4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 #include <linux/init.h>
9 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/string.h>
13 #include <linux/major.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/kobject.h>
19 #include <linux/kobj_map.h>
20 #include <linux/cdev.h>
21 #include <linux/mutex.h>
22 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
23 #include <linux/tty.h>
28 * capabilities for /dev/mem, /dev/kmem and similar directly mappable character
30 * - permits shared-mmap for read, write and/or exec
31 * - does not permit private mmap in NOMMU mode (can't do COW)
32 * - no readahead or I/O queue unplugging required
34 struct backing_dev_info directly_mappable_cdev_bdi = {
38 /* permit private copies of the data to be taken */
41 /* permit direct mmap, for read, write or exec */
43 BDI_CAP_READ_MAP | BDI_CAP_WRITE_MAP | BDI_CAP_EXEC_MAP |
44 /* no writeback happens */
45 BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK),
48 static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
50 static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
52 static struct char_device_struct {
53 struct char_device_struct *next;
55 unsigned int baseminor;
58 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
59 } *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
61 /* index in the above */
62 static inline int major_to_index(unsigned major)
64 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
69 void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
71 struct char_device_struct *cd;
73 if (offset < CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
74 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
75 for (cd = chrdevs[offset]; cd; cd = cd->next)
76 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
77 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
81 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
84 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
86 * If major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
89 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the passed range of
90 * minors and will return zero on success.
92 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
94 static struct char_device_struct *
95 __register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
96 int minorct, const char *name)
98 struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
102 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
104 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
106 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
110 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > 0; i--) {
111 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
123 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
124 cd->minorct = minorct;
125 strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
127 i = major_to_index(major);
129 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
130 if ((*cp)->major > major ||
131 ((*cp)->major == major &&
132 (((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||
133 ((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
136 /* Check for overlapping minor ranges. */
137 if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
138 int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
139 int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
140 int new_min = baseminor;
141 int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
143 /* New driver overlaps from the left. */
144 if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
149 /* New driver overlaps from the right. */
150 if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
158 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
161 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
166 static struct char_device_struct *
167 __unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
169 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
170 int i = major_to_index(major);
172 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
173 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
174 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
175 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
176 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
182 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
187 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
188 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
190 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
191 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
193 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
195 int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
197 struct char_device_struct *cd;
198 dev_t to = from + count;
201 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
202 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
205 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
213 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
214 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
215 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
221 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
222 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
223 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
224 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
225 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
227 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
228 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
229 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
231 int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
234 struct char_device_struct *cd;
235 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
238 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
243 * __register_chrdev() - create and register a cdev occupying a range of minors
244 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
245 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
246 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
247 * @name: name of this range of devices
248 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
250 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
253 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
254 * major number and will return zero on success.
256 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
258 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
259 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
260 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
261 * of the module here.
263 int __register_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
264 unsigned int count, const char *name,
265 const struct file_operations *fops)
267 struct char_device_struct *cd;
271 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count, name);
279 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
281 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
283 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, baseminor), count);
289 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
291 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
293 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, baseminor, count));
298 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
299 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
300 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
302 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
303 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
304 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
306 void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
308 dev_t to = from + count;
311 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
312 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
315 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
320 * __unregister_chrdev - unregister and destroy a cdev
321 * @major: major device number
322 * @baseminor: first of the range of minor numbers
323 * @count: the number of minor numbers this cdev is occupying
324 * @name: name of this range of devices
326 * Unregister and destroy the cdev occupying the region described by
327 * @major, @baseminor and @count. This function undoes what
328 * __register_chrdev() did.
330 void __unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
331 unsigned int count, const char *name)
333 struct char_device_struct *cd;
335 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count);
341 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
343 static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
345 struct module *owner = p->owner;
346 struct kobject *kobj;
348 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
350 kobj = kobject_get(&p->kobj);
356 void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
359 struct module *owner = p->owner;
360 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
366 * Called every time a character special file is opened
368 static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
370 const struct file_operations *fops;
372 struct cdev *new = NULL;
375 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
378 struct kobject *kobj;
380 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
381 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
384 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
385 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
386 /* Check i_cdev again in case somebody beat us to it while
387 we dropped the lock. */
390 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
391 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
393 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
395 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
397 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
403 fops = fops_get(p->ops);
407 replace_fops(filp, fops);
408 if (filp->f_op->open) {
409 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode, filp);
421 void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
423 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
424 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
425 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
426 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
429 static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
431 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
432 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
434 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
435 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
436 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
438 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
442 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
443 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
444 * depending on the special file...
446 const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
448 .llseek = noop_llseek,
451 static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
453 struct cdev *p = data;
457 static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
459 struct cdev *p = data;
460 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
464 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
465 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
466 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
467 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
470 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
471 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
473 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
480 error = kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL,
481 exact_match, exact_lock, p);
485 kobject_get(p->kobj.parent);
490 static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
492 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
496 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
497 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
499 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
502 void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
504 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
505 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
509 static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
511 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
512 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
518 static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
520 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
521 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
528 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
529 .release = cdev_default_release,
532 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
533 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
537 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
539 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
541 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
543 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
545 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
546 kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);
552 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
553 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
554 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
556 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
557 * system with cdev_add().
559 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
561 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
562 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
563 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
567 static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
569 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
570 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
571 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
575 void __init chrdev_init(void)
577 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
578 if (bdi_init(&directly_mappable_cdev_bdi))
579 panic("Failed to init directly mappable cdev bdi");
583 /* Let modules do char dev stuff */
584 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
585 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
586 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
587 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
588 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
589 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
590 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
591 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__register_chrdev);
592 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__unregister_chrdev);
593 EXPORT_SYMBOL(directly_mappable_cdev_bdi);