goto error_tgt_fput;

        /* Check if EPOLLWAKEUP is allowed */
        if (ep_op_has_event(op))
                ep_take_care_of_epollwakeup(epds);

        /*
         * We have to check that the file structure underneath the file descriptor
         * the user passed to us _is_ an eventpoll file. And also we do not permit
         * adding an epoll file descriptor inside itself.
         */
        error = -EINVAL;
        if (f.file == tf.file || !is_file_epoll(f.file))
                goto error_tgt_fput;

        /*
         * epoll adds to the wakeup queue at EPOLL_CTL_ADD time only,
         * so EPOLLEXCLUSIVE is not allowed for a EPOLL_CTL_MOD operation.
         * Also, we do not currently supported nested exclusive wakeups.
         */
        if (ep_op_has_event(op) && (epds->events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)) {
                if (op == EPOLL_CTL_MOD)
                        goto error_tgt_fput;
                if (op == EPOLL_CTL_ADD && (is_file_epoll(tf.file) ||
                                (epds->events & ~EPOLLEXCLUSIVE_OK_BITS)))
                        goto error_tgt_fput;
        }

        /*
         * At this point it is safe to assume that the "private_data" contains
         * our own data structure.
         */
        ep = f.file->private_data;

        /*
         * When we insert an epoll file descriptor, inside another epoll file
         * descriptor, there is the change of creating closed loops, which are
         * better be handled here, than in more critical paths. While we are
         * checking for loops we also determine the list of files reachable
         * and hang them on the tfile_check_list, so we can check that we
         * haven't created too many possible wakeup paths.
         *
         * We do not need to take the global 'epumutex' on EPOLL_CTL_ADD when
         * the epoll file descriptor is attaching directly to a wakeup source,
         * unless the epoll file descriptor is nested. The purpose of taking the
         * 'epmutex' on add is to prevent complex toplogies such as loops and
         * deep wakeup paths from forming in parallel through multiple
         * EPOLL_CTL_ADD operations.
         */
        error = epoll_mutex_lock(&ep->mtx, 0, nonblock);
        if (error)
                goto error_tgt_fput;
        if (op == EPOLL_CTL_ADD) {
                if (READ_ONCE(f.file->f_ep) || ep->gen == loop_check_gen ||
                    is_file_epoll(tf.file)) {
                        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
                        error = epoll_mutex_lock(&epmutex, 0, nonblock);
                        if (error)
                                goto error_tgt_fput;
                        loop_check_gen++;
                        full_check = 1;
                        if (is_file_epoll(tf.file)) {
                                tep = tf.file->private_data;
                                error = -ELOOP;
                                if (ep_loop_check(ep, tep) != 0)
                                        goto error_tgt_fput;
                        }
                        error = epoll_mutex_lock(&ep->mtx, 0, nonblock);
                        if (error)
                                goto error_tgt_fput;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Try to lookup the file inside our RB tree, Since we grabbed "mtx"
         * above, we can be sure to be able to use the item looked up by
         * ep_find() till we release the mutex.
         */
        epi = ep_find(ep, tf.file, fd);

        error = -EINVAL;
        switch (op) {
        case EPOLL_CTL_ADD:
                if (!epi) {
                        epds->events |= EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
                        error = ep_insert(ep, epds, tf.file, fd, full_check);
                } else
                        error = -EEXIST;
                break;
        case EPOLL_CTL_DEL:
                if (epi)
                        error = ep_remove(ep, epi);
                else
                        error = -ENOENT;
                break;
        case EPOLL_CTL_MOD:
                if (epi) {
                        if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)) {
                                epds->events |= EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
                                error = ep_modify(ep, epi, epds);
                        }
                } else
                        error = -ENOENT;
                break;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

error_tgt_fput:
        if (full_check) {
                clear_tfile_check_list();
                loop_check_gen++;
                mutex_unlock(&epmutex);
        }

        fdput(tf);
error_fput:
        fdput(f);
error_return:

        return error;
}

/*
 * The following function implements the controller interface for
 * the eventpoll file that enables the insertion/removal/change of
 * file descriptors inside the interest set.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_ctl, int, epfd, int, op, int, fd,
                struct epoll_event __user *, event)
{
        struct epoll_event epds;

        if (ep_op_has_event(op) &&
            copy_from_user(&epds, event, sizeof(struct epoll_event)))
                return -EFAULT;

        return do_epoll_ctl(epfd, op, fd, &epds, false);
}

/*
 * Implement the event wait interface for the eventpoll file. It is the kernel
 * part of the user space epoll_wait(2).
 */
static int do_epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event __user *events,
                         int maxevents, int timeout)
{
        int error;
        struct fd f;
        struct eventpoll *ep;

        /* The maximum number of event must be greater than zero */
        if (maxevents <= 0 || maxevents > EP_MAX_EVENTS)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* Verify that the area passed by the user is writeable */
        if (!access_ok(events, maxevents * sizeof(struct epoll_event)))
                return -EFAULT;

        /* Get the "struct file *" for the eventpoll file */
        f = fdget(epfd);
        if (!f.file)
                return -EBADF;

        /*
         * We have to check that the file structure underneath the fd
         * the user passed to us _is_ an eventpoll file.
         */
        error = -EINVAL;
        if (!is_file_epoll(f.file))
                goto error_fput;

        /*
         * At this point it is safe to assume that the "private_data" contains
         * our own data structure.
         */
        ep = f.file->private_data;

        /* Time to fish for events ... */
        error = ep_poll(ep, events, maxevents, timeout);

error_fput:
        fdput(f);
        return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_wait, int, epfd, struct epoll_event __user *, events,
                int, maxevents, int, timeout)
{
        return do_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout);
}

/*
 * Implement the event wait interface for the eventpoll file. It is the kernel
 * part of the user space epoll_pwait(2).
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE6(epoll_pwait, int, epfd, struct epoll_event __user *, events,
                int, maxevents, int, timeout, const sigset_t __user *, sigmask,
                size_t, sigsetsize)
{
        int error;

        /*
         * If the caller wants a certain signal mask to be set during the wait,
         * we apply it here.
         */
        error = set_user_sigmask(sigmask, sigsetsize);
        if (error)
                return error;

        error = do_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout);
        restore_saved_sigmask_unless(error == -EINTR);

        return error;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE6(epoll_pwait, int, epfd,
                        struct epoll_event __user *, events,
                        int, maxevents, int, timeout,
                        const compat_sigset_t __user *, sigmask,
                        compat_size_t, sigsetsize)
{
        long err;

        /*
         * If the caller wants a certain signal mask to be set during the wait,
         * we apply it here.
         */
        err = set_compat_user_sigmask(sigmask, sigsetsize);
        if (err)
                return err;

        err = do_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout);
        restore_saved_sigmask_unless(err == -EINTR);

        return err;
}
#endif

static int __init eventpoll_init(void)
{
        struct sysinfo si;

        si_meminfo(&si);
        /*
         * Allows top 4% of lomem to be allocated for epoll watches (per user).
         */
        max_user_watches = (((si.totalram - si.totalhigh) / 25) << PAGE_SHIFT) /
                EP_ITEM_COST;
        BUG_ON(max_user_watches < 0);

        /*
         * We can have many thousands of epitems, so prevent this from
         * using an extra cache line on 64-bit (and smaller) CPUs
         */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(void *) <= 8 && sizeof(struct epitem) > 128);

        /* Allocates slab cache used to allocate "struct epitem" items */
        epi_cache = kmem_cache_create("eventpoll_epi", sizeof(struct epitem),
                        0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);

        /* Allocates slab cache used to allocate "struct eppoll_entry" */
        pwq_cache = kmem_cache_create("eventpoll_pwq",
                sizeof(struct eppoll_entry), 0, SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);

        ephead_cache = kmem_cache_create("ep_head",
                sizeof(struct epitems_head), 0, SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);

        return 0;
}
fs_initcall(eventpoll_init);