1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * Inline encryption support for fscrypt
5 * Copyright 2019 Google LLC
9 * With "inline encryption", the block layer handles the decryption/encryption
10 * as part of the bio, instead of the filesystem doing the crypto itself via
11 * crypto API. See Documentation/block/inline-encryption.rst. fscrypt still
12 * provides the key and IV to use.
15 #include <linux/blk-crypto.h>
16 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
17 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
18 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
19 #include <linux/slab.h>
20 #include <linux/uio.h>
22 #include "fscrypt_private.h"
24 static struct block_device **fscrypt_get_devices(struct super_block *sb,
25 unsigned int *num_devs)
27 struct block_device **devs;
29 if (sb->s_cop->get_devices) {
30 devs = sb->s_cop->get_devices(sb, num_devs);
34 devs = kmalloc(sizeof(*devs), GFP_KERNEL);
36 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
42 static unsigned int fscrypt_get_dun_bytes(const struct fscrypt_info *ci)
44 struct super_block *sb = ci->ci_inode->i_sb;
45 unsigned int flags = fscrypt_policy_flags(&ci->ci_policy);
46 int ino_bits = 64, lblk_bits = 64;
48 if (flags & FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_DIRECT_KEY)
49 return offsetofend(union fscrypt_iv, nonce);
51 if (flags & FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_IV_INO_LBLK_64)
52 return sizeof(__le64);
54 if (flags & FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_IV_INO_LBLK_32)
55 return sizeof(__le32);
57 /* Default case: IVs are just the file logical block number */
58 if (sb->s_cop->get_ino_and_lblk_bits)
59 sb->s_cop->get_ino_and_lblk_bits(sb, &ino_bits, &lblk_bits);
60 return DIV_ROUND_UP(lblk_bits, 8);
64 * Log a message when starting to use blk-crypto (native) or blk-crypto-fallback
65 * for an encryption mode for the first time. This is the blk-crypto
66 * counterpart to the message logged when starting to use the crypto API for the
67 * first time. A limitation is that these messages don't convey which specific
68 * filesystems or files are using each implementation. However, *usually*
69 * systems use just one implementation per mode, which makes these messages
70 * helpful for debugging problems where the "wrong" implementation is used.
72 static void fscrypt_log_blk_crypto_impl(struct fscrypt_mode *mode,
73 struct block_device **devs,
74 unsigned int num_devs,
75 const struct blk_crypto_config *cfg)
79 for (i = 0; i < num_devs; i++) {
80 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BLK_INLINE_ENCRYPTION_FALLBACK) ||
81 blk_crypto_config_supported_natively(devs[i], cfg)) {
82 if (!xchg(&mode->logged_blk_crypto_native, 1))
83 pr_info("fscrypt: %s using blk-crypto (native)\n",
85 } else if (!xchg(&mode->logged_blk_crypto_fallback, 1)) {
86 pr_info("fscrypt: %s using blk-crypto-fallback\n",
92 /* Enable inline encryption for this file if supported. */
93 int fscrypt_select_encryption_impl(struct fscrypt_info *ci)
95 const struct inode *inode = ci->ci_inode;
96 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
97 struct blk_crypto_config crypto_cfg;
98 struct block_device **devs;
99 unsigned int num_devs;
102 /* The file must need contents encryption, not filenames encryption */
103 if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
106 /* The crypto mode must have a blk-crypto counterpart */
107 if (ci->ci_mode->blk_crypto_mode == BLK_ENCRYPTION_MODE_INVALID)
110 /* The filesystem must be mounted with -o inlinecrypt */
111 if (!(sb->s_flags & SB_INLINECRYPT))
115 * When a page contains multiple logically contiguous filesystem blocks,
116 * some filesystem code only calls fscrypt_mergeable_bio() for the first
117 * block in the page. This is fine for most of fscrypt's IV generation
118 * strategies, where contiguous blocks imply contiguous IVs. But it
119 * doesn't work with IV_INO_LBLK_32. For now, simply exclude
120 * IV_INO_LBLK_32 with blocksize != PAGE_SIZE from inline encryption.
122 if ((fscrypt_policy_flags(&ci->ci_policy) &
123 FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_IV_INO_LBLK_32) &&
124 sb->s_blocksize != PAGE_SIZE)
128 * On all the filesystem's block devices, blk-crypto must support the
129 * crypto configuration that the file would use.
131 crypto_cfg.crypto_mode = ci->ci_mode->blk_crypto_mode;
132 crypto_cfg.data_unit_size = sb->s_blocksize;
133 crypto_cfg.dun_bytes = fscrypt_get_dun_bytes(ci);
135 devs = fscrypt_get_devices(sb, &num_devs);
137 return PTR_ERR(devs);
139 for (i = 0; i < num_devs; i++) {
140 if (!blk_crypto_config_supported(devs[i], &crypto_cfg))
144 fscrypt_log_blk_crypto_impl(ci->ci_mode, devs, num_devs, &crypto_cfg);
146 ci->ci_inlinecrypt = true;
153 int fscrypt_prepare_inline_crypt_key(struct fscrypt_prepared_key *prep_key,
155 const struct fscrypt_info *ci)
157 const struct inode *inode = ci->ci_inode;
158 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
159 enum blk_crypto_mode_num crypto_mode = ci->ci_mode->blk_crypto_mode;
160 struct blk_crypto_key *blk_key;
161 struct block_device **devs;
162 unsigned int num_devs;
166 blk_key = kmalloc(sizeof(*blk_key), GFP_KERNEL);
170 err = blk_crypto_init_key(blk_key, raw_key, crypto_mode,
171 fscrypt_get_dun_bytes(ci), sb->s_blocksize);
173 fscrypt_err(inode, "error %d initializing blk-crypto key", err);
177 /* Start using blk-crypto on all the filesystem's block devices. */
178 devs = fscrypt_get_devices(sb, &num_devs);
183 for (i = 0; i < num_devs; i++) {
184 err = blk_crypto_start_using_key(devs[i], blk_key);
190 fscrypt_err(inode, "error %d starting to use blk-crypto", err);
195 * Pairs with the smp_load_acquire() in fscrypt_is_key_prepared().
196 * I.e., here we publish ->blk_key with a RELEASE barrier so that
197 * concurrent tasks can ACQUIRE it. Note that this concurrency is only
198 * possible for per-mode keys, not for per-file keys.
200 smp_store_release(&prep_key->blk_key, blk_key);
204 kfree_sensitive(blk_key);
208 void fscrypt_destroy_inline_crypt_key(struct super_block *sb,
209 struct fscrypt_prepared_key *prep_key)
211 struct blk_crypto_key *blk_key = prep_key->blk_key;
212 struct block_device **devs;
213 unsigned int num_devs;
219 /* Evict the key from all the filesystem's block devices. */
220 devs = fscrypt_get_devices(sb, &num_devs);
222 for (i = 0; i < num_devs; i++)
223 blk_crypto_evict_key(devs[i], blk_key);
226 kfree_sensitive(blk_key);
229 bool __fscrypt_inode_uses_inline_crypto(const struct inode *inode)
231 return inode->i_crypt_info->ci_inlinecrypt;
233 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__fscrypt_inode_uses_inline_crypto);
235 static void fscrypt_generate_dun(const struct fscrypt_info *ci, u64 lblk_num,
236 u64 dun[BLK_CRYPTO_DUN_ARRAY_SIZE])
241 fscrypt_generate_iv(&iv, lblk_num, ci);
243 BUILD_BUG_ON(FSCRYPT_MAX_IV_SIZE > BLK_CRYPTO_MAX_IV_SIZE);
244 memset(dun, 0, BLK_CRYPTO_MAX_IV_SIZE);
245 for (i = 0; i < ci->ci_mode->ivsize/sizeof(dun[0]); i++)
246 dun[i] = le64_to_cpu(iv.dun[i]);
250 * fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx() - prepare a file contents bio for inline crypto
251 * @bio: a bio which will eventually be submitted to the file
252 * @inode: the file's inode
253 * @first_lblk: the first file logical block number in the I/O
254 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags - these must be a waiting mask so that
255 * bio_crypt_set_ctx can't fail.
257 * If the contents of the file should be encrypted (or decrypted) with inline
258 * encryption, then assign the appropriate encryption context to the bio.
260 * Normally the bio should be newly allocated (i.e. no pages added yet), as
261 * otherwise fscrypt_mergeable_bio() won't work as intended.
263 * The encryption context will be freed automatically when the bio is freed.
265 void fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx(struct bio *bio, const struct inode *inode,
266 u64 first_lblk, gfp_t gfp_mask)
268 const struct fscrypt_info *ci;
269 u64 dun[BLK_CRYPTO_DUN_ARRAY_SIZE];
271 if (!fscrypt_inode_uses_inline_crypto(inode))
273 ci = inode->i_crypt_info;
275 fscrypt_generate_dun(ci, first_lblk, dun);
276 bio_crypt_set_ctx(bio, ci->ci_enc_key.blk_key, dun, gfp_mask);
278 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx);
280 /* Extract the inode and logical block number from a buffer_head. */
281 static bool bh_get_inode_and_lblk_num(const struct buffer_head *bh,
282 const struct inode **inode_ret,
285 struct page *page = bh->b_page;
286 const struct address_space *mapping;
287 const struct inode *inode;
290 * The ext4 journal (jbd2) can submit a buffer_head it directly created
291 * for a non-pagecache page. fscrypt doesn't care about these.
293 mapping = page_mapping(page);
296 inode = mapping->host;
299 *lblk_num_ret = ((u64)page->index << (PAGE_SHIFT - inode->i_blkbits)) +
300 (bh_offset(bh) >> inode->i_blkbits);
305 * fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx_bh() - prepare a file contents bio for inline
307 * @bio: a bio which will eventually be submitted to the file
308 * @first_bh: the first buffer_head for which I/O will be submitted
309 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
311 * Same as fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx(), except this takes a buffer_head instead
312 * of an inode and block number directly.
314 void fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx_bh(struct bio *bio,
315 const struct buffer_head *first_bh,
318 const struct inode *inode;
321 if (bh_get_inode_and_lblk_num(first_bh, &inode, &first_lblk))
322 fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx(bio, inode, first_lblk, gfp_mask);
324 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx_bh);
327 * fscrypt_mergeable_bio() - test whether data can be added to a bio
328 * @bio: the bio being built up
329 * @inode: the inode for the next part of the I/O
330 * @next_lblk: the next file logical block number in the I/O
332 * When building a bio which may contain data which should undergo inline
333 * encryption (or decryption) via fscrypt, filesystems should call this function
334 * to ensure that the resulting bio contains only contiguous data unit numbers.
335 * This will return false if the next part of the I/O cannot be merged with the
336 * bio because either the encryption key would be different or the encryption
337 * data unit numbers would be discontiguous.
339 * fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx() must have already been called on the bio.
341 * This function isn't required in cases where crypto-mergeability is ensured in
342 * another way, such as I/O targeting only a single file (and thus a single key)
343 * combined with fscrypt_limit_io_blocks() to ensure DUN contiguity.
345 * Return: true iff the I/O is mergeable
347 bool fscrypt_mergeable_bio(struct bio *bio, const struct inode *inode,
350 const struct bio_crypt_ctx *bc = bio->bi_crypt_context;
351 u64 next_dun[BLK_CRYPTO_DUN_ARRAY_SIZE];
353 if (!!bc != fscrypt_inode_uses_inline_crypto(inode))
359 * Comparing the key pointers is good enough, as all I/O for each key
360 * uses the same pointer. I.e., there's currently no need to support
361 * merging requests where the keys are the same but the pointers differ.
363 if (bc->bc_key != inode->i_crypt_info->ci_enc_key.blk_key)
366 fscrypt_generate_dun(inode->i_crypt_info, next_lblk, next_dun);
367 return bio_crypt_dun_is_contiguous(bc, bio->bi_iter.bi_size, next_dun);
369 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fscrypt_mergeable_bio);
372 * fscrypt_mergeable_bio_bh() - test whether data can be added to a bio
373 * @bio: the bio being built up
374 * @next_bh: the next buffer_head for which I/O will be submitted
376 * Same as fscrypt_mergeable_bio(), except this takes a buffer_head instead of
377 * an inode and block number directly.
379 * Return: true iff the I/O is mergeable
381 bool fscrypt_mergeable_bio_bh(struct bio *bio,
382 const struct buffer_head *next_bh)
384 const struct inode *inode;
387 if (!bh_get_inode_and_lblk_num(next_bh, &inode, &next_lblk))
388 return !bio->bi_crypt_context;
390 return fscrypt_mergeable_bio(bio, inode, next_lblk);
392 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fscrypt_mergeable_bio_bh);
395 * fscrypt_dio_supported() - check whether DIO (direct I/O) is supported on an
396 * inode, as far as encryption is concerned
397 * @inode: the inode in question
399 * Return: %true if there are no encryption constraints that prevent DIO from
400 * being supported; %false if DIO is unsupported. (Note that in the
401 * %true case, the filesystem might have other, non-encryption-related
402 * constraints that prevent DIO from actually being supported. Also, on
403 * encrypted files the filesystem is still responsible for only allowing
404 * DIO when requests are filesystem-block-aligned.)
406 bool fscrypt_dio_supported(struct inode *inode)
410 /* If the file is unencrypted, no veto from us. */
411 if (!fscrypt_needs_contents_encryption(inode))
415 * We only support DIO with inline crypto, not fs-layer crypto.
417 * To determine whether the inode is using inline crypto, we have to set
418 * up the key if it wasn't already done. This is because in the current
419 * design of fscrypt, the decision of whether to use inline crypto or
420 * not isn't made until the inode's encryption key is being set up. In
421 * the DIO read/write case, the key will always be set up already, since
422 * the file will be open. But in the case of statx(), the key might not
423 * be set up yet, as the file might not have been opened yet.
425 err = fscrypt_require_key(inode);
428 * Key unavailable or couldn't be set up. This edge case isn't
429 * worth worrying about; just report that DIO is unsupported.
433 return fscrypt_inode_uses_inline_crypto(inode);
435 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fscrypt_dio_supported);
438 * fscrypt_limit_io_blocks() - limit I/O blocks to avoid discontiguous DUNs
439 * @inode: the file on which I/O is being done
440 * @lblk: the block at which the I/O is being started from
441 * @nr_blocks: the number of blocks we want to submit starting at @lblk
443 * Determine the limit to the number of blocks that can be submitted in a bio
444 * targeting @lblk without causing a data unit number (DUN) discontiguity.
446 * This is normally just @nr_blocks, as normally the DUNs just increment along
447 * with the logical blocks. (Or the file is not encrypted.)
449 * In rare cases, fscrypt can be using an IV generation method that allows the
450 * DUN to wrap around within logically contiguous blocks, and that wraparound
451 * will occur. If this happens, a value less than @nr_blocks will be returned
452 * so that the wraparound doesn't occur in the middle of a bio, which would
453 * cause encryption/decryption to produce wrong results.
455 * Return: the actual number of blocks that can be submitted
457 u64 fscrypt_limit_io_blocks(const struct inode *inode, u64 lblk, u64 nr_blocks)
459 const struct fscrypt_info *ci;
462 if (!fscrypt_inode_uses_inline_crypto(inode))
468 ci = inode->i_crypt_info;
469 if (!(fscrypt_policy_flags(&ci->ci_policy) &
470 FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_IV_INO_LBLK_32))
473 /* With IV_INO_LBLK_32, the DUN can wrap around from U32_MAX to 0. */
475 dun = ci->ci_hashed_ino + lblk;
477 return min_t(u64, nr_blocks, (u64)U32_MAX + 1 - dun);
479 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fscrypt_limit_io_blocks);