4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 #include <linux/init.h>
9 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/string.h>
13 #include <linux/major.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/kobject.h>
19 #include <linux/kobj_map.h>
20 #include <linux/cdev.h>
21 #include <linux/mutex.h>
22 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
23 #include <linux/tty.h>
27 static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
29 static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
31 #define CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE 255
33 static struct char_device_struct {
34 struct char_device_struct *next;
36 unsigned int baseminor;
39 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
40 } *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
42 /* index in the above */
43 static inline int major_to_index(unsigned major)
45 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
50 void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
52 struct char_device_struct *cd;
54 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
55 for (cd = chrdevs[major_to_index(offset)]; cd; cd = cd->next) {
56 if (cd->major == offset)
57 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
59 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
62 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
64 static int find_dynamic_major(void)
67 struct char_device_struct *cd;
69 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_END; i--) {
70 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
74 for (i = CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START;
75 i > CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END; i--) {
76 for (cd = chrdevs[major_to_index(i)]; cd; cd = cd->next)
80 if (cd == NULL || cd->major != i)
88 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
90 * If major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
93 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the passed range of
94 * minors and will return zero on success.
96 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
98 static struct char_device_struct *
99 __register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
100 int minorct, const char *name)
102 struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
106 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
108 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
110 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
113 ret = find_dynamic_major();
115 pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" dynamic allocation region is full\n",
122 if (major >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_MAX) {
123 pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" major requested (%d) is greater than the maximum (%d)\n",
124 name, major, CHRDEV_MAJOR_MAX);
130 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
131 cd->minorct = minorct;
132 strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
134 i = major_to_index(major);
136 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
137 if ((*cp)->major > major ||
138 ((*cp)->major == major &&
139 (((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||
140 ((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
143 /* Check for overlapping minor ranges. */
144 if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
145 int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
146 int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
147 int new_min = baseminor;
148 int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
150 /* New driver overlaps from the left. */
151 if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
156 /* New driver overlaps from the right. */
157 if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
165 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
168 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
173 static struct char_device_struct *
174 __unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
176 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
177 int i = major_to_index(major);
179 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
180 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
181 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
182 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
183 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
189 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
194 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
195 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
197 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
198 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
200 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
202 int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
204 struct char_device_struct *cd;
205 dev_t to = from + count;
208 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
209 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
212 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
220 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
221 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
222 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
228 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
229 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
230 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
231 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
232 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
234 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
235 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
236 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
238 int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
241 struct char_device_struct *cd;
242 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
245 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
250 * __register_chrdev() - create and register a cdev occupying a range of minors
251 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
252 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
253 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
254 * @name: name of this range of devices
255 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
257 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
260 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
261 * major number and will return zero on success.
263 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
265 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
266 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
267 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
268 * of the module here.
270 int __register_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
271 unsigned int count, const char *name,
272 const struct file_operations *fops)
274 struct char_device_struct *cd;
278 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count, name);
286 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
288 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
290 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, baseminor), count);
296 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
298 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
300 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, baseminor, count));
305 * unregister_chrdev_region() - unregister a range of device numbers
306 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
307 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
309 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
310 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
311 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
313 void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
315 dev_t to = from + count;
318 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
319 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
322 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
327 * __unregister_chrdev - unregister and destroy a cdev
328 * @major: major device number
329 * @baseminor: first of the range of minor numbers
330 * @count: the number of minor numbers this cdev is occupying
331 * @name: name of this range of devices
333 * Unregister and destroy the cdev occupying the region described by
334 * @major, @baseminor and @count. This function undoes what
335 * __register_chrdev() did.
337 void __unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
338 unsigned int count, const char *name)
340 struct char_device_struct *cd;
342 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count);
348 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
350 static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
352 struct module *owner = p->owner;
353 struct kobject *kobj;
355 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
357 kobj = kobject_get(&p->kobj);
363 void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
366 struct module *owner = p->owner;
367 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
373 * Called every time a character special file is opened
375 static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
377 const struct file_operations *fops;
379 struct cdev *new = NULL;
382 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
385 struct kobject *kobj;
387 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
388 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
391 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
392 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
393 /* Check i_cdev again in case somebody beat us to it while
394 we dropped the lock. */
397 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
398 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
400 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
402 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
404 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
410 fops = fops_get(p->ops);
414 replace_fops(filp, fops);
415 if (filp->f_op->open) {
416 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode, filp);
428 void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
430 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
431 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
432 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
433 inode->i_mapping = &inode->i_data;
434 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
437 static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
439 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
440 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
442 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
443 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
444 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
446 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
450 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
451 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
452 * depending on the special file...
454 const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
456 .llseek = noop_llseek,
459 static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
461 struct cdev *p = data;
465 static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
467 struct cdev *p = data;
468 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
472 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
473 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
474 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
475 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
478 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
479 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
481 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
488 error = kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL,
489 exact_match, exact_lock, p);
493 kobject_get(p->kobj.parent);
499 * cdev_set_parent() - set the parent kobject for a char device
500 * @p: the cdev structure
501 * @kobj: the kobject to take a reference to
503 * cdev_set_parent() sets a parent kobject which will be referenced
504 * appropriately so the parent is not freed before the cdev. This
505 * should be called before cdev_add.
507 void cdev_set_parent(struct cdev *p, struct kobject *kobj)
509 WARN_ON(!kobj->state_initialized);
510 p->kobj.parent = kobj;
514 * cdev_device_add() - add a char device and it's corresponding
515 * struct device, linkink
516 * @dev: the device structure
517 * @cdev: the cdev structure
519 * cdev_device_add() adds the char device represented by @cdev to the system,
520 * just as cdev_add does. It then adds @dev to the system using device_add
521 * The dev_t for the char device will be taken from the struct device which
522 * needs to be initialized first. This helper function correctly takes a
523 * reference to the parent device so the parent will not get released until
524 * all references to the cdev are released.
526 * This helper uses dev->devt for the device number. If it is not set
527 * it will not add the cdev and it will be equivalent to device_add.
529 * This function should be used whenever the struct cdev and the
530 * struct device are members of the same structure whose lifetime is
531 * managed by the struct device.
533 * NOTE: Callers must assume that userspace was able to open the cdev and
534 * can call cdev fops callbacks at any time, even if this function fails.
536 int cdev_device_add(struct cdev *cdev, struct device *dev)
541 cdev_set_parent(cdev, &dev->kobj);
543 rc = cdev_add(cdev, dev->devt, 1);
548 rc = device_add(dev);
556 * cdev_device_del() - inverse of cdev_device_add
557 * @dev: the device structure
558 * @cdev: the cdev structure
560 * cdev_device_del() is a helper function to call cdev_del and device_del.
561 * It should be used whenever cdev_device_add is used.
563 * If dev->devt is not set it will not remove the cdev and will be equivalent
566 * NOTE: This guarantees that associated sysfs callbacks are not running
567 * or runnable, however any cdevs already open will remain and their fops
568 * will still be callable even after this function returns.
570 void cdev_device_del(struct cdev *cdev, struct device *dev)
577 static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
579 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
583 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
584 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
586 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
589 * NOTE: This guarantees that cdev device will no longer be able to be
590 * opened, however any cdevs already open will remain and their fops will
591 * still be callable even after cdev_del returns.
593 void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
595 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
596 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
600 static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
602 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
603 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
609 static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
611 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
612 struct kobject *parent = kobj->parent;
619 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
620 .release = cdev_default_release,
623 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
624 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
628 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
630 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
632 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
634 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
636 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
637 kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);
643 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
644 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
645 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
647 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
648 * system with cdev_add().
650 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
652 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
653 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
654 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
658 static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
660 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
661 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
662 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
666 void __init chrdev_init(void)
668 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
672 /* Let modules do char dev stuff */
673 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
674 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
675 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
676 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
677 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
678 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
679 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
680 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_set_parent);
681 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_device_add);
682 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_device_del);
683 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__register_chrdev);
684 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__unregister_chrdev);