Merge tag 'powerpc-6.6-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc...

[platform/kernel/linux-starfive.git] / fs / btrfs / ctree.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007,2008 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 */

#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/error-injection.h>
#include "messages.h"
#include "ctree.h"
#include "disk-io.h"
#include "transaction.h"
#include "print-tree.h"
#include "locking.h"
#include "volumes.h"
#include "qgroup.h"
#include "tree-mod-log.h"
#include "tree-checker.h"
#include "fs.h"
#include "accessors.h"
#include "extent-tree.h"
#include "relocation.h"
#include "file-item.h"

static struct kmem_cache *btrfs_path_cachep;

static int split_node(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root
                      *root, struct btrfs_path *path, int level);
static int split_leaf(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root *root,
                      const struct btrfs_key *ins_key, struct btrfs_path *path,
                      int data_size, int extend);
static int push_node_left(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                          struct extent_buffer *dst,
                          struct extent_buffer *src, int empty);
static int balance_node_right(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                              struct extent_buffer *dst_buf,
                              struct extent_buffer *src_buf);

static const struct btrfs_csums {
        u16             size;
        const char      name[10];
        const char      driver[12];
} btrfs_csums[] = {
        [BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_CRC32] = { .size = 4, .name = "crc32c" },
        [BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_XXHASH] = { .size = 8, .name = "xxhash64" },
        [BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_SHA256] = { .size = 32, .name = "sha256" },
        [BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_BLAKE2] = { .size = 32, .name = "blake2b",
                                     .driver = "blake2b-256" },
};

/*
 * The leaf data grows from end-to-front in the node.  this returns the address
 * of the start of the last item, which is the stop of the leaf data stack.
 */
static unsigned int leaf_data_end(const struct extent_buffer *leaf)
{
        u32 nr = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);

        if (nr == 0)
                return BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(leaf->fs_info);
        return btrfs_item_offset(leaf, nr - 1);
}

/*
 * Move data in a @leaf (using memmove, safe for overlapping ranges).
 *
 * @leaf:       leaf that we're doing a memmove on
 * @dst_offset: item data offset we're moving to
 * @src_offset: item data offset were' moving from
 * @len:        length of the data we're moving
 *
 * Wrapper around memmove_extent_buffer() that takes into account the header on
 * the leaf.  The btrfs_item offset's start directly after the header, so we
 * have to adjust any offsets to account for the header in the leaf.  This
 * handles that math to simplify the callers.
 */
static inline void memmove_leaf_data(const struct extent_buffer *leaf,
                                     unsigned long dst_offset,
                                     unsigned long src_offset,
                                     unsigned long len)
{
        memmove_extent_buffer(leaf, btrfs_item_nr_offset(leaf, 0) + dst_offset,
                              btrfs_item_nr_offset(leaf, 0) + src_offset, len);
}

/*
 * Copy item data from @src into @dst at the given @offset.
 *
 * @dst:        destination leaf that we're copying into
 * @src:        source leaf that we're copying from
 * @dst_offset: item data offset we're copying to
 * @src_offset: item data offset were' copying from
 * @len:        length of the data we're copying
 *
 * Wrapper around copy_extent_buffer() that takes into account the header on
 * the leaf.  The btrfs_item offset's start directly after the header, so we
 * have to adjust any offsets to account for the header in the leaf.  This
 * handles that math to simplify the callers.
 */
static inline void copy_leaf_data(const struct extent_buffer *dst,
                                  const struct extent_buffer *src,
                                  unsigned long dst_offset,
                                  unsigned long src_offset, unsigned long len)
{
        copy_extent_buffer(dst, src, btrfs_item_nr_offset(dst, 0) + dst_offset,
                           btrfs_item_nr_offset(src, 0) + src_offset, len);
}

/*
 * Move items in a @leaf (using memmove).
 *
 * @dst:        destination leaf for the items
 * @dst_item:   the item nr we're copying into
 * @src_item:   the item nr we're copying from
 * @nr_items:   the number of items to copy
 *
 * Wrapper around memmove_extent_buffer() that does the math to get the
 * appropriate offsets into the leaf from the item numbers.
 */
static inline void memmove_leaf_items(const struct extent_buffer *leaf,
                                      int dst_item, int src_item, int nr_items)
{
        memmove_extent_buffer(leaf, btrfs_item_nr_offset(leaf, dst_item),
                              btrfs_item_nr_offset(leaf, src_item),
                              nr_items * sizeof(struct btrfs_item));
}

/*
 * Copy items from @src into @dst at the given @offset.
 *
 * @dst:        destination leaf for the items
 * @src:        source leaf for the items
 * @dst_item:   the item nr we're copying into
 * @src_item:   the item nr we're copying from
 * @nr_items:   the number of items to copy
 *
 * Wrapper around copy_extent_buffer() that does the math to get the
 * appropriate offsets into the leaf from the item numbers.
 */
static inline void copy_leaf_items(const struct extent_buffer *dst,
                                   const struct extent_buffer *src,
                                   int dst_item, int src_item, int nr_items)
{
        copy_extent_buffer(dst, src, btrfs_item_nr_offset(dst, dst_item),
                              btrfs_item_nr_offset(src, src_item),
                              nr_items * sizeof(struct btrfs_item));
}

/* This exists for btrfs-progs usages. */
u16 btrfs_csum_type_size(u16 type)
{
        return btrfs_csums[type].size;
}

int btrfs_super_csum_size(const struct btrfs_super_block *s)
{
        u16 t = btrfs_super_csum_type(s);
        /*
         * csum type is validated at mount time
         */
        return btrfs_csum_type_size(t);
}

const char *btrfs_super_csum_name(u16 csum_type)
{
        /* csum type is validated at mount time */
        return btrfs_csums[csum_type].name;
}

/*
 * Return driver name if defined, otherwise the name that's also a valid driver
 * name
 */
const char *btrfs_super_csum_driver(u16 csum_type)
{
        /* csum type is validated at mount time */
        return btrfs_csums[csum_type].driver[0] ?
                btrfs_csums[csum_type].driver :
                btrfs_csums[csum_type].name;
}

size_t __attribute_const__ btrfs_get_num_csums(void)
{
        return ARRAY_SIZE(btrfs_csums);
}

struct btrfs_path *btrfs_alloc_path(void)
{
        might_sleep();

        return kmem_cache_zalloc(btrfs_path_cachep, GFP_NOFS);
}

/* this also releases the path */
void btrfs_free_path(struct btrfs_path *p)
{
        if (!p)
                return;
        btrfs_release_path(p);
        kmem_cache_free(btrfs_path_cachep, p);
}

/*
 * path release drops references on the extent buffers in the path
 * and it drops any locks held by this path
 *
 * It is safe to call this on paths that no locks or extent buffers held.
 */
noinline void btrfs_release_path(struct btrfs_path *p)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL; i++) {
                p->slots[i] = 0;
                if (!p->nodes[i])
                        continue;
                if (p->locks[i]) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock_rw(p->nodes[i], p->locks[i]);
                        p->locks[i] = 0;
                }
                free_extent_buffer(p->nodes[i]);
                p->nodes[i] = NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * We want the transaction abort to print stack trace only for errors where the
 * cause could be a bug, eg. due to ENOSPC, and not for common errors that are
 * caused by external factors.
 */
bool __cold abort_should_print_stack(int errno)
{
        switch (errno) {
        case -EIO:
        case -EROFS:
        case -ENOMEM:
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

/*
 * safely gets a reference on the root node of a tree.  A lock
 * is not taken, so a concurrent writer may put a different node
 * at the root of the tree.  See btrfs_lock_root_node for the
 * looping required.
 *
 * The extent buffer returned by this has a reference taken, so
 * it won't disappear.  It may stop being the root of the tree
 * at any time because there are no locks held.
 */
struct extent_buffer *btrfs_root_node(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct extent_buffer *eb;

        while (1) {
                rcu_read_lock();
                eb = rcu_dereference(root->node);

                /*
                 * RCU really hurts here, we could free up the root node because
                 * it was COWed but we may not get the new root node yet so do
                 * the inc_not_zero dance and if it doesn't work then
                 * synchronize_rcu and try again.
                 */
                if (atomic_inc_not_zero(&eb->refs)) {
                        rcu_read_unlock();
                        break;
                }
                rcu_read_unlock();
                synchronize_rcu();
        }
        return eb;
}

/*
 * Cowonly root (not-shareable trees, everything not subvolume or reloc roots),
 * just get put onto a simple dirty list.  Transaction walks this list to make
 * sure they get properly updated on disk.
 */
static void add_root_to_dirty_list(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_DIRTY, &root->state) ||
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_TRACK_DIRTY, &root->state))
                return;

        spin_lock(&fs_info->trans_lock);
        if (!test_and_set_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_DIRTY, &root->state)) {
                /* Want the extent tree to be the last on the list */
                if (root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_EXTENT_TREE_OBJECTID)
                        list_move_tail(&root->dirty_list,
                                       &fs_info->dirty_cowonly_roots);
                else
                        list_move(&root->dirty_list,
                                  &fs_info->dirty_cowonly_roots);
        }
        spin_unlock(&fs_info->trans_lock);
}

/*
 * used by snapshot creation to make a copy of a root for a tree with
 * a given objectid.  The buffer with the new root node is returned in
 * cow_ret, and this func returns zero on success or a negative error code.
 */
int btrfs_copy_root(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                      struct btrfs_root *root,
                      struct extent_buffer *buf,
                      struct extent_buffer **cow_ret, u64 new_root_objectid)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *cow;
        int ret = 0;
        int level;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;

        WARN_ON(test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_SHAREABLE, &root->state) &&
                trans->transid != fs_info->running_transaction->transid);
        WARN_ON(test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_SHAREABLE, &root->state) &&
                trans->transid != root->last_trans);

        level = btrfs_header_level(buf);
        if (level == 0)
                btrfs_item_key(buf, &disk_key, 0);
        else
                btrfs_node_key(buf, &disk_key, 0);

        cow = btrfs_alloc_tree_block(trans, root, 0, new_root_objectid,
                                     &disk_key, level, buf->start, 0,
                                     BTRFS_NESTING_NEW_ROOT);
        if (IS_ERR(cow))
                return PTR_ERR(cow);

        copy_extent_buffer_full(cow, buf);
        btrfs_set_header_bytenr(cow, cow->start);
        btrfs_set_header_generation(cow, trans->transid);
        btrfs_set_header_backref_rev(cow, BTRFS_MIXED_BACKREF_REV);
        btrfs_clear_header_flag(cow, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_WRITTEN |
                                     BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC);
        if (new_root_objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_set_header_flag(cow, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC);
        else
                btrfs_set_header_owner(cow, new_root_objectid);

        write_extent_buffer_fsid(cow, fs_info->fs_devices->metadata_uuid);

        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(buf) > trans->transid);
        if (new_root_objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID)
                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 1);
        else
                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 0);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(cow);
                free_extent_buffer(cow);
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(cow);
        *cow_ret = cow;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * check if the tree block can be shared by multiple trees
 */
int btrfs_block_can_be_shared(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                              struct btrfs_root *root,
                              struct extent_buffer *buf)
{
        /*
         * Tree blocks not in shareable trees and tree roots are never shared.
         * If a block was allocated after the last snapshot and the block was
         * not allocated by tree relocation, we know the block is not shared.
         */
        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_SHAREABLE, &root->state) &&
            buf != root->node &&
            (btrfs_header_generation(buf) <=
             btrfs_root_last_snapshot(&root->root_item) ||
             btrfs_header_flag(buf, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC))) {
                if (buf != root->commit_root)
                        return 1;
                /*
                 * An extent buffer that used to be the commit root may still be
                 * shared because the tree height may have increased and it
                 * became a child of a higher level root. This can happen when
                 * snapshotting a subvolume created in the current transaction.
                 */
                if (btrfs_header_generation(buf) == trans->transid)
                        return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static noinline int update_ref_for_cow(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                       struct btrfs_root *root,
                                       struct extent_buffer *buf,
                                       struct extent_buffer *cow,
                                       int *last_ref)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        u64 refs;
        u64 owner;
        u64 flags;
        u64 new_flags = 0;
        int ret;

        /*
         * Backrefs update rules:
         *
         * Always use full backrefs for extent pointers in tree block
         * allocated by tree relocation.
         *
         * If a shared tree block is no longer referenced by its owner
         * tree (btrfs_header_owner(buf) == root->root_key.objectid),
         * use full backrefs for extent pointers in tree block.
         *
         * If a tree block is been relocating
         * (root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID),
         * use full backrefs for extent pointers in tree block.
         * The reason for this is some operations (such as drop tree)
         * are only allowed for blocks use full backrefs.
         */

        if (btrfs_block_can_be_shared(trans, root, buf)) {
                ret = btrfs_lookup_extent_info(trans, fs_info, buf->start,
                                               btrfs_header_level(buf), 1,
                                               &refs, &flags);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
                if (unlikely(refs == 0)) {
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                "found 0 references for tree block at bytenr %llu level %d root %llu",
                                   buf->start, btrfs_header_level(buf),
                                   btrfs_root_id(root));
                        ret = -EUCLEAN;
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        return ret;
                }
        } else {
                refs = 1;
                if (root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID ||
                    btrfs_header_backref_rev(buf) < BTRFS_MIXED_BACKREF_REV)
                        flags = BTRFS_BLOCK_FLAG_FULL_BACKREF;
                else
                        flags = 0;
        }

        owner = btrfs_header_owner(buf);
        BUG_ON(owner == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID &&
               !(flags & BTRFS_BLOCK_FLAG_FULL_BACKREF));

        if (refs > 1) {
                if ((owner == root->root_key.objectid ||
                     root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID) &&
                    !(flags & BTRFS_BLOCK_FLAG_FULL_BACKREF)) {
                        ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, buf, 1);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;

                        if (root->root_key.objectid ==
                            BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID) {
                                ret = btrfs_dec_ref(trans, root, buf, 0);
                                if (ret)
                                        return ret;
                                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 1);
                                if (ret)
                                        return ret;
                        }
                        new_flags |= BTRFS_BLOCK_FLAG_FULL_BACKREF;
                } else {

                        if (root->root_key.objectid ==
                            BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID)
                                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 1);
                        else
                                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 0);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
                if (new_flags != 0) {
                        ret = btrfs_set_disk_extent_flags(trans, buf, new_flags);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
        } else {
                if (flags & BTRFS_BLOCK_FLAG_FULL_BACKREF) {
                        if (root->root_key.objectid ==
                            BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID)
                                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 1);
                        else
                                ret = btrfs_inc_ref(trans, root, cow, 0);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                        ret = btrfs_dec_ref(trans, root, buf, 1);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
                btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, buf);
                *last_ref = 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * does the dirty work in cow of a single block.  The parent block (if
 * supplied) is updated to point to the new cow copy.  The new buffer is marked
 * dirty and returned locked.  If you modify the block it needs to be marked
 * dirty again.
 *
 * search_start -- an allocation hint for the new block
 *
 * empty_size -- a hint that you plan on doing more cow.  This is the size in
 * bytes the allocator should try to find free next to the block it returns.
 * This is just a hint and may be ignored by the allocator.
 */
static noinline int __btrfs_cow_block(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                             struct btrfs_root *root,
                             struct extent_buffer *buf,
                             struct extent_buffer *parent, int parent_slot,
                             struct extent_buffer **cow_ret,
                             u64 search_start, u64 empty_size,
                             enum btrfs_lock_nesting nest)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        struct extent_buffer *cow;
        int level, ret;
        int last_ref = 0;
        int unlock_orig = 0;
        u64 parent_start = 0;

        if (*cow_ret == buf)
                unlock_orig = 1;

        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locked(buf);

        WARN_ON(test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_SHAREABLE, &root->state) &&
                trans->transid != fs_info->running_transaction->transid);
        WARN_ON(test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_SHAREABLE, &root->state) &&
                trans->transid != root->last_trans);

        level = btrfs_header_level(buf);

        if (level == 0)
                btrfs_item_key(buf, &disk_key, 0);
        else
                btrfs_node_key(buf, &disk_key, 0);

        if ((root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID) && parent)
                parent_start = parent->start;

        cow = btrfs_alloc_tree_block(trans, root, parent_start,
                                     root->root_key.objectid, &disk_key, level,
                                     search_start, empty_size, nest);
        if (IS_ERR(cow))
                return PTR_ERR(cow);

        /* cow is set to blocking by btrfs_init_new_buffer */

        copy_extent_buffer_full(cow, buf);
        btrfs_set_header_bytenr(cow, cow->start);
        btrfs_set_header_generation(cow, trans->transid);
        btrfs_set_header_backref_rev(cow, BTRFS_MIXED_BACKREF_REV);
        btrfs_clear_header_flag(cow, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_WRITTEN |
                                     BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC);
        if (root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_set_header_flag(cow, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC);
        else
                btrfs_set_header_owner(cow, root->root_key.objectid);

        write_extent_buffer_fsid(cow, fs_info->fs_devices->metadata_uuid);

        ret = update_ref_for_cow(trans, root, buf, cow, &last_ref);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(cow);
                free_extent_buffer(cow);
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_SHAREABLE, &root->state)) {
                ret = btrfs_reloc_cow_block(trans, root, buf, cow);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(cow);
                        free_extent_buffer(cow);
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        return ret;
                }
        }

        if (buf == root->node) {
                WARN_ON(parent && parent != buf);
                if (root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID ||
                    btrfs_header_backref_rev(buf) < BTRFS_MIXED_BACKREF_REV)
                        parent_start = buf->start;

                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_root(root->node, cow, true);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(cow);
                        free_extent_buffer(cow);
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        return ret;
                }
                atomic_inc(&cow->refs);
                rcu_assign_pointer(root->node, cow);

                btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), buf,
                                      parent_start, last_ref);
                free_extent_buffer(buf);
                add_root_to_dirty_list(root);
        } else {
                WARN_ON(trans->transid != btrfs_header_generation(parent));
                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(parent, parent_slot,
                                                    BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REPLACE);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(cow);
                        free_extent_buffer(cow);
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        return ret;
                }
                btrfs_set_node_blockptr(parent, parent_slot,
                                        cow->start);
                btrfs_set_node_ptr_generation(parent, parent_slot,
                                              trans->transid);
                btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(parent);
                if (last_ref) {
                        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_free_eb(buf);
                        if (ret) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(cow);
                                free_extent_buffer(cow);
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                                return ret;
                        }
                }
                btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), buf,
                                      parent_start, last_ref);
        }
        if (unlock_orig)
                btrfs_tree_unlock(buf);
        free_extent_buffer_stale(buf);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(cow);
        *cow_ret = cow;
        return 0;
}

static inline int should_cow_block(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                   struct btrfs_root *root,
                                   struct extent_buffer *buf)
{
        if (btrfs_is_testing(root->fs_info))
                return 0;

        /* Ensure we can see the FORCE_COW bit */
        smp_mb__before_atomic();

        /*
         * We do not need to cow a block if
         * 1) this block is not created or changed in this transaction;
         * 2) this block does not belong to TREE_RELOC tree;
         * 3) the root is not forced COW.
         *
         * What is forced COW:
         *    when we create snapshot during committing the transaction,
         *    after we've finished copying src root, we must COW the shared
         *    block to ensure the metadata consistency.
         */
        if (btrfs_header_generation(buf) == trans->transid &&
            !btrfs_header_flag(buf, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_WRITTEN) &&
            !(root->root_key.objectid != BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID &&
              btrfs_header_flag(buf, BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC)) &&
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_FORCE_COW, &root->state))
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

/*
 * cows a single block, see __btrfs_cow_block for the real work.
 * This version of it has extra checks so that a block isn't COWed more than
 * once per transaction, as long as it hasn't been written yet
 */
noinline int btrfs_cow_block(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                    struct btrfs_root *root, struct extent_buffer *buf,
                    struct extent_buffer *parent, int parent_slot,
                    struct extent_buffer **cow_ret,
                    enum btrfs_lock_nesting nest)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        u64 search_start;
        int ret;

        if (unlikely(test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_DELETING, &root->state))) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, -EUCLEAN);
                btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                   "attempt to COW block %llu on root %llu that is being deleted",
                           buf->start, btrfs_root_id(root));
                return -EUCLEAN;
        }

        /*
         * COWing must happen through a running transaction, which always
         * matches the current fs generation (it's a transaction with a state
         * less than TRANS_STATE_UNBLOCKED). If it doesn't, then turn the fs
         * into error state to prevent the commit of any transaction.
         */
        if (unlikely(trans->transaction != fs_info->running_transaction ||
                     trans->transid != fs_info->generation)) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, -EUCLEAN);
                btrfs_crit(fs_info,
"unexpected transaction when attempting to COW block %llu on root %llu, transaction %llu running transaction %llu fs generation %llu",
                           buf->start, btrfs_root_id(root), trans->transid,
                           fs_info->running_transaction->transid,
                           fs_info->generation);
                return -EUCLEAN;
        }

        if (!should_cow_block(trans, root, buf)) {
                *cow_ret = buf;
                return 0;
        }

        search_start = buf->start & ~((u64)SZ_1G - 1);

        /*
         * Before CoWing this block for later modification, check if it's
         * the subtree root and do the delayed subtree trace if needed.
         *
         * Also We don't care about the error, as it's handled internally.
         */
        btrfs_qgroup_trace_subtree_after_cow(trans, root, buf);
        ret = __btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, buf, parent,
                                 parent_slot, cow_ret, search_start, 0, nest);

        trace_btrfs_cow_block(root, buf, *cow_ret);

        return ret;
}
ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(btrfs_cow_block, ERRNO);

/*
 * helper function for defrag to decide if two blocks pointed to by a
 * node are actually close by
 */
static int close_blocks(u64 blocknr, u64 other, u32 blocksize)
{
        if (blocknr < other && other - (blocknr + blocksize) < 32768)
                return 1;
        if (blocknr > other && blocknr - (other + blocksize) < 32768)
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

#ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN

/*
 * Compare two keys, on little-endian the disk order is same as CPU order and
 * we can avoid the conversion.
 */
static int comp_keys(const struct btrfs_disk_key *disk_key,
                     const struct btrfs_key *k2)
{
        const struct btrfs_key *k1 = (const struct btrfs_key *)disk_key;

        return btrfs_comp_cpu_keys(k1, k2);
}

#else

/*
 * compare two keys in a memcmp fashion
 */
static int comp_keys(const struct btrfs_disk_key *disk,
                     const struct btrfs_key *k2)
{
        struct btrfs_key k1;

        btrfs_disk_key_to_cpu(&k1, disk);

        return btrfs_comp_cpu_keys(&k1, k2);
}
#endif

/*
 * same as comp_keys only with two btrfs_key's
 */
int __pure btrfs_comp_cpu_keys(const struct btrfs_key *k1, const struct btrfs_key *k2)
{
        if (k1->objectid > k2->objectid)
                return 1;
        if (k1->objectid < k2->objectid)
                return -1;
        if (k1->type > k2->type)
                return 1;
        if (k1->type < k2->type)
                return -1;
        if (k1->offset > k2->offset)
                return 1;
        if (k1->offset < k2->offset)
                return -1;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * this is used by the defrag code to go through all the
 * leaves pointed to by a node and reallocate them so that
 * disk order is close to key order
 */
int btrfs_realloc_node(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                       struct btrfs_root *root, struct extent_buffer *parent,
                       int start_slot, u64 *last_ret,
                       struct btrfs_key *progress)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *cur;
        u64 blocknr;
        u64 search_start = *last_ret;
        u64 last_block = 0;
        u64 other;
        u32 parent_nritems;
        int end_slot;
        int i;
        int err = 0;
        u32 blocksize;
        int progress_passed = 0;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;

        /*
         * COWing must happen through a running transaction, which always
         * matches the current fs generation (it's a transaction with a state
         * less than TRANS_STATE_UNBLOCKED). If it doesn't, then turn the fs
         * into error state to prevent the commit of any transaction.
         */
        if (unlikely(trans->transaction != fs_info->running_transaction ||
                     trans->transid != fs_info->generation)) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, -EUCLEAN);
                btrfs_crit(fs_info,
"unexpected transaction when attempting to reallocate parent %llu for root %llu, transaction %llu running transaction %llu fs generation %llu",
                           parent->start, btrfs_root_id(root), trans->transid,
                           fs_info->running_transaction->transid,
                           fs_info->generation);
                return -EUCLEAN;
        }

        parent_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(parent);
        blocksize = fs_info->nodesize;
        end_slot = parent_nritems - 1;

        if (parent_nritems <= 1)
                return 0;

        for (i = start_slot; i <= end_slot; i++) {
                int close = 1;

                btrfs_node_key(parent, &disk_key, i);
                if (!progress_passed && comp_keys(&disk_key, progress) < 0)
                        continue;

                progress_passed = 1;
                blocknr = btrfs_node_blockptr(parent, i);
                if (last_block == 0)
                        last_block = blocknr;

                if (i > 0) {
                        other = btrfs_node_blockptr(parent, i - 1);
                        close = close_blocks(blocknr, other, blocksize);
                }
                if (!close && i < end_slot) {
                        other = btrfs_node_blockptr(parent, i + 1);
                        close = close_blocks(blocknr, other, blocksize);
                }
                if (close) {
                        last_block = blocknr;
                        continue;
                }

                cur = btrfs_read_node_slot(parent, i);
                if (IS_ERR(cur))
                        return PTR_ERR(cur);
                if (search_start == 0)
                        search_start = last_block;

                btrfs_tree_lock(cur);
                err = __btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, cur, parent, i,
                                        &cur, search_start,
                                        min(16 * blocksize,
                                            (end_slot - i) * blocksize),
                                        BTRFS_NESTING_COW);
                if (err) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(cur);
                        free_extent_buffer(cur);
                        break;
                }
                search_start = cur->start;
                last_block = cur->start;
                *last_ret = search_start;
                btrfs_tree_unlock(cur);
                free_extent_buffer(cur);
        }
        return err;
}

/*
 * Search for a key in the given extent_buffer.
 *
 * The lower boundary for the search is specified by the slot number @first_slot.
 * Use a value of 0 to search over the whole extent buffer. Works for both
 * leaves and nodes.
 *
 * The slot in the extent buffer is returned via @slot. If the key exists in the
 * extent buffer, then @slot will point to the slot where the key is, otherwise
 * it points to the slot where you would insert the key.
 *
 * Slot may point to the total number of items (i.e. one position beyond the last
 * key) if the key is bigger than the last key in the extent buffer.
 */
int btrfs_bin_search(struct extent_buffer *eb, int first_slot,
                     const struct btrfs_key *key, int *slot)
{
        unsigned long p;
        int item_size;
        /*
         * Use unsigned types for the low and high slots, so that we get a more
         * efficient division in the search loop below.
         */
        u32 low = first_slot;
        u32 high = btrfs_header_nritems(eb);
        int ret;
        const int key_size = sizeof(struct btrfs_disk_key);

        if (unlikely(low > high)) {
                btrfs_err(eb->fs_info,
                 "%s: low (%u) > high (%u) eb %llu owner %llu level %d",
                          __func__, low, high, eb->start,
                          btrfs_header_owner(eb), btrfs_header_level(eb));
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (btrfs_header_level(eb) == 0) {
                p = offsetof(struct btrfs_leaf, items);
                item_size = sizeof(struct btrfs_item);
        } else {
                p = offsetof(struct btrfs_node, ptrs);
                item_size = sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr);
        }

        while (low < high) {
                unsigned long oip;
                unsigned long offset;
                struct btrfs_disk_key *tmp;
                struct btrfs_disk_key unaligned;
                int mid;

                mid = (low + high) / 2;
                offset = p + mid * item_size;
                oip = offset_in_page(offset);

                if (oip + key_size <= PAGE_SIZE) {
                        const unsigned long idx = get_eb_page_index(offset);
                        char *kaddr = page_address(eb->pages[idx]);

                        oip = get_eb_offset_in_page(eb, offset);
                        tmp = (struct btrfs_disk_key *)(kaddr + oip);
                } else {
                        read_extent_buffer(eb, &unaligned, offset, key_size);
                        tmp = &unaligned;
                }

                ret = comp_keys(tmp, key);

                if (ret < 0)
                        low = mid + 1;
                else if (ret > 0)
                        high = mid;
                else {
                        *slot = mid;
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        *slot = low;
        return 1;
}

static void root_add_used(struct btrfs_root *root, u32 size)
{
        spin_lock(&root->accounting_lock);
        btrfs_set_root_used(&root->root_item,
                            btrfs_root_used(&root->root_item) + size);
        spin_unlock(&root->accounting_lock);
}

static void root_sub_used(struct btrfs_root *root, u32 size)
{
        spin_lock(&root->accounting_lock);
        btrfs_set_root_used(&root->root_item,
                            btrfs_root_used(&root->root_item) - size);
        spin_unlock(&root->accounting_lock);
}

/* given a node and slot number, this reads the blocks it points to.  The
 * extent buffer is returned with a reference taken (but unlocked).
 */
struct extent_buffer *btrfs_read_node_slot(struct extent_buffer *parent,
                                           int slot)
{
        int level = btrfs_header_level(parent);
        struct btrfs_tree_parent_check check = { 0 };
        struct extent_buffer *eb;

        if (slot < 0 || slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(parent))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);

        ASSERT(level);

        check.level = level - 1;
        check.transid = btrfs_node_ptr_generation(parent, slot);
        check.owner_root = btrfs_header_owner(parent);
        check.has_first_key = true;
        btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(parent, &check.first_key, slot);

        eb = read_tree_block(parent->fs_info, btrfs_node_blockptr(parent, slot),
                             &check);
        if (IS_ERR(eb))
                return eb;
        if (!extent_buffer_uptodate(eb)) {
                free_extent_buffer(eb);
                return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
        }

        return eb;
}

/*
 * node level balancing, used to make sure nodes are in proper order for
 * item deletion.  We balance from the top down, so we have to make sure
 * that a deletion won't leave an node completely empty later on.
 */
static noinline int balance_level(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                         struct btrfs_root *root,
                         struct btrfs_path *path, int level)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *right = NULL;
        struct extent_buffer *mid;
        struct extent_buffer *left = NULL;
        struct extent_buffer *parent = NULL;
        int ret = 0;
        int wret;
        int pslot;
        int orig_slot = path->slots[level];
        u64 orig_ptr;

        ASSERT(level > 0);

        mid = path->nodes[level];

        WARN_ON(path->locks[level] != BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK);
        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(mid) != trans->transid);

        orig_ptr = btrfs_node_blockptr(mid, orig_slot);

        if (level < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL - 1) {
                parent = path->nodes[level + 1];
                pslot = path->slots[level + 1];
        }

        /*
         * deal with the case where there is only one pointer in the root
         * by promoting the node below to a root
         */
        if (!parent) {
                struct extent_buffer *child;

                if (btrfs_header_nritems(mid) != 1)
                        return 0;

                /* promote the child to a root */
                child = btrfs_read_node_slot(mid, 0);
                if (IS_ERR(child)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(child);
                        goto out;
                }

                btrfs_tree_lock(child);
                ret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, child, mid, 0, &child,
                                      BTRFS_NESTING_COW);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(child);
                        free_extent_buffer(child);
                        goto out;
                }

                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_root(root->node, child, true);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(child);
                        free_extent_buffer(child);
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out;
                }
                rcu_assign_pointer(root->node, child);

                add_root_to_dirty_list(root);
                btrfs_tree_unlock(child);

                path->locks[level] = 0;
                path->nodes[level] = NULL;
                btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, mid);
                btrfs_tree_unlock(mid);
                /* once for the path */
                free_extent_buffer(mid);

                root_sub_used(root, mid->len);
                btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), mid, 0, 1);
                /* once for the root ptr */
                free_extent_buffer_stale(mid);
                return 0;
        }
        if (btrfs_header_nritems(mid) >
            BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) / 4)
                return 0;

        if (pslot) {
                left = btrfs_read_node_slot(parent, pslot - 1);
                if (IS_ERR(left)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(left);
                        left = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }

                __btrfs_tree_lock(left, BTRFS_NESTING_LEFT);
                wret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, left,
                                       parent, pslot - 1, &left,
                                       BTRFS_NESTING_LEFT_COW);
                if (wret) {
                        ret = wret;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        if (pslot + 1 < btrfs_header_nritems(parent)) {
                right = btrfs_read_node_slot(parent, pslot + 1);
                if (IS_ERR(right)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(right);
                        right = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }

                __btrfs_tree_lock(right, BTRFS_NESTING_RIGHT);
                wret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, right,
                                       parent, pslot + 1, &right,
                                       BTRFS_NESTING_RIGHT_COW);
                if (wret) {
                        ret = wret;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        /* first, try to make some room in the middle buffer */
        if (left) {
                orig_slot += btrfs_header_nritems(left);
                wret = push_node_left(trans, left, mid, 1);
                if (wret < 0)
                        ret = wret;
        }

        /*
         * then try to empty the right most buffer into the middle
         */
        if (right) {
                wret = push_node_left(trans, mid, right, 1);
                if (wret < 0 && wret != -ENOSPC)
                        ret = wret;
                if (btrfs_header_nritems(right) == 0) {
                        btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, right);
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                        ret = btrfs_del_ptr(trans, root, path, level + 1, pslot + 1);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                free_extent_buffer_stale(right);
                                right = NULL;
                                goto out;
                        }
                        root_sub_used(root, right->len);
                        btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), right,
                                              0, 1);
                        free_extent_buffer_stale(right);
                        right = NULL;
                } else {
                        struct btrfs_disk_key right_key;
                        btrfs_node_key(right, &right_key, 0);
                        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(parent, pslot + 1,
                                        BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REPLACE);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        btrfs_set_node_key(parent, &right_key, pslot + 1);
                        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(parent);
                }
        }
        if (btrfs_header_nritems(mid) == 1) {
                /*
                 * we're not allowed to leave a node with one item in the
                 * tree during a delete.  A deletion from lower in the tree
                 * could try to delete the only pointer in this node.
                 * So, pull some keys from the left.
                 * There has to be a left pointer at this point because
                 * otherwise we would have pulled some pointers from the
                 * right
                 */
                if (unlikely(!left)) {
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
"missing left child when middle child only has 1 item, parent bytenr %llu level %d mid bytenr %llu root %llu",
                                   parent->start, btrfs_header_level(parent),
                                   mid->start, btrfs_root_id(root));
                        ret = -EUCLEAN;
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out;
                }
                wret = balance_node_right(trans, mid, left);
                if (wret < 0) {
                        ret = wret;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (wret == 1) {
                        wret = push_node_left(trans, left, mid, 1);
                        if (wret < 0)
                                ret = wret;
                }
                BUG_ON(wret == 1);
        }
        if (btrfs_header_nritems(mid) == 0) {
                btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, mid);
                btrfs_tree_unlock(mid);
                ret = btrfs_del_ptr(trans, root, path, level + 1, pslot);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        free_extent_buffer_stale(mid);
                        mid = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }
                root_sub_used(root, mid->len);
                btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), mid, 0, 1);
                free_extent_buffer_stale(mid);
                mid = NULL;
        } else {
                /* update the parent key to reflect our changes */
                struct btrfs_disk_key mid_key;
                btrfs_node_key(mid, &mid_key, 0);
                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(parent, pslot,
                                                    BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REPLACE);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out;
                }
                btrfs_set_node_key(parent, &mid_key, pslot);
                btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(parent);
        }

        /* update the path */
        if (left) {
                if (btrfs_header_nritems(left) > orig_slot) {
                        atomic_inc(&left->refs);
                        /* left was locked after cow */
                        path->nodes[level] = left;
                        path->slots[level + 1] -= 1;
                        path->slots[level] = orig_slot;
                        if (mid) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(mid);
                                free_extent_buffer(mid);
                        }
                } else {
                        orig_slot -= btrfs_header_nritems(left);
                        path->slots[level] = orig_slot;
                }
        }
        /* double check we haven't messed things up */
        if (orig_ptr !=
            btrfs_node_blockptr(path->nodes[level], path->slots[level]))
                BUG();
out:
        if (right) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                free_extent_buffer(right);
        }
        if (left) {
                if (path->nodes[level] != left)
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
                free_extent_buffer(left);
        }
        return ret;
}

/* Node balancing for insertion.  Here we only split or push nodes around
 * when they are completely full.  This is also done top down, so we
 * have to be pessimistic.
 */
static noinline int push_nodes_for_insert(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                          struct btrfs_root *root,
                                          struct btrfs_path *path, int level)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *right = NULL;
        struct extent_buffer *mid;
        struct extent_buffer *left = NULL;
        struct extent_buffer *parent = NULL;
        int ret = 0;
        int wret;
        int pslot;
        int orig_slot = path->slots[level];

        if (level == 0)
                return 1;

        mid = path->nodes[level];
        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(mid) != trans->transid);

        if (level < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL - 1) {
                parent = path->nodes[level + 1];
                pslot = path->slots[level + 1];
        }

        if (!parent)
                return 1;

        /* first, try to make some room in the middle buffer */
        if (pslot) {
                u32 left_nr;

                left = btrfs_read_node_slot(parent, pslot - 1);
                if (IS_ERR(left))
                        return PTR_ERR(left);

                __btrfs_tree_lock(left, BTRFS_NESTING_LEFT);

                left_nr = btrfs_header_nritems(left);
                if (left_nr >= BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) - 1) {
                        wret = 1;
                } else {
                        ret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, left, parent,
                                              pslot - 1, &left,
                                              BTRFS_NESTING_LEFT_COW);
                        if (ret)
                                wret = 1;
                        else {
                                wret = push_node_left(trans, left, mid, 0);
                        }
                }
                if (wret < 0)
                        ret = wret;
                if (wret == 0) {
                        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
                        orig_slot += left_nr;
                        btrfs_node_key(mid, &disk_key, 0);
                        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(parent, pslot,
                                        BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REPLACE);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
                                free_extent_buffer(left);
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                                return ret;
                        }
                        btrfs_set_node_key(parent, &disk_key, pslot);
                        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(parent);
                        if (btrfs_header_nritems(left) > orig_slot) {
                                path->nodes[level] = left;
                                path->slots[level + 1] -= 1;
                                path->slots[level] = orig_slot;
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(mid);
                                free_extent_buffer(mid);
                        } else {
                                orig_slot -=
                                        btrfs_header_nritems(left);
                                path->slots[level] = orig_slot;
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
                                free_extent_buffer(left);
                        }
                        return 0;
                }
                btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
                free_extent_buffer(left);
        }

        /*
         * then try to empty the right most buffer into the middle
         */
        if (pslot + 1 < btrfs_header_nritems(parent)) {
                u32 right_nr;

                right = btrfs_read_node_slot(parent, pslot + 1);
                if (IS_ERR(right))
                        return PTR_ERR(right);

                __btrfs_tree_lock(right, BTRFS_NESTING_RIGHT);

                right_nr = btrfs_header_nritems(right);
                if (right_nr >= BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) - 1) {
                        wret = 1;
                } else {
                        ret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, right,
                                              parent, pslot + 1,
                                              &right, BTRFS_NESTING_RIGHT_COW);
                        if (ret)
                                wret = 1;
                        else {
                                wret = balance_node_right(trans, right, mid);
                        }
                }
                if (wret < 0)
                        ret = wret;
                if (wret == 0) {
                        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;

                        btrfs_node_key(right, &disk_key, 0);
                        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(parent, pslot + 1,
                                        BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REPLACE);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                                free_extent_buffer(right);
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                                return ret;
                        }
                        btrfs_set_node_key(parent, &disk_key, pslot + 1);
                        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(parent);

                        if (btrfs_header_nritems(mid) <= orig_slot) {
                                path->nodes[level] = right;
                                path->slots[level + 1] += 1;
                                path->slots[level] = orig_slot -
                                        btrfs_header_nritems(mid);
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(mid);
                                free_extent_buffer(mid);
                        } else {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                                free_extent_buffer(right);
                        }
                        return 0;
                }
                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                free_extent_buffer(right);
        }
        return 1;
}

/*
 * readahead one full node of leaves, finding things that are close
 * to the block in 'slot', and triggering ra on them.
 */
static void reada_for_search(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                             struct btrfs_path *path,
                             int level, int slot, u64 objectid)
{
        struct extent_buffer *node;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        u32 nritems;
        u64 search;
        u64 target;
        u64 nread = 0;
        u64 nread_max;
        u32 nr;
        u32 blocksize;
        u32 nscan = 0;

        if (level != 1 && path->reada != READA_FORWARD_ALWAYS)
                return;

        if (!path->nodes[level])
                return;

        node = path->nodes[level];

        /*
         * Since the time between visiting leaves is much shorter than the time
         * between visiting nodes, limit read ahead of nodes to 1, to avoid too
         * much IO at once (possibly random).
         */
        if (path->reada == READA_FORWARD_ALWAYS) {
                if (level > 1)
                        nread_max = node->fs_info->nodesize;
                else
                        nread_max = SZ_128K;
        } else {
                nread_max = SZ_64K;
        }

        search = btrfs_node_blockptr(node, slot);
        blocksize = fs_info->nodesize;
        if (path->reada != READA_FORWARD_ALWAYS) {
                struct extent_buffer *eb;

                eb = find_extent_buffer(fs_info, search);
                if (eb) {
                        free_extent_buffer(eb);
                        return;
                }
        }

        target = search;

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(node);
        nr = slot;

        while (1) {
                if (path->reada == READA_BACK) {
                        if (nr == 0)
                                break;
                        nr--;
                } else if (path->reada == READA_FORWARD ||
                           path->reada == READA_FORWARD_ALWAYS) {
                        nr++;
                        if (nr >= nritems)
                                break;
                }
                if (path->reada == READA_BACK && objectid) {
                        btrfs_node_key(node, &disk_key, nr);
                        if (btrfs_disk_key_objectid(&disk_key) != objectid)
                                break;
                }
                search = btrfs_node_blockptr(node, nr);
                if (path->reada == READA_FORWARD_ALWAYS ||
                    (search <= target && target - search <= 65536) ||
                    (search > target && search - target <= 65536)) {
                        btrfs_readahead_node_child(node, nr);
                        nread += blocksize;
                }
                nscan++;
                if (nread > nread_max || nscan > 32)
                        break;
        }
}

static noinline void reada_for_balance(struct btrfs_path *path, int level)
{
        struct extent_buffer *parent;
        int slot;
        int nritems;

        parent = path->nodes[level + 1];
        if (!parent)
                return;

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(parent);
        slot = path->slots[level + 1];

        if (slot > 0)
                btrfs_readahead_node_child(parent, slot - 1);
        if (slot + 1 < nritems)
                btrfs_readahead_node_child(parent, slot + 1);
}


/*
 * when we walk down the tree, it is usually safe to unlock the higher layers
 * in the tree.  The exceptions are when our path goes through slot 0, because
 * operations on the tree might require changing key pointers higher up in the
 * tree.
 *
 * callers might also have set path->keep_locks, which tells this code to keep
 * the lock if the path points to the last slot in the block.  This is part of
 * walking through the tree, and selecting the next slot in the higher block.
 *
 * lowest_unlock sets the lowest level in the tree we're allowed to unlock.  so
 * if lowest_unlock is 1, level 0 won't be unlocked
 */
static noinline void unlock_up(struct btrfs_path *path, int level,
                               int lowest_unlock, int min_write_lock_level,
                               int *write_lock_level)
{
        int i;
        int skip_level = level;
        bool check_skip = true;

        for (i = level; i < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL; i++) {
                if (!path->nodes[i])
                        break;
                if (!path->locks[i])
                        break;

                if (check_skip) {
                        if (path->slots[i] == 0) {
                                skip_level = i + 1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        if (path->keep_locks) {
                                u32 nritems;

                                nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[i]);
                                if (nritems < 1 || path->slots[i] >= nritems - 1) {
                                        skip_level = i + 1;
                                        continue;
                                }
                        }
                }

                if (i >= lowest_unlock && i > skip_level) {
                        check_skip = false;
                        btrfs_tree_unlock_rw(path->nodes[i], path->locks[i]);
                        path->locks[i] = 0;
                        if (write_lock_level &&
                            i > min_write_lock_level &&
                            i <= *write_lock_level) {
                                *write_lock_level = i - 1;
                        }
                }
        }
}

/*
 * Helper function for btrfs_search_slot() and other functions that do a search
 * on a btree. The goal is to find a tree block in the cache (the radix tree at
 * fs_info->buffer_radix), but if we can't find it, or it's not up to date, read
 * its pages from disk.
 *
 * Returns -EAGAIN, with the path unlocked, if the caller needs to repeat the
 * whole btree search, starting again from the current root node.
 */
static int
read_block_for_search(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *p,
                      struct extent_buffer **eb_ret, int level, int slot,
                      const struct btrfs_key *key)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_tree_parent_check check = { 0 };
        u64 blocknr;
        u64 gen;
        struct extent_buffer *tmp;
        int ret;
        int parent_level;
        bool unlock_up;

        unlock_up = ((level + 1 < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL) && p->locks[level + 1]);
        blocknr = btrfs_node_blockptr(*eb_ret, slot);
        gen = btrfs_node_ptr_generation(*eb_ret, slot);
        parent_level = btrfs_header_level(*eb_ret);
        btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(*eb_ret, &check.first_key, slot);
        check.has_first_key = true;
        check.level = parent_level - 1;
        check.transid = gen;
        check.owner_root = root->root_key.objectid;

        /*
         * If we need to read an extent buffer from disk and we are holding locks
         * on upper level nodes, we unlock all the upper nodes before reading the
         * extent buffer, and then return -EAGAIN to the caller as it needs to
         * restart the search. We don't release the lock on the current level
         * because we need to walk this node to figure out which blocks to read.
         */
        tmp = find_extent_buffer(fs_info, blocknr);
        if (tmp) {
                if (p->reada == READA_FORWARD_ALWAYS)
                        reada_for_search(fs_info, p, level, slot, key->objectid);

                /* first we do an atomic uptodate check */
                if (btrfs_buffer_uptodate(tmp, gen, 1) > 0) {
                        /*
                         * Do extra check for first_key, eb can be stale due to
                         * being cached, read from scrub, or have multiple
                         * parents (shared tree blocks).
                         */
                        if (btrfs_verify_level_key(tmp,
                                        parent_level - 1, &check.first_key, gen)) {
                                free_extent_buffer(tmp);
                                return -EUCLEAN;
                        }
                        *eb_ret = tmp;
                        return 0;
                }

                if (p->nowait) {
                        free_extent_buffer(tmp);
                        return -EAGAIN;
                }

                if (unlock_up)
                        btrfs_unlock_up_safe(p, level + 1);

                /* now we're allowed to do a blocking uptodate check */
                ret = btrfs_read_extent_buffer(tmp, &check);
                if (ret) {
                        free_extent_buffer(tmp);
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        return -EIO;
                }
                if (btrfs_check_eb_owner(tmp, root->root_key.objectid)) {
                        free_extent_buffer(tmp);
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        return -EUCLEAN;
                }

                if (unlock_up)
                        ret = -EAGAIN;

                goto out;
        } else if (p->nowait) {
                return -EAGAIN;
        }

        if (unlock_up) {
                btrfs_unlock_up_safe(p, level + 1);
                ret = -EAGAIN;
        } else {
                ret = 0;
        }

        if (p->reada != READA_NONE)
                reada_for_search(fs_info, p, level, slot, key->objectid);

        tmp = read_tree_block(fs_info, blocknr, &check);
        if (IS_ERR(tmp)) {
                btrfs_release_path(p);
                return PTR_ERR(tmp);
        }
        /*
         * If the read above didn't mark this buffer up to date,
         * it will never end up being up to date.  Set ret to EIO now
         * and give up so that our caller doesn't loop forever
         * on our EAGAINs.
         */
        if (!extent_buffer_uptodate(tmp))
                ret = -EIO;

out:
        if (ret == 0) {
                *eb_ret = tmp;
        } else {
                free_extent_buffer(tmp);
                btrfs_release_path(p);
        }

        return ret;
}

/*
 * helper function for btrfs_search_slot.  This does all of the checks
 * for node-level blocks and does any balancing required based on
 * the ins_len.
 *
 * If no extra work was required, zero is returned.  If we had to
 * drop the path, -EAGAIN is returned and btrfs_search_slot must
 * start over
 */
static int
setup_nodes_for_search(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                       struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *p,
                       struct extent_buffer *b, int level, int ins_len,
                       int *write_lock_level)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        int ret = 0;

        if ((p->search_for_split || ins_len > 0) && btrfs_header_nritems(b) >=
            BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) - 3) {

                if (*write_lock_level < level + 1) {
                        *write_lock_level = level + 1;
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        return -EAGAIN;
                }

                reada_for_balance(p, level);
                ret = split_node(trans, root, p, level);

                b = p->nodes[level];
        } else if (ins_len < 0 && btrfs_header_nritems(b) <
                   BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) / 2) {

                if (*write_lock_level < level + 1) {
                        *write_lock_level = level + 1;
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        return -EAGAIN;
                }

                reada_for_balance(p, level);
                ret = balance_level(trans, root, p, level);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;

                b = p->nodes[level];
                if (!b) {
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        return -EAGAIN;
                }
                BUG_ON(btrfs_header_nritems(b) == 1);
        }
        return ret;
}

int btrfs_find_item(struct btrfs_root *fs_root, struct btrfs_path *path,
                u64 iobjectid, u64 ioff, u8 key_type,
                struct btrfs_key *found_key)
{
        int ret;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct extent_buffer *eb;

        ASSERT(path);
        ASSERT(found_key);

        key.type = key_type;
        key.objectid = iobjectid;
        key.offset = ioff;

        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, fs_root, &key, path, 0, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        eb = path->nodes[0];
        if (ret && path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(eb)) {
                ret = btrfs_next_leaf(fs_root, path);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
                eb = path->nodes[0];
        }

        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(eb, found_key, path->slots[0]);
        if (found_key->type != key.type ||
                        found_key->objectid != key.objectid)
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

static struct extent_buffer *btrfs_search_slot_get_root(struct btrfs_root *root,
                                                        struct btrfs_path *p,
                                                        int write_lock_level)
{
        struct extent_buffer *b;
        int root_lock = 0;
        int level = 0;

        if (p->search_commit_root) {
                b = root->commit_root;
                atomic_inc(&b->refs);
                level = btrfs_header_level(b);
                /*
                 * Ensure that all callers have set skip_locking when
                 * p->search_commit_root = 1.
                 */
                ASSERT(p->skip_locking == 1);

                goto out;
        }

        if (p->skip_locking) {
                b = btrfs_root_node(root);
                level = btrfs_header_level(b);
                goto out;
        }

        /* We try very hard to do read locks on the root */
        root_lock = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;

        /*
         * If the level is set to maximum, we can skip trying to get the read
         * lock.
         */
        if (write_lock_level < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL) {
                /*
                 * We don't know the level of the root node until we actually
                 * have it read locked
                 */
                if (p->nowait) {
                        b = btrfs_try_read_lock_root_node(root);
                        if (IS_ERR(b))
                                return b;
                } else {
                        b = btrfs_read_lock_root_node(root);
                }
                level = btrfs_header_level(b);
                if (level > write_lock_level)
                        goto out;

                /* Whoops, must trade for write lock */
                btrfs_tree_read_unlock(b);
                free_extent_buffer(b);
        }

        b = btrfs_lock_root_node(root);
        root_lock = BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK;

        /* The level might have changed, check again */
        level = btrfs_header_level(b);

out:
        /*
         * The root may have failed to write out at some point, and thus is no
         * longer valid, return an error in this case.
         */
        if (!extent_buffer_uptodate(b)) {
                if (root_lock)
                        btrfs_tree_unlock_rw(b, root_lock);
                free_extent_buffer(b);
                return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
        }

        p->nodes[level] = b;
        if (!p->skip_locking)
                p->locks[level] = root_lock;
        /*
         * Callers are responsible for dropping b's references.
         */
        return b;
}

/*
 * Replace the extent buffer at the lowest level of the path with a cloned
 * version. The purpose is to be able to use it safely, after releasing the
 * commit root semaphore, even if relocation is happening in parallel, the
 * transaction used for relocation is committed and the extent buffer is
 * reallocated in the next transaction.
 *
 * This is used in a context where the caller does not prevent transaction
 * commits from happening, either by holding a transaction handle or holding
 * some lock, while it's doing searches through a commit root.
 * At the moment it's only used for send operations.
 */
static int finish_need_commit_sem_search(struct btrfs_path *path)
{
        const int i = path->lowest_level;
        const int slot = path->slots[i];
        struct extent_buffer *lowest = path->nodes[i];
        struct extent_buffer *clone;

        ASSERT(path->need_commit_sem);

        if (!lowest)
                return 0;

        lockdep_assert_held_read(&lowest->fs_info->commit_root_sem);

        clone = btrfs_clone_extent_buffer(lowest);
        if (!clone)
                return -ENOMEM;

        btrfs_release_path(path);
        path->nodes[i] = clone;
        path->slots[i] = slot;

        return 0;
}

static inline int search_for_key_slot(struct extent_buffer *eb,
                                      int search_low_slot,
                                      const struct btrfs_key *key,
                                      int prev_cmp,
                                      int *slot)
{
        /*
         * If a previous call to btrfs_bin_search() on a parent node returned an
         * exact match (prev_cmp == 0), we can safely assume the target key will
         * always be at slot 0 on lower levels, since each key pointer
         * (struct btrfs_key_ptr) refers to the lowest key accessible from the
         * subtree it points to. Thus we can skip searching lower levels.
         */
        if (prev_cmp == 0) {
                *slot = 0;
                return 0;
        }

        return btrfs_bin_search(eb, search_low_slot, key, slot);
}

static int search_leaf(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                       struct btrfs_root *root,
                       const struct btrfs_key *key,
                       struct btrfs_path *path,
                       int ins_len,
                       int prev_cmp)
{
        struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
        int leaf_free_space = -1;
        int search_low_slot = 0;
        int ret;
        bool do_bin_search = true;

        /*
         * If we are doing an insertion, the leaf has enough free space and the
         * destination slot for the key is not slot 0, then we can unlock our
         * write lock on the parent, and any other upper nodes, before doing the
         * binary search on the leaf (with search_for_key_slot()), allowing other
         * tasks to lock the parent and any other upper nodes.
         */
        if (ins_len > 0) {
                /*
                 * Cache the leaf free space, since we will need it later and it
                 * will not change until then.
                 */
                leaf_free_space = btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf);

                /*
                 * !path->locks[1] means we have a single node tree, the leaf is
                 * the root of the tree.
                 */
                if (path->locks[1] && leaf_free_space >= ins_len) {
                        struct btrfs_disk_key first_key;

                        ASSERT(btrfs_header_nritems(leaf) > 0);
                        btrfs_item_key(leaf, &first_key, 0);

                        /*
                         * Doing the extra comparison with the first key is cheap,
                         * taking into account that the first key is very likely
                         * already in a cache line because it immediately follows
                         * the extent buffer's header and we have recently accessed
                         * the header's level field.
                         */
                        ret = comp_keys(&first_key, key);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                /*
                                 * The first key is smaller than the key we want
                                 * to insert, so we are safe to unlock all upper
                                 * nodes and we have to do the binary search.
                                 *
                                 * We do use btrfs_unlock_up_safe() and not
                                 * unlock_up() because the later does not unlock
                                 * nodes with a slot of 0 - we can safely unlock
                                 * any node even if its slot is 0 since in this
                                 * case the key does not end up at slot 0 of the
                                 * leaf and there's no need to split the leaf.
                                 */
                                btrfs_unlock_up_safe(path, 1);
                                search_low_slot = 1;
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 * The first key is >= then the key we want to
                                 * insert, so we can skip the binary search as
                                 * the target key will be at slot 0.
                                 *
                                 * We can not unlock upper nodes when the key is
                                 * less than the first key, because we will need
                                 * to update the key at slot 0 of the parent node
                                 * and possibly of other upper nodes too.
                                 * If the key matches the first key, then we can
                                 * unlock all the upper nodes, using
                                 * btrfs_unlock_up_safe() instead of unlock_up()
                                 * as stated above.
                                 */
                                if (ret == 0)
                                        btrfs_unlock_up_safe(path, 1);
                                /*
                                 * ret is already 0 or 1, matching the result of
                                 * a btrfs_bin_search() call, so there is no need
                                 * to adjust it.
                                 */
                                do_bin_search = false;
                                path->slots[0] = 0;
                        }
                }
        }

        if (do_bin_search) {
                ret = search_for_key_slot(leaf, search_low_slot, key,
                                          prev_cmp, &path->slots[0]);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
        }

        if (ins_len > 0) {
                /*
                 * Item key already exists. In this case, if we are allowed to
                 * insert the item (for example, in dir_item case, item key
                 * collision is allowed), it will be merged with the original
                 * item. Only the item size grows, no new btrfs item will be
                 * added. If search_for_extension is not set, ins_len already
                 * accounts the size btrfs_item, deduct it here so leaf space
                 * check will be correct.
                 */
                if (ret == 0 && !path->search_for_extension) {
                        ASSERT(ins_len >= sizeof(struct btrfs_item));
                        ins_len -= sizeof(struct btrfs_item);
                }

                ASSERT(leaf_free_space >= 0);

                if (leaf_free_space < ins_len) {
                        int err;

                        err = split_leaf(trans, root, key, path, ins_len,
                                         (ret == 0));
                        ASSERT(err <= 0);
                        if (WARN_ON(err > 0))
                                err = -EUCLEAN;
                        if (err)
                                ret = err;
                }
        }

        return ret;
}

/*
 * btrfs_search_slot - look for a key in a tree and perform necessary
 * modifications to preserve tree invariants.
 *
 * @trans:      Handle of transaction, used when modifying the tree
 * @p:          Holds all btree nodes along the search path
 * @root:       The root node of the tree
 * @key:        The key we are looking for
 * @ins_len:    Indicates purpose of search:
 *              >0  for inserts it's size of item inserted (*)
 *              <0  for deletions
 *               0  for plain searches, not modifying the tree
 *
 *              (*) If size of item inserted doesn't include
 *              sizeof(struct btrfs_item), then p->search_for_extension must
 *              be set.
 * @cow:        boolean should CoW operations be performed. Must always be 1
 *              when modifying the tree.
 *
 * If @ins_len > 0, nodes and leaves will be split as we walk down the tree.
 * If @ins_len < 0, nodes will be merged as we walk down the tree (if possible)
 *
 * If @key is found, 0 is returned and you can find the item in the leaf level
 * of the path (level 0)
 *
 * If @key isn't found, 1 is returned and the leaf level of the path (level 0)
 * points to the slot where it should be inserted
 *
 * If an error is encountered while searching the tree a negative error number
 * is returned
 */
int btrfs_search_slot(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root *root,
                      const struct btrfs_key *key, struct btrfs_path *p,
                      int ins_len, int cow)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *b;
        int slot;
        int ret;
        int err;
        int level;
        int lowest_unlock = 1;
        /* everything at write_lock_level or lower must be write locked */
        int write_lock_level = 0;
        u8 lowest_level = 0;
        int min_write_lock_level;
        int prev_cmp;

        might_sleep();

        lowest_level = p->lowest_level;
        WARN_ON(lowest_level && ins_len > 0);
        WARN_ON(p->nodes[0] != NULL);
        BUG_ON(!cow && ins_len);

        /*
         * For now only allow nowait for read only operations.  There's no
         * strict reason why we can't, we just only need it for reads so it's
         * only implemented for reads.
         */
        ASSERT(!p->nowait || !cow);

        if (ins_len < 0) {
                lowest_unlock = 2;

                /* when we are removing items, we might have to go up to level
                 * two as we update tree pointers  Make sure we keep write
                 * for those levels as well
                 */
                write_lock_level = 2;
        } else if (ins_len > 0) {
                /*
                 * for inserting items, make sure we have a write lock on
                 * level 1 so we can update keys
                 */
                write_lock_level = 1;
        }

        if (!cow)
                write_lock_level = -1;

        if (cow && (p->keep_locks || p->lowest_level))
                write_lock_level = BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL;

        min_write_lock_level = write_lock_level;

        if (p->need_commit_sem) {
                ASSERT(p->search_commit_root);
                if (p->nowait) {
                        if (!down_read_trylock(&fs_info->commit_root_sem))
                                return -EAGAIN;
                } else {
                        down_read(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
                }
        }

again:
        prev_cmp = -1;
        b = btrfs_search_slot_get_root(root, p, write_lock_level);
        if (IS_ERR(b)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(b);
                goto done;
        }

        while (b) {
                int dec = 0;

                level = btrfs_header_level(b);

                if (cow) {
                        bool last_level = (level == (BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL - 1));

                        /*
                         * if we don't really need to cow this block
                         * then we don't want to set the path blocking,
                         * so we test it here
                         */
                        if (!should_cow_block(trans, root, b))
                                goto cow_done;

                        /*
                         * must have write locks on this node and the
                         * parent
                         */
                        if (level > write_lock_level ||
                            (level + 1 > write_lock_level &&
                            level + 1 < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL &&
                            p->nodes[level + 1])) {
                                write_lock_level = level + 1;
                                btrfs_release_path(p);
                                goto again;
                        }

                        if (last_level)
                                err = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, b, NULL, 0,
                                                      &b,
                                                      BTRFS_NESTING_COW);
                        else
                                err = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, b,
                                                      p->nodes[level + 1],
                                                      p->slots[level + 1], &b,
                                                      BTRFS_NESTING_COW);
                        if (err) {
                                ret = err;
                                goto done;
                        }
                }
cow_done:
                p->nodes[level] = b;

                /*
                 * we have a lock on b and as long as we aren't changing
                 * the tree, there is no way to for the items in b to change.
                 * It is safe to drop the lock on our parent before we
                 * go through the expensive btree search on b.
                 *
                 * If we're inserting or deleting (ins_len != 0), then we might
                 * be changing slot zero, which may require changing the parent.
                 * So, we can't drop the lock until after we know which slot
                 * we're operating on.
                 */
                if (!ins_len && !p->keep_locks) {
                        int u = level + 1;

                        if (u < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL && p->locks[u]) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock_rw(p->nodes[u], p->locks[u]);
                                p->locks[u] = 0;
                        }
                }

                if (level == 0) {
                        if (ins_len > 0)
                                ASSERT(write_lock_level >= 1);

                        ret = search_leaf(trans, root, key, p, ins_len, prev_cmp);
                        if (!p->search_for_split)
                                unlock_up(p, level, lowest_unlock,
                                          min_write_lock_level, NULL);
                        goto done;
                }

                ret = search_for_key_slot(b, 0, key, prev_cmp, &slot);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto done;
                prev_cmp = ret;

                if (ret && slot > 0) {
                        dec = 1;
                        slot--;
                }
                p->slots[level] = slot;
                err = setup_nodes_for_search(trans, root, p, b, level, ins_len,
                                             &write_lock_level);
                if (err == -EAGAIN)
                        goto again;
                if (err) {
                        ret = err;
                        goto done;
                }
                b = p->nodes[level];
                slot = p->slots[level];

                /*
                 * Slot 0 is special, if we change the key we have to update
                 * the parent pointer which means we must have a write lock on
                 * the parent
                 */
                if (slot == 0 && ins_len && write_lock_level < level + 1) {
                        write_lock_level = level + 1;
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        goto again;
                }

                unlock_up(p, level, lowest_unlock, min_write_lock_level,
                          &write_lock_level);

                if (level == lowest_level) {
                        if (dec)
                                p->slots[level]++;
                        goto done;
                }

                err = read_block_for_search(root, p, &b, level, slot, key);
                if (err == -EAGAIN)
                        goto again;
                if (err) {
                        ret = err;
                        goto done;
                }

                if (!p->skip_locking) {
                        level = btrfs_header_level(b);

                        btrfs_maybe_reset_lockdep_class(root, b);

                        if (level <= write_lock_level) {
                                btrfs_tree_lock(b);
                                p->locks[level] = BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK;
                        } else {
                                if (p->nowait) {
                                        if (!btrfs_try_tree_read_lock(b)) {
                                                free_extent_buffer(b);
                                                ret = -EAGAIN;
                                                goto done;
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        btrfs_tree_read_lock(b);
                                }
                                p->locks[level] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;
                        }
                        p->nodes[level] = b;
                }
        }
        ret = 1;
done:
        if (ret < 0 && !p->skip_release_on_error)
                btrfs_release_path(p);

        if (p->need_commit_sem) {
                int ret2;

                ret2 = finish_need_commit_sem_search(p);
                up_read(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
                if (ret2)
                        ret = ret2;
        }

        return ret;
}
ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(btrfs_search_slot, ERRNO);

/*
 * Like btrfs_search_slot, this looks for a key in the given tree. It uses the
 * current state of the tree together with the operations recorded in the tree
 * modification log to search for the key in a previous version of this tree, as
 * denoted by the time_seq parameter.
 *
 * Naturally, there is no support for insert, delete or cow operations.
 *
 * The resulting path and return value will be set up as if we called
 * btrfs_search_slot at that point in time with ins_len and cow both set to 0.
 */
int btrfs_search_old_slot(struct btrfs_root *root, const struct btrfs_key *key,
                          struct btrfs_path *p, u64 time_seq)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *b;
        int slot;
        int ret;
        int err;
        int level;
        int lowest_unlock = 1;
        u8 lowest_level = 0;

        lowest_level = p->lowest_level;
        WARN_ON(p->nodes[0] != NULL);
        ASSERT(!p->nowait);

        if (p->search_commit_root) {
                BUG_ON(time_seq);
                return btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, key, p, 0, 0);
        }

again:
        b = btrfs_get_old_root(root, time_seq);
        if (!b) {
                ret = -EIO;
                goto done;
        }
        level = btrfs_header_level(b);
        p->locks[level] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;

        while (b) {
                int dec = 0;

                level = btrfs_header_level(b);
                p->nodes[level] = b;

                /*
                 * we have a lock on b and as long as we aren't changing
                 * the tree, there is no way to for the items in b to change.
                 * It is safe to drop the lock on our parent before we
                 * go through the expensive btree search on b.
                 */
                btrfs_unlock_up_safe(p, level + 1);

                ret = btrfs_bin_search(b, 0, key, &slot);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto done;

                if (level == 0) {
                        p->slots[level] = slot;
                        unlock_up(p, level, lowest_unlock, 0, NULL);
                        goto done;
                }

                if (ret && slot > 0) {
                        dec = 1;
                        slot--;
                }
                p->slots[level] = slot;
                unlock_up(p, level, lowest_unlock, 0, NULL);

                if (level == lowest_level) {
                        if (dec)
                                p->slots[level]++;
                        goto done;
                }

                err = read_block_for_search(root, p, &b, level, slot, key);
                if (err == -EAGAIN)
                        goto again;
                if (err) {
                        ret = err;
                        goto done;
                }

                level = btrfs_header_level(b);
                btrfs_tree_read_lock(b);
                b = btrfs_tree_mod_log_rewind(fs_info, p, b, time_seq);
                if (!b) {
                        ret = -ENOMEM;
                        goto done;
                }
                p->locks[level] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;
                p->nodes[level] = b;
        }
        ret = 1;
done:
        if (ret < 0)
                btrfs_release_path(p);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Search the tree again to find a leaf with smaller keys.
 * Returns 0 if it found something.
 * Returns 1 if there are no smaller keys.
 * Returns < 0 on error.
 *
 * This may release the path, and so you may lose any locks held at the
 * time you call it.
 */
static int btrfs_prev_leaf(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *path)
{
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct btrfs_key orig_key;
        struct btrfs_disk_key found_key;
        int ret;

        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], &key, 0);
        orig_key = key;

        if (key.offset > 0) {
                key.offset--;
        } else if (key.type > 0) {
                key.type--;
                key.offset = (u64)-1;
        } else if (key.objectid > 0) {
                key.objectid--;
                key.type = (u8)-1;
                key.offset = (u64)-1;
        } else {
                return 1;
        }

        btrfs_release_path(path);
        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &key, path, 0, 0);
        if (ret <= 0)
                return ret;

        /*
         * Previous key not found. Even if we were at slot 0 of the leaf we had
         * before releasing the path and calling btrfs_search_slot(), we now may
         * be in a slot pointing to the same original key - this can happen if
         * after we released the path, one of more items were moved from a
         * sibling leaf into the front of the leaf we had due to an insertion
         * (see push_leaf_right()).
         * If we hit this case and our slot is > 0 and just decrement the slot
         * so that the caller does not process the same key again, which may or
         * may not break the caller, depending on its logic.
         */
        if (path->slots[0] < btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0])) {
                btrfs_item_key(path->nodes[0], &found_key, path->slots[0]);
                ret = comp_keys(&found_key, &orig_key);
                if (ret == 0) {
                        if (path->slots[0] > 0) {
                                path->slots[0]--;
                                return 0;
                        }
                        /*
                         * At slot 0, same key as before, it means orig_key is
                         * the lowest, leftmost, key in the tree. We're done.
                         */
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        btrfs_item_key(path->nodes[0], &found_key, 0);
        ret = comp_keys(&found_key, &key);
        /*
         * We might have had an item with the previous key in the tree right
         * before we released our path. And after we released our path, that
         * item might have been pushed to the first slot (0) of the leaf we
         * were holding due to a tree balance. Alternatively, an item with the
         * previous key can exist as the only element of a leaf (big fat item).
         * Therefore account for these 2 cases, so that our callers (like
         * btrfs_previous_item) don't miss an existing item with a key matching
         * the previous key we computed above.
         */
        if (ret <= 0)
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

/*
 * helper to use instead of search slot if no exact match is needed but
 * instead the next or previous item should be returned.
 * When find_higher is true, the next higher item is returned, the next lower
 * otherwise.
 * When return_any and find_higher are both true, and no higher item is found,
 * return the next lower instead.
 * When return_any is true and find_higher is false, and no lower item is found,
 * return the next higher instead.
 * It returns 0 if any item is found, 1 if none is found (tree empty), and
 * < 0 on error
 */
int btrfs_search_slot_for_read(struct btrfs_root *root,
                               const struct btrfs_key *key,
                               struct btrfs_path *p, int find_higher,
                               int return_any)
{
        int ret;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;

again:
        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, key, p, 0, 0);
        if (ret <= 0)
                return ret;
        /*
         * a return value of 1 means the path is at the position where the
         * item should be inserted. Normally this is the next bigger item,
         * but in case the previous item is the last in a leaf, path points
         * to the first free slot in the previous leaf, i.e. at an invalid
         * item.
         */
        leaf = p->nodes[0];

        if (find_higher) {
                if (p->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
                        ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, p);
                        if (ret <= 0)
                                return ret;
                        if (!return_any)
                                return 1;
                        /*
                         * no higher item found, return the next
                         * lower instead
                         */
                        return_any = 0;
                        find_higher = 0;
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        goto again;
                }
        } else {
                if (p->slots[0] == 0) {
                        ret = btrfs_prev_leaf(root, p);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                return ret;
                        if (!ret) {
                                leaf = p->nodes[0];
                                if (p->slots[0] == btrfs_header_nritems(leaf))
                                        p->slots[0]--;
                                return 0;
                        }
                        if (!return_any)
                                return 1;
                        /*
                         * no lower item found, return the next
                         * higher instead
                         */
                        return_any = 0;
                        find_higher = 1;
                        btrfs_release_path(p);
                        goto again;
                } else {
                        --p->slots[0];
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Execute search and call btrfs_previous_item to traverse backwards if the item
 * was not found.
 *
 * Return 0 if found, 1 if not found and < 0 if error.
 */
int btrfs_search_backwards(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_key *key,
                           struct btrfs_path *path)
{
        int ret;

        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, key, path, 0, 0);
        if (ret > 0)
                ret = btrfs_previous_item(root, path, key->objectid, key->type);

        if (ret == 0)
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], key, path->slots[0]);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Search for a valid slot for the given path.
 *
 * @root:       The root node of the tree.
 * @key:        Will contain a valid item if found.
 * @path:       The starting point to validate the slot.
 *
 * Return: 0  if the item is valid
 *         1  if not found
 *         <0 if error.
 */
int btrfs_get_next_valid_item(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_key *key,
                              struct btrfs_path *path)
{
        if (path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0])) {
                int ret;

                ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], key, path->slots[0]);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * adjust the pointers going up the tree, starting at level
 * making sure the right key of each node is points to 'key'.
 * This is used after shifting pointers to the left, so it stops
 * fixing up pointers when a given leaf/node is not in slot 0 of the
 * higher levels
 *
 */
static void fixup_low_keys(struct btrfs_path *path,
                           struct btrfs_disk_key *key, int level)
{
        int i;
        struct extent_buffer *t;
        int ret;

        for (i = level; i < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL; i++) {
                int tslot = path->slots[i];

                if (!path->nodes[i])
                        break;
                t = path->nodes[i];
                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(t, tslot,
                                                    BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REPLACE);
                BUG_ON(ret < 0);
                btrfs_set_node_key(t, key, tslot);
                btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(path->nodes[i]);
                if (tslot != 0)
                        break;
        }
}

/*
 * update item key.
 *
 * This function isn't completely safe. It's the caller's responsibility
 * that the new key won't break the order
 */
void btrfs_set_item_key_safe(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                             struct btrfs_path *path,
                             const struct btrfs_key *new_key)
{
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        struct extent_buffer *eb;
        int slot;

        eb = path->nodes[0];
        slot = path->slots[0];
        if (slot > 0) {
                btrfs_item_key(eb, &disk_key, slot - 1);
                if (unlikely(comp_keys(&disk_key, new_key) >= 0)) {
                        btrfs_print_leaf(eb);
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                "slot %u key (%llu %u %llu) new key (%llu %u %llu)",
                                   slot, btrfs_disk_key_objectid(&disk_key),
                                   btrfs_disk_key_type(&disk_key),
                                   btrfs_disk_key_offset(&disk_key),
                                   new_key->objectid, new_key->type,
                                   new_key->offset);
                        BUG();
                }
        }
        if (slot < btrfs_header_nritems(eb) - 1) {
                btrfs_item_key(eb, &disk_key, slot + 1);
                if (unlikely(comp_keys(&disk_key, new_key) <= 0)) {
                        btrfs_print_leaf(eb);
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                "slot %u key (%llu %u %llu) new key (%llu %u %llu)",
                                   slot, btrfs_disk_key_objectid(&disk_key),
                                   btrfs_disk_key_type(&disk_key),
                                   btrfs_disk_key_offset(&disk_key),
                                   new_key->objectid, new_key->type,
                                   new_key->offset);
                        BUG();
                }
        }

        btrfs_cpu_key_to_disk(&disk_key, new_key);
        btrfs_set_item_key(eb, &disk_key, slot);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(eb);
        if (slot == 0)
                fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, 1);
}

/*
 * Check key order of two sibling extent buffers.
 *
 * Return true if something is wrong.
 * Return false if everything is fine.
 *
 * Tree-checker only works inside one tree block, thus the following
 * corruption can not be detected by tree-checker:
 *
 * Leaf @left                   | Leaf @right
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 * | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | f6 |   | 7 | 8 |
 *
 * Key f6 in leaf @left itself is valid, but not valid when the next
 * key in leaf @right is 7.
 * This can only be checked at tree block merge time.
 * And since tree checker has ensured all key order in each tree block
 * is correct, we only need to bother the last key of @left and the first
 * key of @right.
 */
static bool check_sibling_keys(struct extent_buffer *left,
                               struct extent_buffer *right)
{
        struct btrfs_key left_last;
        struct btrfs_key right_first;
        int level = btrfs_header_level(left);
        int nr_left = btrfs_header_nritems(left);
        int nr_right = btrfs_header_nritems(right);

        /* No key to check in one of the tree blocks */
        if (!nr_left || !nr_right)
                return false;

        if (level) {
                btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(left, &left_last, nr_left - 1);
                btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(right, &right_first, 0);
        } else {
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(left, &left_last, nr_left - 1);
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(right, &right_first, 0);
        }

        if (unlikely(btrfs_comp_cpu_keys(&left_last, &right_first) >= 0)) {
                btrfs_crit(left->fs_info, "left extent buffer:");
                btrfs_print_tree(left, false);
                btrfs_crit(left->fs_info, "right extent buffer:");
                btrfs_print_tree(right, false);
                btrfs_crit(left->fs_info,
"bad key order, sibling blocks, left last (%llu %u %llu) right first (%llu %u %llu)",
                           left_last.objectid, left_last.type,
                           left_last.offset, right_first.objectid,
                           right_first.type, right_first.offset);
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/*
 * try to push data from one node into the next node left in the
 * tree.
 *
 * returns 0 if some ptrs were pushed left, < 0 if there was some horrible
 * error, and > 0 if there was no room in the left hand block.
 */
static int push_node_left(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                          struct extent_buffer *dst,
                          struct extent_buffer *src, int empty)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
        int push_items = 0;
        int src_nritems;
        int dst_nritems;
        int ret = 0;

        src_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(src);
        dst_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(dst);
        push_items = BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) - dst_nritems;
        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(src) != trans->transid);
        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(dst) != trans->transid);

        if (!empty && src_nritems <= 8)
                return 1;

        if (push_items <= 0)
                return 1;

        if (empty) {
                push_items = min(src_nritems, push_items);
                if (push_items < src_nritems) {
                        /* leave at least 8 pointers in the node if
                         * we aren't going to empty it
                         */
                        if (src_nritems - push_items < 8) {
                                if (push_items <= 8)
                                        return 1;
                                push_items -= 8;
                        }
                }
        } else
                push_items = min(src_nritems - 8, push_items);

        /* dst is the left eb, src is the middle eb */
        if (check_sibling_keys(dst, src)) {
                ret = -EUCLEAN;
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }
        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_eb_copy(dst, src, dst_nritems, 0, push_items);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }
        copy_extent_buffer(dst, src,
                           btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(dst, dst_nritems),
                           btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(src, 0),
                           push_items * sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr));

        if (push_items < src_nritems) {
                /*
                 * btrfs_tree_mod_log_eb_copy handles logging the move, so we
                 * don't need to do an explicit tree mod log operation for it.
                 */
                memmove_extent_buffer(src, btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(src, 0),
                                      btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(src, push_items),
                                      (src_nritems - push_items) *
                                      sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr));
        }
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(src, src_nritems - push_items);
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(dst, dst_nritems + push_items);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(src);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(dst);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * try to push data from one node into the next node right in the
 * tree.
 *
 * returns 0 if some ptrs were pushed, < 0 if there was some horrible
 * error, and > 0 if there was no room in the right hand block.
 *
 * this will  only push up to 1/2 the contents of the left node over
 */
static int balance_node_right(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                              struct extent_buffer *dst,
                              struct extent_buffer *src)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
        int push_items = 0;
        int max_push;
        int src_nritems;
        int dst_nritems;
        int ret = 0;

        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(src) != trans->transid);
        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(dst) != trans->transid);

        src_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(src);
        dst_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(dst);
        push_items = BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) - dst_nritems;
        if (push_items <= 0)
                return 1;

        if (src_nritems < 4)
                return 1;

        max_push = src_nritems / 2 + 1;
        /* don't try to empty the node */
        if (max_push >= src_nritems)
                return 1;

        if (max_push < push_items)
                push_items = max_push;

        /* dst is the right eb, src is the middle eb */
        if (check_sibling_keys(src, dst)) {
                ret = -EUCLEAN;
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }

        /*
         * btrfs_tree_mod_log_eb_copy handles logging the move, so we don't
         * need to do an explicit tree mod log operation for it.
         */
        memmove_extent_buffer(dst, btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(dst, push_items),
                                      btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(dst, 0),
                                      (dst_nritems) *
                                      sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr));

        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_eb_copy(dst, src, 0, src_nritems - push_items,
                                         push_items);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }
        copy_extent_buffer(dst, src,
                           btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(dst, 0),
                           btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(src, src_nritems - push_items),
                           push_items * sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr));

        btrfs_set_header_nritems(src, src_nritems - push_items);
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(dst, dst_nritems + push_items);

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(src);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(dst);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * helper function to insert a new root level in the tree.
 * A new node is allocated, and a single item is inserted to
 * point to the existing root
 *
 * returns zero on success or < 0 on failure.
 */
static noinline int insert_new_root(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                           struct btrfs_root *root,
                           struct btrfs_path *path, int level)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        u64 lower_gen;
        struct extent_buffer *lower;
        struct extent_buffer *c;
        struct extent_buffer *old;
        struct btrfs_disk_key lower_key;
        int ret;

        BUG_ON(path->nodes[level]);
        BUG_ON(path->nodes[level-1] != root->node);

        lower = path->nodes[level-1];
        if (level == 1)
                btrfs_item_key(lower, &lower_key, 0);
        else
                btrfs_node_key(lower, &lower_key, 0);

        c = btrfs_alloc_tree_block(trans, root, 0, root->root_key.objectid,
                                   &lower_key, level, root->node->start, 0,
                                   BTRFS_NESTING_NEW_ROOT);
        if (IS_ERR(c))
                return PTR_ERR(c);

        root_add_used(root, fs_info->nodesize);

        btrfs_set_header_nritems(c, 1);
        btrfs_set_node_key(c, &lower_key, 0);
        btrfs_set_node_blockptr(c, 0, lower->start);
        lower_gen = btrfs_header_generation(lower);
        WARN_ON(lower_gen != trans->transid);

        btrfs_set_node_ptr_generation(c, 0, lower_gen);

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(c);

        old = root->node;
        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_root(root->node, c, false);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), c, 0, 1);
                btrfs_tree_unlock(c);
                free_extent_buffer(c);
                return ret;
        }
        rcu_assign_pointer(root->node, c);

        /* the super has an extra ref to root->node */
        free_extent_buffer(old);

        add_root_to_dirty_list(root);
        atomic_inc(&c->refs);
        path->nodes[level] = c;
        path->locks[level] = BTRFS_WRITE_LOCK;
        path->slots[level] = 0;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * worker function to insert a single pointer in a node.
 * the node should have enough room for the pointer already
 *
 * slot and level indicate where you want the key to go, and
 * blocknr is the block the key points to.
 */
static int insert_ptr(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                      struct btrfs_path *path,
                      struct btrfs_disk_key *key, u64 bytenr,
                      int slot, int level)
{
        struct extent_buffer *lower;
        int nritems;
        int ret;

        BUG_ON(!path->nodes[level]);
        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locked(path->nodes[level]);
        lower = path->nodes[level];
        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(lower);
        BUG_ON(slot > nritems);
        BUG_ON(nritems == BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(trans->fs_info));
        if (slot != nritems) {
                if (level) {
                        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_move(lower, slot + 1,
                                        slot, nritems - slot);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                                return ret;
                        }
                }
                memmove_extent_buffer(lower,
                              btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(lower, slot + 1),
                              btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(lower, slot),
                              (nritems - slot) * sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr));
        }
        if (level) {
                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(lower, slot,
                                                    BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_ADD);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        return ret;
                }
        }
        btrfs_set_node_key(lower, key, slot);
        btrfs_set_node_blockptr(lower, slot, bytenr);
        WARN_ON(trans->transid == 0);
        btrfs_set_node_ptr_generation(lower, slot, trans->transid);
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(lower, nritems + 1);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(lower);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * split the node at the specified level in path in two.
 * The path is corrected to point to the appropriate node after the split
 *
 * Before splitting this tries to make some room in the node by pushing
 * left and right, if either one works, it returns right away.
 *
 * returns 0 on success and < 0 on failure
 */
static noinline int split_node(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                               struct btrfs_root *root,
                               struct btrfs_path *path, int level)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *c;
        struct extent_buffer *split;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        int mid;
        int ret;
        u32 c_nritems;

        c = path->nodes[level];
        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(c) != trans->transid);
        if (c == root->node) {
                /*
                 * trying to split the root, lets make a new one
                 *
                 * tree mod log: We don't log_removal old root in
                 * insert_new_root, because that root buffer will be kept as a
                 * normal node. We are going to log removal of half of the
                 * elements below with btrfs_tree_mod_log_eb_copy(). We're
                 * holding a tree lock on the buffer, which is why we cannot
                 * race with other tree_mod_log users.
                 */
                ret = insert_new_root(trans, root, path, level + 1);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        } else {
                ret = push_nodes_for_insert(trans, root, path, level);
                c = path->nodes[level];
                if (!ret && btrfs_header_nritems(c) <
                    BTRFS_NODEPTRS_PER_BLOCK(fs_info) - 3)
                        return 0;
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
        }

        c_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(c);
        mid = (c_nritems + 1) / 2;
        btrfs_node_key(c, &disk_key, mid);

        split = btrfs_alloc_tree_block(trans, root, 0, root->root_key.objectid,
                                       &disk_key, level, c->start, 0,
                                       BTRFS_NESTING_SPLIT);
        if (IS_ERR(split))
                return PTR_ERR(split);

        root_add_used(root, fs_info->nodesize);
        ASSERT(btrfs_header_level(c) == level);

        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_eb_copy(split, c, 0, mid, c_nritems - mid);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(split);
                free_extent_buffer(split);
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }
        copy_extent_buffer(split, c,
                           btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(split, 0),
                           btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(c, mid),
                           (c_nritems - mid) * sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr));
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(split, c_nritems - mid);
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(c, mid);

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(c);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(split);

        ret = insert_ptr(trans, path, &disk_key, split->start,
                         path->slots[level + 1] + 1, level + 1);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(split);
                free_extent_buffer(split);
                return ret;
        }

        if (path->slots[level] >= mid) {
                path->slots[level] -= mid;
                btrfs_tree_unlock(c);
                free_extent_buffer(c);
                path->nodes[level] = split;
                path->slots[level + 1] += 1;
        } else {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(split);
                free_extent_buffer(split);
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * how many bytes are required to store the items in a leaf.  start
 * and nr indicate which items in the leaf to check.  This totals up the
 * space used both by the item structs and the item data
 */
static int leaf_space_used(const struct extent_buffer *l, int start, int nr)
{
        int data_len;
        int nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(l);
        int end = min(nritems, start + nr) - 1;

        if (!nr)
                return 0;
        data_len = btrfs_item_offset(l, start) + btrfs_item_size(l, start);
        data_len = data_len - btrfs_item_offset(l, end);
        data_len += sizeof(struct btrfs_item) * nr;
        WARN_ON(data_len < 0);
        return data_len;
}

/*
 * The space between the end of the leaf items and
 * the start of the leaf data.  IOW, how much room
 * the leaf has left for both items and data
 */
int btrfs_leaf_free_space(const struct extent_buffer *leaf)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = leaf->fs_info;
        int nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
        int ret;

        ret = BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - leaf_space_used(leaf, 0, nritems);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                           "leaf free space ret %d, leaf data size %lu, used %d nritems %d",
                           ret,
                           (unsigned long) BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info),
                           leaf_space_used(leaf, 0, nritems), nritems);
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * min slot controls the lowest index we're willing to push to the
 * right.  We'll push up to and including min_slot, but no lower
 */
static noinline int __push_leaf_right(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                      struct btrfs_path *path,
                                      int data_size, int empty,
                                      struct extent_buffer *right,
                                      int free_space, u32 left_nritems,
                                      u32 min_slot)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = right->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *left = path->nodes[0];
        struct extent_buffer *upper = path->nodes[1];
        struct btrfs_map_token token;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        int slot;
        u32 i;
        int push_space = 0;
        int push_items = 0;
        u32 nr;
        u32 right_nritems;
        u32 data_end;
        u32 this_item_size;

        if (empty)
                nr = 0;
        else
                nr = max_t(u32, 1, min_slot);

        if (path->slots[0] >= left_nritems)
                push_space += data_size;

        slot = path->slots[1];
        i = left_nritems - 1;
        while (i >= nr) {
                if (!empty && push_items > 0) {
                        if (path->slots[0] > i)
                                break;
                        if (path->slots[0] == i) {
                                int space = btrfs_leaf_free_space(left);

                                if (space + push_space * 2 > free_space)
                                        break;
                        }
                }

                if (path->slots[0] == i)
                        push_space += data_size;

                this_item_size = btrfs_item_size(left, i);
                if (this_item_size + sizeof(struct btrfs_item) +
                    push_space > free_space)
                        break;

                push_items++;
                push_space += this_item_size + sizeof(struct btrfs_item);
                if (i == 0)
                        break;
                i--;
        }

        if (push_items == 0)
                goto out_unlock;

        WARN_ON(!empty && push_items == left_nritems);

        /* push left to right */
        right_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(right);

        push_space = btrfs_item_data_end(left, left_nritems - push_items);
        push_space -= leaf_data_end(left);

        /* make room in the right data area */
        data_end = leaf_data_end(right);
        memmove_leaf_data(right, data_end - push_space, data_end,
                          BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - data_end);

        /* copy from the left data area */
        copy_leaf_data(right, left, BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - push_space,
                       leaf_data_end(left), push_space);

        memmove_leaf_items(right, push_items, 0, right_nritems);

        /* copy the items from left to right */
        copy_leaf_items(right, left, 0, left_nritems - push_items, push_items);

        /* update the item pointers */
        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, right);
        right_nritems += push_items;
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(right, right_nritems);
        push_space = BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info);
        for (i = 0; i < right_nritems; i++) {
                push_space -= btrfs_token_item_size(&token, i);
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i, push_space);
        }

        left_nritems -= push_items;
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(left, left_nritems);

        if (left_nritems)
                btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(left);
        else
                btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, left);

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(right);

        btrfs_item_key(right, &disk_key, 0);
        btrfs_set_node_key(upper, &disk_key, slot + 1);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(upper);

        /* then fixup the leaf pointer in the path */
        if (path->slots[0] >= left_nritems) {
                path->slots[0] -= left_nritems;
                if (btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0]) == 0)
                        btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, path->nodes[0]);
                btrfs_tree_unlock(path->nodes[0]);
                free_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0]);
                path->nodes[0] = right;
                path->slots[1] += 1;
        } else {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                free_extent_buffer(right);
        }
        return 0;

out_unlock:
        btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
        free_extent_buffer(right);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * push some data in the path leaf to the right, trying to free up at
 * least data_size bytes.  returns zero if the push worked, nonzero otherwise
 *
 * returns 1 if the push failed because the other node didn't have enough
 * room, 0 if everything worked out and < 0 if there were major errors.
 *
 * this will push starting from min_slot to the end of the leaf.  It won't
 * push any slot lower than min_slot
 */
static int push_leaf_right(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root
                           *root, struct btrfs_path *path,
                           int min_data_size, int data_size,
                           int empty, u32 min_slot)
{
        struct extent_buffer *left = path->nodes[0];
        struct extent_buffer *right;
        struct extent_buffer *upper;
        int slot;
        int free_space;
        u32 left_nritems;
        int ret;

        if (!path->nodes[1])
                return 1;

        slot = path->slots[1];
        upper = path->nodes[1];
        if (slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(upper) - 1)
                return 1;

        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locked(path->nodes[1]);

        right = btrfs_read_node_slot(upper, slot + 1);
        if (IS_ERR(right))
                return PTR_ERR(right);

        __btrfs_tree_lock(right, BTRFS_NESTING_RIGHT);

        free_space = btrfs_leaf_free_space(right);
        if (free_space < data_size)
                goto out_unlock;

        ret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, right, upper,
                              slot + 1, &right, BTRFS_NESTING_RIGHT_COW);
        if (ret)
                goto out_unlock;

        left_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(left);
        if (left_nritems == 0)
                goto out_unlock;

        if (check_sibling_keys(left, right)) {
                ret = -EUCLEAN;
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                free_extent_buffer(right);
                return ret;
        }
        if (path->slots[0] == left_nritems && !empty) {
                /* Key greater than all keys in the leaf, right neighbor has
                 * enough room for it and we're not emptying our leaf to delete
                 * it, therefore use right neighbor to insert the new item and
                 * no need to touch/dirty our left leaf. */
                btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
                free_extent_buffer(left);
                path->nodes[0] = right;
                path->slots[0] = 0;
                path->slots[1]++;
                return 0;
        }

        return __push_leaf_right(trans, path, min_data_size, empty, right,
                                 free_space, left_nritems, min_slot);
out_unlock:
        btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
        free_extent_buffer(right);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * push some data in the path leaf to the left, trying to free up at
 * least data_size bytes.  returns zero if the push worked, nonzero otherwise
 *
 * max_slot can put a limit on how far into the leaf we'll push items.  The
 * item at 'max_slot' won't be touched.  Use (u32)-1 to make us do all the
 * items
 */
static noinline int __push_leaf_left(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                     struct btrfs_path *path, int data_size,
                                     int empty, struct extent_buffer *left,
                                     int free_space, u32 right_nritems,
                                     u32 max_slot)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = left->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        struct extent_buffer *right = path->nodes[0];
        int i;
        int push_space = 0;
        int push_items = 0;
        u32 old_left_nritems;
        u32 nr;
        int ret = 0;
        u32 this_item_size;
        u32 old_left_item_size;
        struct btrfs_map_token token;

        if (empty)
                nr = min(right_nritems, max_slot);
        else
                nr = min(right_nritems - 1, max_slot);

        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                if (!empty && push_items > 0) {
                        if (path->slots[0] < i)
                                break;
                        if (path->slots[0] == i) {
                                int space = btrfs_leaf_free_space(right);

                                if (space + push_space * 2 > free_space)
                                        break;
                        }
                }

                if (path->slots[0] == i)
                        push_space += data_size;

                this_item_size = btrfs_item_size(right, i);
                if (this_item_size + sizeof(struct btrfs_item) + push_space >
                    free_space)
                        break;

                push_items++;
                push_space += this_item_size + sizeof(struct btrfs_item);
        }

        if (push_items == 0) {
                ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }
        WARN_ON(!empty && push_items == btrfs_header_nritems(right));

        /* push data from right to left */
        copy_leaf_items(left, right, btrfs_header_nritems(left), 0, push_items);

        push_space = BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) -
                     btrfs_item_offset(right, push_items - 1);

        copy_leaf_data(left, right, leaf_data_end(left) - push_space,
                       btrfs_item_offset(right, push_items - 1), push_space);
        old_left_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(left);
        BUG_ON(old_left_nritems <= 0);

        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, left);
        old_left_item_size = btrfs_item_offset(left, old_left_nritems - 1);
        for (i = old_left_nritems; i < old_left_nritems + push_items; i++) {
                u32 ioff;

                ioff = btrfs_token_item_offset(&token, i);
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i,
                      ioff - (BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - old_left_item_size));
        }
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(left, old_left_nritems + push_items);

        /* fixup right node */
        if (push_items > right_nritems)
                WARN(1, KERN_CRIT "push items %d nr %u\n", push_items,
                       right_nritems);

        if (push_items < right_nritems) {
                push_space = btrfs_item_offset(right, push_items - 1) -
                                                  leaf_data_end(right);
                memmove_leaf_data(right,
                                  BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - push_space,
                                  leaf_data_end(right), push_space);

                memmove_leaf_items(right, 0, push_items,
                                   btrfs_header_nritems(right) - push_items);
        }

        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, right);
        right_nritems -= push_items;
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(right, right_nritems);
        push_space = BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info);
        for (i = 0; i < right_nritems; i++) {
                push_space = push_space - btrfs_token_item_size(&token, i);
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i, push_space);
        }

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(left);
        if (right_nritems)
                btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(right);
        else
                btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, right);

        btrfs_item_key(right, &disk_key, 0);
        fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, 1);

        /* then fixup the leaf pointer in the path */
        if (path->slots[0] < push_items) {
                path->slots[0] += old_left_nritems;
                btrfs_tree_unlock(path->nodes[0]);
                free_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0]);
                path->nodes[0] = left;
                path->slots[1] -= 1;
        } else {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
                free_extent_buffer(left);
                path->slots[0] -= push_items;
        }
        BUG_ON(path->slots[0] < 0);
        return ret;
out:
        btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
        free_extent_buffer(left);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * push some data in the path leaf to the left, trying to free up at
 * least data_size bytes.  returns zero if the push worked, nonzero otherwise
 *
 * max_slot can put a limit on how far into the leaf we'll push items.  The
 * item at 'max_slot' won't be touched.  Use (u32)-1 to make us push all the
 * items
 */
static int push_leaf_left(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root
                          *root, struct btrfs_path *path, int min_data_size,
                          int data_size, int empty, u32 max_slot)
{
        struct extent_buffer *right = path->nodes[0];
        struct extent_buffer *left;
        int slot;
        int free_space;
        u32 right_nritems;
        int ret = 0;

        slot = path->slots[1];
        if (slot == 0)
                return 1;
        if (!path->nodes[1])
                return 1;

        right_nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(right);
        if (right_nritems == 0)
                return 1;

        btrfs_assert_tree_write_locked(path->nodes[1]);

        left = btrfs_read_node_slot(path->nodes[1], slot - 1);
        if (IS_ERR(left))
                return PTR_ERR(left);

        __btrfs_tree_lock(left, BTRFS_NESTING_LEFT);

        free_space = btrfs_leaf_free_space(left);
        if (free_space < data_size) {
                ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }

        ret = btrfs_cow_block(trans, root, left,
                              path->nodes[1], slot - 1, &left,
                              BTRFS_NESTING_LEFT_COW);
        if (ret) {
                /* we hit -ENOSPC, but it isn't fatal here */
                if (ret == -ENOSPC)
                        ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }

        if (check_sibling_keys(left, right)) {
                ret = -EUCLEAN;
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }
        return __push_leaf_left(trans, path, min_data_size, empty, left,
                                free_space, right_nritems, max_slot);
out:
        btrfs_tree_unlock(left);
        free_extent_buffer(left);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * split the path's leaf in two, making sure there is at least data_size
 * available for the resulting leaf level of the path.
 */
static noinline int copy_for_split(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                   struct btrfs_path *path,
                                   struct extent_buffer *l,
                                   struct extent_buffer *right,
                                   int slot, int mid, int nritems)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = trans->fs_info;
        int data_copy_size;
        int rt_data_off;
        int i;
        int ret;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        struct btrfs_map_token token;

        nritems = nritems - mid;
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(right, nritems);
        data_copy_size = btrfs_item_data_end(l, mid) - leaf_data_end(l);

        copy_leaf_items(right, l, 0, mid, nritems);

        copy_leaf_data(right, l, BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - data_copy_size,
                       leaf_data_end(l), data_copy_size);

        rt_data_off = BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) - btrfs_item_data_end(l, mid);

        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, right);
        for (i = 0; i < nritems; i++) {
                u32 ioff;

                ioff = btrfs_token_item_offset(&token, i);
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i, ioff + rt_data_off);
        }

        btrfs_set_header_nritems(l, mid);
        btrfs_item_key(right, &disk_key, 0);
        ret = insert_ptr(trans, path, &disk_key, right->start, path->slots[1] + 1, 1);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(right);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(l);
        BUG_ON(path->slots[0] != slot);

        if (mid <= slot) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(path->nodes[0]);
                free_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0]);
                path->nodes[0] = right;
                path->slots[0] -= mid;
                path->slots[1] += 1;
        } else {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                free_extent_buffer(right);
        }

        BUG_ON(path->slots[0] < 0);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * double splits happen when we need to insert a big item in the middle
 * of a leaf.  A double split can leave us with 3 mostly empty leaves:
 * leaf: [ slots 0 - N] [ our target ] [ N + 1 - total in leaf ]
 *          A                 B                 C
 *
 * We avoid this by trying to push the items on either side of our target
 * into the adjacent leaves.  If all goes well we can avoid the double split
 * completely.
 */
static noinline int push_for_double_split(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                          struct btrfs_root *root,
                                          struct btrfs_path *path,
                                          int data_size)
{
        int ret;
        int progress = 0;
        int slot;
        u32 nritems;
        int space_needed = data_size;

        slot = path->slots[0];
        if (slot < btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0]))
                space_needed -= btrfs_leaf_free_space(path->nodes[0]);

        /*
         * try to push all the items after our slot into the
         * right leaf
         */
        ret = push_leaf_right(trans, root, path, 1, space_needed, 0, slot);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        if (ret == 0)
                progress++;

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0]);
        /*
         * our goal is to get our slot at the start or end of a leaf.  If
         * we've done so we're done
         */
        if (path->slots[0] == 0 || path->slots[0] == nritems)
                return 0;

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(path->nodes[0]) >= data_size)
                return 0;

        /* try to push all the items before our slot into the next leaf */
        slot = path->slots[0];
        space_needed = data_size;
        if (slot > 0)
                space_needed -= btrfs_leaf_free_space(path->nodes[0]);
        ret = push_leaf_left(trans, root, path, 1, space_needed, 0, slot);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        if (ret == 0)
                progress++;

        if (progress)
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

/*
 * split the path's leaf in two, making sure there is at least data_size
 * available for the resulting leaf level of the path.
 *
 * returns 0 if all went well and < 0 on failure.
 */
static noinline int split_leaf(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                               struct btrfs_root *root,
                               const struct btrfs_key *ins_key,
                               struct btrfs_path *path, int data_size,
                               int extend)
{
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        struct extent_buffer *l;
        u32 nritems;
        int mid;
        int slot;
        struct extent_buffer *right;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        int ret = 0;
        int wret;
        int split;
        int num_doubles = 0;
        int tried_avoid_double = 0;

        l = path->nodes[0];
        slot = path->slots[0];
        if (extend && data_size + btrfs_item_size(l, slot) +
            sizeof(struct btrfs_item) > BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info))
                return -EOVERFLOW;

        /* first try to make some room by pushing left and right */
        if (data_size && path->nodes[1]) {
                int space_needed = data_size;

                if (slot < btrfs_header_nritems(l))
                        space_needed -= btrfs_leaf_free_space(l);

                wret = push_leaf_right(trans, root, path, space_needed,
                                       space_needed, 0, 0);
                if (wret < 0)
                        return wret;
                if (wret) {
                        space_needed = data_size;
                        if (slot > 0)
                                space_needed -= btrfs_leaf_free_space(l);
                        wret = push_leaf_left(trans, root, path, space_needed,
                                              space_needed, 0, (u32)-1);
                        if (wret < 0)
                                return wret;
                }
                l = path->nodes[0];

                /* did the pushes work? */
                if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(l) >= data_size)
                        return 0;
        }

        if (!path->nodes[1]) {
                ret = insert_new_root(trans, root, path, 1);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
again:
        split = 1;
        l = path->nodes[0];
        slot = path->slots[0];
        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(l);
        mid = (nritems + 1) / 2;

        if (mid <= slot) {
                if (nritems == 1 ||
                    leaf_space_used(l, mid, nritems - mid) + data_size >
                        BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info)) {
                        if (slot >= nritems) {
                                split = 0;
                        } else {
                                mid = slot;
                                if (mid != nritems &&
                                    leaf_space_used(l, mid, nritems - mid) +
                                    data_size > BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info)) {
                                        if (data_size && !tried_avoid_double)
                                                goto push_for_double;
                                        split = 2;
                                }
                        }
                }
        } else {
                if (leaf_space_used(l, 0, mid) + data_size >
                        BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info)) {
                        if (!extend && data_size && slot == 0) {
                                split = 0;
                        } else if ((extend || !data_size) && slot == 0) {
                                mid = 1;
                        } else {
                                mid = slot;
                                if (mid != nritems &&
                                    leaf_space_used(l, mid, nritems - mid) +
                                    data_size > BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info)) {
                                        if (data_size && !tried_avoid_double)
                                                goto push_for_double;
                                        split = 2;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        if (split == 0)
                btrfs_cpu_key_to_disk(&disk_key, ins_key);
        else
                btrfs_item_key(l, &disk_key, mid);

        /*
         * We have to about BTRFS_NESTING_NEW_ROOT here if we've done a double
         * split, because we're only allowed to have MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES
         * subclasses, which is 8 at the time of this patch, and we've maxed it
         * out.  In the future we could add a
         * BTRFS_NESTING_SPLIT_THE_SPLITTENING if we need to, but for now just
         * use BTRFS_NESTING_NEW_ROOT.
         */
        right = btrfs_alloc_tree_block(trans, root, 0, root->root_key.objectid,
                                       &disk_key, 0, l->start, 0,
                                       num_doubles ? BTRFS_NESTING_NEW_ROOT :
                                       BTRFS_NESTING_SPLIT);
        if (IS_ERR(right))
                return PTR_ERR(right);

        root_add_used(root, fs_info->nodesize);

        if (split == 0) {
                if (mid <= slot) {
                        btrfs_set_header_nritems(right, 0);
                        ret = insert_ptr(trans, path, &disk_key,
                                         right->start, path->slots[1] + 1, 1);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                                free_extent_buffer(right);
                                return ret;
                        }
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(path->nodes[0]);
                        free_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0]);
                        path->nodes[0] = right;
                        path->slots[0] = 0;
                        path->slots[1] += 1;
                } else {
                        btrfs_set_header_nritems(right, 0);
                        ret = insert_ptr(trans, path, &disk_key,
                                         right->start, path->slots[1], 1);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                                free_extent_buffer(right);
                                return ret;
                        }
                        btrfs_tree_unlock(path->nodes[0]);
                        free_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0]);
                        path->nodes[0] = right;
                        path->slots[0] = 0;
                        if (path->slots[1] == 0)
                                fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, 1);
                }
                /*
                 * We create a new leaf 'right' for the required ins_len and
                 * we'll do btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty() on this leaf after copying
                 * the content of ins_len to 'right'.
                 */
                return ret;
        }

        ret = copy_for_split(trans, path, l, right, slot, mid, nritems);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_tree_unlock(right);
                free_extent_buffer(right);
                return ret;
        }

        if (split == 2) {
                BUG_ON(num_doubles != 0);
                num_doubles++;
                goto again;
        }

        return 0;

push_for_double:
        push_for_double_split(trans, root, path, data_size);
        tried_avoid_double = 1;
        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(path->nodes[0]) >= data_size)
                return 0;
        goto again;
}

static noinline int setup_leaf_for_split(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                         struct btrfs_root *root,
                                         struct btrfs_path *path, int ins_len)
{
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
        u64 extent_len = 0;
        u32 item_size;
        int ret;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0]);

        BUG_ON(key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY &&
               key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_CSUM_KEY);

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) >= ins_len)
                return 0;

        item_size = btrfs_item_size(leaf, path->slots[0]);
        if (key.type == BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
                fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                                    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
                extent_len = btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
        }
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        path->keep_locks = 1;
        path->search_for_split = 1;
        ret = btrfs_search_slot(trans, root, &key, path, 0, 1);
        path->search_for_split = 0;
        if (ret > 0)
                ret = -EAGAIN;
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err;

        ret = -EAGAIN;
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        /* if our item isn't there, return now */
        if (item_size != btrfs_item_size(leaf, path->slots[0]))
                goto err;

        /* the leaf has  changed, it now has room.  return now */
        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(path->nodes[0]) >= ins_len)
                goto err;

        if (key.type == BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
                fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                                    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
                if (extent_len != btrfs_file_extent_num_bytes(leaf, fi))
                        goto err;
        }

        ret = split_leaf(trans, root, &key, path, ins_len, 1);
        if (ret)
                goto err;

        path->keep_locks = 0;
        btrfs_unlock_up_safe(path, 1);
        return 0;
err:
        path->keep_locks = 0;
        return ret;
}

static noinline int split_item(struct btrfs_path *path,
                               const struct btrfs_key *new_key,
                               unsigned long split_offset)
{
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        int orig_slot, slot;
        char *buf;
        u32 nritems;
        u32 item_size;
        u32 orig_offset;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        /*
         * Shouldn't happen because the caller must have previously called
         * setup_leaf_for_split() to make room for the new item in the leaf.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < sizeof(struct btrfs_item)))
                return -ENOSPC;

        orig_slot = path->slots[0];
        orig_offset = btrfs_item_offset(leaf, path->slots[0]);
        item_size = btrfs_item_size(leaf, path->slots[0]);

        buf = kmalloc(item_size, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!buf)
                return -ENOMEM;

        read_extent_buffer(leaf, buf, btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf,
                            path->slots[0]), item_size);

        slot = path->slots[0] + 1;
        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
        if (slot != nritems) {
                /* shift the items */
                memmove_leaf_items(leaf, slot + 1, slot, nritems - slot);
        }

        btrfs_cpu_key_to_disk(&disk_key, new_key);
        btrfs_set_item_key(leaf, &disk_key, slot);

        btrfs_set_item_offset(leaf, slot, orig_offset);
        btrfs_set_item_size(leaf, slot, item_size - split_offset);

        btrfs_set_item_offset(leaf, orig_slot,
                                 orig_offset + item_size - split_offset);
        btrfs_set_item_size(leaf, orig_slot, split_offset);

        btrfs_set_header_nritems(leaf, nritems + 1);

        /* write the data for the start of the original item */
        write_extent_buffer(leaf, buf,
                            btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, path->slots[0]),
                            split_offset);

        /* write the data for the new item */
        write_extent_buffer(leaf, buf + split_offset,
                            btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, slot),
                            item_size - split_offset);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);

        BUG_ON(btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < 0);
        kfree(buf);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * This function splits a single item into two items,
 * giving 'new_key' to the new item and splitting the
 * old one at split_offset (from the start of the item).
 *
 * The path may be released by this operation.  After
 * the split, the path is pointing to the old item.  The
 * new item is going to be in the same node as the old one.
 *
 * Note, the item being split must be smaller enough to live alone on
 * a tree block with room for one extra struct btrfs_item
 *
 * This allows us to split the item in place, keeping a lock on the
 * leaf the entire time.
 */
int btrfs_split_item(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                     struct btrfs_root *root,
                     struct btrfs_path *path,
                     const struct btrfs_key *new_key,
                     unsigned long split_offset)
{
        int ret;
        ret = setup_leaf_for_split(trans, root, path,
                                   sizeof(struct btrfs_item));
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = split_item(path, new_key, split_offset);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * make the item pointed to by the path smaller.  new_size indicates
 * how small to make it, and from_end tells us if we just chop bytes
 * off the end of the item or if we shift the item to chop bytes off
 * the front.
 */
void btrfs_truncate_item(struct btrfs_path *path, u32 new_size, int from_end)
{
        int slot;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        u32 nritems;
        unsigned int data_end;
        unsigned int old_data_start;
        unsigned int old_size;
        unsigned int size_diff;
        int i;
        struct btrfs_map_token token;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        slot = path->slots[0];

        old_size = btrfs_item_size(leaf, slot);
        if (old_size == new_size)
                return;

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
        data_end = leaf_data_end(leaf);

        old_data_start = btrfs_item_offset(leaf, slot);

        size_diff = old_size - new_size;

        BUG_ON(slot < 0);
        BUG_ON(slot >= nritems);

        /*
         * item0..itemN ... dataN.offset..dataN.size .. data0.size
         */
        /* first correct the data pointers */
        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, leaf);
        for (i = slot; i < nritems; i++) {
                u32 ioff;

                ioff = btrfs_token_item_offset(&token, i);
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i, ioff + size_diff);
        }

        /* shift the data */
        if (from_end) {
                memmove_leaf_data(leaf, data_end + size_diff, data_end,
                                  old_data_start + new_size - data_end);
        } else {
                struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
                u64 offset;

                btrfs_item_key(leaf, &disk_key, slot);

                if (btrfs_disk_key_type(&disk_key) == BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
                        unsigned long ptr;
                        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;

                        fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, slot,
                                            struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
                        fi = (struct btrfs_file_extent_item *)(
                             (unsigned long)fi - size_diff);

                        if (btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi) ==
                            BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
                                ptr = btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, slot);
                                memmove_extent_buffer(leaf, ptr,
                                      (unsigned long)fi,
                                      BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE_DATA_START);
                        }
                }

                memmove_leaf_data(leaf, data_end + size_diff, data_end,
                                  old_data_start - data_end);

                offset = btrfs_disk_key_offset(&disk_key);
                btrfs_set_disk_key_offset(&disk_key, offset + size_diff);
                btrfs_set_item_key(leaf, &disk_key, slot);
                if (slot == 0)
                        fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, 1);
        }

        btrfs_set_item_size(leaf, slot, new_size);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < 0) {
                btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                BUG();
        }
}

/*
 * make the item pointed to by the path bigger, data_size is the added size.
 */
void btrfs_extend_item(struct btrfs_path *path, u32 data_size)
{
        int slot;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        u32 nritems;
        unsigned int data_end;
        unsigned int old_data;
        unsigned int old_size;
        int i;
        struct btrfs_map_token token;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
        data_end = leaf_data_end(leaf);

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < data_size) {
                btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                BUG();
        }
        slot = path->slots[0];
        old_data = btrfs_item_data_end(leaf, slot);

        BUG_ON(slot < 0);
        if (slot >= nritems) {
                btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                btrfs_crit(leaf->fs_info, "slot %d too large, nritems %d",
                           slot, nritems);
                BUG();
        }

        /*
         * item0..itemN ... dataN.offset..dataN.size .. data0.size
         */
        /* first correct the data pointers */
        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, leaf);
        for (i = slot; i < nritems; i++) {
                u32 ioff;

                ioff = btrfs_token_item_offset(&token, i);
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i, ioff - data_size);
        }

        /* shift the data */
        memmove_leaf_data(leaf, data_end - data_size, data_end,
                          old_data - data_end);

        data_end = old_data;
        old_size = btrfs_item_size(leaf, slot);
        btrfs_set_item_size(leaf, slot, old_size + data_size);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < 0) {
                btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                BUG();
        }
}

/*
 * Make space in the node before inserting one or more items.
 *
 * @root:       root we are inserting items to
 * @path:       points to the leaf/slot where we are going to insert new items
 * @batch:      information about the batch of items to insert
 *
 * Main purpose is to save stack depth by doing the bulk of the work in a
 * function that doesn't call btrfs_search_slot
 */
static void setup_items_for_insert(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *path,
                                   const struct btrfs_item_batch *batch)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        int i;
        u32 nritems;
        unsigned int data_end;
        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        int slot;
        struct btrfs_map_token token;
        u32 total_size;

        /*
         * Before anything else, update keys in the parent and other ancestors
         * if needed, then release the write locks on them, so that other tasks
         * can use them while we modify the leaf.
         */
        if (path->slots[0] == 0) {
                btrfs_cpu_key_to_disk(&disk_key, &batch->keys[0]);
                fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, 1);
        }
        btrfs_unlock_up_safe(path, 1);

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        slot = path->slots[0];

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
        data_end = leaf_data_end(leaf);
        total_size = batch->total_data_size + (batch->nr * sizeof(struct btrfs_item));

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < total_size) {
                btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                btrfs_crit(fs_info, "not enough freespace need %u have %d",
                           total_size, btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf));
                BUG();
        }

        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, leaf);
        if (slot != nritems) {
                unsigned int old_data = btrfs_item_data_end(leaf, slot);

                if (old_data < data_end) {
                        btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                "item at slot %d with data offset %u beyond data end of leaf %u",
                                   slot, old_data, data_end);
                        BUG();
                }
                /*
                 * item0..itemN ... dataN.offset..dataN.size .. data0.size
                 */
                /* first correct the data pointers */
                for (i = slot; i < nritems; i++) {
                        u32 ioff;

                        ioff = btrfs_token_item_offset(&token, i);
                        btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i,
                                                       ioff - batch->total_data_size);
                }
                /* shift the items */
                memmove_leaf_items(leaf, slot + batch->nr, slot, nritems - slot);

                /* shift the data */
                memmove_leaf_data(leaf, data_end - batch->total_data_size,
                                  data_end, old_data - data_end);
                data_end = old_data;
        }

        /* setup the item for the new data */
        for (i = 0; i < batch->nr; i++) {
                btrfs_cpu_key_to_disk(&disk_key, &batch->keys[i]);
                btrfs_set_item_key(leaf, &disk_key, slot + i);
                data_end -= batch->data_sizes[i];
                btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, slot + i, data_end);
                btrfs_set_token_item_size(&token, slot + i, batch->data_sizes[i]);
        }

        btrfs_set_header_nritems(leaf, nritems + batch->nr);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);

        if (btrfs_leaf_free_space(leaf) < 0) {
                btrfs_print_leaf(leaf);
                BUG();
        }
}

/*
 * Insert a new item into a leaf.
 *
 * @root:      The root of the btree.
 * @path:      A path pointing to the target leaf and slot.
 * @key:       The key of the new item.
 * @data_size: The size of the data associated with the new key.
 */
void btrfs_setup_item_for_insert(struct btrfs_root *root,
                                 struct btrfs_path *path,
                                 const struct btrfs_key *key,
                                 u32 data_size)
{
        struct btrfs_item_batch batch;

        batch.keys = key;
        batch.data_sizes = &data_size;
        batch.total_data_size = data_size;
        batch.nr = 1;

        setup_items_for_insert(root, path, &batch);
}

/*
 * Given a key and some data, insert items into the tree.
 * This does all the path init required, making room in the tree if needed.
 */
int btrfs_insert_empty_items(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                            struct btrfs_root *root,
                            struct btrfs_path *path,
                            const struct btrfs_item_batch *batch)
{
        int ret = 0;
        int slot;
        u32 total_size;

        total_size = batch->total_data_size + (batch->nr * sizeof(struct btrfs_item));
        ret = btrfs_search_slot(trans, root, &batch->keys[0], path, total_size, 1);
        if (ret == 0)
                return -EEXIST;
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        slot = path->slots[0];
        BUG_ON(slot < 0);

        setup_items_for_insert(root, path, batch);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Given a key and some data, insert an item into the tree.
 * This does all the path init required, making room in the tree if needed.
 */
int btrfs_insert_item(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root *root,
                      const struct btrfs_key *cpu_key, void *data,
                      u32 data_size)
{
        int ret = 0;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        unsigned long ptr;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;
        ret = btrfs_insert_empty_item(trans, root, path, cpu_key, data_size);
        if (!ret) {
                leaf = path->nodes[0];
                ptr = btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, path->slots[0]);
                write_extent_buffer(leaf, data, ptr, data_size);
                btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);
        }
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This function duplicates an item, giving 'new_key' to the new item.
 * It guarantees both items live in the same tree leaf and the new item is
 * contiguous with the original item.
 *
 * This allows us to split a file extent in place, keeping a lock on the leaf
 * the entire time.
 */
int btrfs_duplicate_item(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                         struct btrfs_root *root,
                         struct btrfs_path *path,
                         const struct btrfs_key *new_key)
{
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        int ret;
        u32 item_size;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        item_size = btrfs_item_size(leaf, path->slots[0]);
        ret = setup_leaf_for_split(trans, root, path,
                                   item_size + sizeof(struct btrfs_item));
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        path->slots[0]++;
        btrfs_setup_item_for_insert(root, path, new_key, item_size);
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        memcpy_extent_buffer(leaf,
                             btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, path->slots[0]),
                             btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, path->slots[0] - 1),
                             item_size);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * delete the pointer from a given node.
 *
 * the tree should have been previously balanced so the deletion does not
 * empty a node.
 *
 * This is exported for use inside btrfs-progs, don't un-export it.
 */
int btrfs_del_ptr(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root *root,
                  struct btrfs_path *path, int level, int slot)
{
        struct extent_buffer *parent = path->nodes[level];
        u32 nritems;
        int ret;

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(parent);
        if (slot != nritems - 1) {
                if (level) {
                        ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_move(parent, slot,
                                        slot + 1, nritems - slot - 1);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                                return ret;
                        }
                }
                memmove_extent_buffer(parent,
                              btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(parent, slot),
                              btrfs_node_key_ptr_offset(parent, slot + 1),
                              sizeof(struct btrfs_key_ptr) *
                              (nritems - slot - 1));
        } else if (level) {
                ret = btrfs_tree_mod_log_insert_key(parent, slot,
                                                    BTRFS_MOD_LOG_KEY_REMOVE);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        return ret;
                }
        }

        nritems--;
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(parent, nritems);
        if (nritems == 0 && parent == root->node) {
                BUG_ON(btrfs_header_level(root->node) != 1);
                /* just turn the root into a leaf and break */
                btrfs_set_header_level(root->node, 0);
        } else if (slot == 0) {
                struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;

                btrfs_node_key(parent, &disk_key, 0);
                fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, level + 1);
        }
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(parent);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * a helper function to delete the leaf pointed to by path->slots[1] and
 * path->nodes[1].
 *
 * This deletes the pointer in path->nodes[1] and frees the leaf
 * block extent.  zero is returned if it all worked out, < 0 otherwise.
 *
 * The path must have already been setup for deleting the leaf, including
 * all the proper balancing.  path->nodes[1] must be locked.
 */
static noinline int btrfs_del_leaf(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                   struct btrfs_root *root,
                                   struct btrfs_path *path,
                                   struct extent_buffer *leaf)
{
        int ret;

        WARN_ON(btrfs_header_generation(leaf) != trans->transid);
        ret = btrfs_del_ptr(trans, root, path, 1, path->slots[1]);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;

        /*
         * btrfs_free_extent is expensive, we want to make sure we
         * aren't holding any locks when we call it
         */
        btrfs_unlock_up_safe(path, 0);

        root_sub_used(root, leaf->len);

        atomic_inc(&leaf->refs);
        btrfs_free_tree_block(trans, btrfs_root_id(root), leaf, 0, 1);
        free_extent_buffer_stale(leaf);
        return 0;
}
/*
 * delete the item at the leaf level in path.  If that empties
 * the leaf, remove it from the tree
 */
int btrfs_del_items(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, struct btrfs_root *root,
                    struct btrfs_path *path, int slot, int nr)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        int ret = 0;
        int wret;
        u32 nritems;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);

        if (slot + nr != nritems) {
                const u32 last_off = btrfs_item_offset(leaf, slot + nr - 1);
                const int data_end = leaf_data_end(leaf);
                struct btrfs_map_token token;
                u32 dsize = 0;
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
                        dsize += btrfs_item_size(leaf, slot + i);

                memmove_leaf_data(leaf, data_end + dsize, data_end,
                                  last_off - data_end);

                btrfs_init_map_token(&token, leaf);
                for (i = slot + nr; i < nritems; i++) {
                        u32 ioff;

                        ioff = btrfs_token_item_offset(&token, i);
                        btrfs_set_token_item_offset(&token, i, ioff + dsize);
                }

                memmove_leaf_items(leaf, slot, slot + nr, nritems - slot - nr);
        }
        btrfs_set_header_nritems(leaf, nritems - nr);
        nritems -= nr;

        /* delete the leaf if we've emptied it */
        if (nritems == 0) {
                if (leaf == root->node) {
                        btrfs_set_header_level(leaf, 0);
                } else {
                        btrfs_clear_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
                        ret = btrfs_del_leaf(trans, root, path, leaf);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                return ret;
                }
        } else {
                int used = leaf_space_used(leaf, 0, nritems);
                if (slot == 0) {
                        struct btrfs_disk_key disk_key;

                        btrfs_item_key(leaf, &disk_key, 0);
                        fixup_low_keys(path, &disk_key, 1);
                }

                /*
                 * Try to delete the leaf if it is mostly empty. We do this by
                 * trying to move all its items into its left and right neighbours.
                 * If we can't move all the items, then we don't delete it - it's
                 * not ideal, but future insertions might fill the leaf with more
                 * items, or items from other leaves might be moved later into our
                 * leaf due to deletions on those leaves.
                 */
                if (used < BTRFS_LEAF_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) / 3) {
                        u32 min_push_space;

                        /* push_leaf_left fixes the path.
                         * make sure the path still points to our leaf
                         * for possible call to btrfs_del_ptr below
                         */
                        slot = path->slots[1];
                        atomic_inc(&leaf->refs);
                        /*
                         * We want to be able to at least push one item to the
                         * left neighbour leaf, and that's the first item.
                         */
                        min_push_space = sizeof(struct btrfs_item) +
                                btrfs_item_size(leaf, 0);
                        wret = push_leaf_left(trans, root, path, 0,
                                              min_push_space, 1, (u32)-1);
                        if (wret < 0 && wret != -ENOSPC)
                                ret = wret;

                        if (path->nodes[0] == leaf &&
                            btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
                                /*
                                 * If we were not able to push all items from our
                                 * leaf to its left neighbour, then attempt to
                                 * either push all the remaining items to the
                                 * right neighbour or none. There's no advantage
                                 * in pushing only some items, instead of all, as
                                 * it's pointless to end up with a leaf having
                                 * too few items while the neighbours can be full
                                 * or nearly full.
                                 */
                                nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
                                min_push_space = leaf_space_used(leaf, 0, nritems);
                                wret = push_leaf_right(trans, root, path, 0,
                                                       min_push_space, 1, 0);
                                if (wret < 0 && wret != -ENOSPC)
                                        ret = wret;
                        }

                        if (btrfs_header_nritems(leaf) == 0) {
                                path->slots[1] = slot;
                                ret = btrfs_del_leaf(trans, root, path, leaf);
                                if (ret < 0)
                                        return ret;
                                free_extent_buffer(leaf);
                                ret = 0;
                        } else {
                                /* if we're still in the path, make sure
                                 * we're dirty.  Otherwise, one of the
                                 * push_leaf functions must have already
                                 * dirtied this buffer
                                 */
                                if (path->nodes[0] == leaf)
                                        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);
                                free_extent_buffer(leaf);
                        }
                } else {
                        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(leaf);
                }
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * A helper function to walk down the tree starting at min_key, and looking
 * for nodes or leaves that are have a minimum transaction id.
 * This is used by the btree defrag code, and tree logging
 *
 * This does not cow, but it does stuff the starting key it finds back
 * into min_key, so you can call btrfs_search_slot with cow=1 on the
 * key and get a writable path.
 *
 * This honors path->lowest_level to prevent descent past a given level
 * of the tree.
 *
 * min_trans indicates the oldest transaction that you are interested
 * in walking through.  Any nodes or leaves older than min_trans are
 * skipped over (without reading them).
 *
 * returns zero if something useful was found, < 0 on error and 1 if there
 * was nothing in the tree that matched the search criteria.
 */
int btrfs_search_forward(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_key *min_key,
                         struct btrfs_path *path,
                         u64 min_trans)
{
        struct extent_buffer *cur;
        struct btrfs_key found_key;
        int slot;
        int sret;
        u32 nritems;
        int level;
        int ret = 1;
        int keep_locks = path->keep_locks;

        ASSERT(!path->nowait);
        path->keep_locks = 1;
again:
        cur = btrfs_read_lock_root_node(root);
        level = btrfs_header_level(cur);
        WARN_ON(path->nodes[level]);
        path->nodes[level] = cur;
        path->locks[level] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;

        if (btrfs_header_generation(cur) < min_trans) {
                ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }
        while (1) {
                nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(cur);
                level = btrfs_header_level(cur);
                sret = btrfs_bin_search(cur, 0, min_key, &slot);
                if (sret < 0) {
                        ret = sret;
                        goto out;
                }

                /* at the lowest level, we're done, setup the path and exit */
                if (level == path->lowest_level) {
                        if (slot >= nritems)
                                goto find_next_key;
                        ret = 0;
                        path->slots[level] = slot;
                        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(cur, &found_key, slot);
                        goto out;
                }
                if (sret && slot > 0)
                        slot--;
                /*
                 * check this node pointer against the min_trans parameters.
                 * If it is too old, skip to the next one.
                 */
                while (slot < nritems) {
                        u64 gen;

                        gen = btrfs_node_ptr_generation(cur, slot);
                        if (gen < min_trans) {
                                slot++;
                                continue;
                        }
                        break;
                }
find_next_key:
                /*
                 * we didn't find a candidate key in this node, walk forward
                 * and find another one
                 */
                if (slot >= nritems) {
                        path->slots[level] = slot;
                        sret = btrfs_find_next_key(root, path, min_key, level,
                                                  min_trans);
                        if (sret == 0) {
                                btrfs_release_path(path);
                                goto again;
                        } else {
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                /* save our key for returning back */
                btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(cur, &found_key, slot);
                path->slots[level] = slot;
                if (level == path->lowest_level) {
                        ret = 0;
                        goto out;
                }
                cur = btrfs_read_node_slot(cur, slot);
                if (IS_ERR(cur)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(cur);
                        goto out;
                }

                btrfs_tree_read_lock(cur);

                path->locks[level - 1] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;
                path->nodes[level - 1] = cur;
                unlock_up(path, level, 1, 0, NULL);
        }
out:
        path->keep_locks = keep_locks;
        if (ret == 0) {
                btrfs_unlock_up_safe(path, path->lowest_level + 1);
                memcpy(min_key, &found_key, sizeof(found_key));
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * this is similar to btrfs_next_leaf, but does not try to preserve
 * and fixup the path.  It looks for and returns the next key in the
 * tree based on the current path and the min_trans parameters.
 *
 * 0 is returned if another key is found, < 0 if there are any errors
 * and 1 is returned if there are no higher keys in the tree
 *
 * path->keep_locks should be set to 1 on the search made before
 * calling this function.
 */
int btrfs_find_next_key(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *path,
                        struct btrfs_key *key, int level, u64 min_trans)
{
        int slot;
        struct extent_buffer *c;

        WARN_ON(!path->keep_locks && !path->skip_locking);
        while (level < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL) {
                if (!path->nodes[level])
                        return 1;

                slot = path->slots[level] + 1;
                c = path->nodes[level];
next:
                if (slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(c)) {
                        int ret;
                        int orig_lowest;
                        struct btrfs_key cur_key;
                        if (level + 1 >= BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL ||
                            !path->nodes[level + 1])
                                return 1;

                        if (path->locks[level + 1] || path->skip_locking) {
                                level++;
                                continue;
                        }

                        slot = btrfs_header_nritems(c) - 1;
                        if (level == 0)
                                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(c, &cur_key, slot);
                        else
                                btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(c, &cur_key, slot);

                        orig_lowest = path->lowest_level;
                        btrfs_release_path(path);
                        path->lowest_level = level;
                        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &cur_key, path,
                                                0, 0);
                        path->lowest_level = orig_lowest;
                        if (ret < 0)
                                return ret;

                        c = path->nodes[level];
                        slot = path->slots[level];
                        if (ret == 0)
                                slot++;
                        goto next;
                }

                if (level == 0)
                        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(c, key, slot);
                else {
                        u64 gen = btrfs_node_ptr_generation(c, slot);

                        if (gen < min_trans) {
                                slot++;
                                goto next;
                        }
                        btrfs_node_key_to_cpu(c, key, slot);
                }
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

int btrfs_next_old_leaf(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *path,
                        u64 time_seq)
{
        int slot;
        int level;
        struct extent_buffer *c;
        struct extent_buffer *next;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        bool need_commit_sem = false;
        u32 nritems;
        int ret;
        int i;

        /*
         * The nowait semantics are used only for write paths, where we don't
         * use the tree mod log and sequence numbers.
         */
        if (time_seq)
                ASSERT(!path->nowait);

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0]);
        if (nritems == 0)
                return 1;

        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], &key, nritems - 1);
again:
        level = 1;
        next = NULL;
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        path->keep_locks = 1;

        if (time_seq) {
                ret = btrfs_search_old_slot(root, &key, path, time_seq);
        } else {
                if (path->need_commit_sem) {
                        path->need_commit_sem = 0;
                        need_commit_sem = true;
                        if (path->nowait) {
                                if (!down_read_trylock(&fs_info->commit_root_sem)) {
                                        ret = -EAGAIN;
                                        goto done;
                                }
                        } else {
                                down_read(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
                        }
                }
                ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &key, path, 0, 0);
        }
        path->keep_locks = 0;

        if (ret < 0)
                goto done;

        nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0]);
        /*
         * by releasing the path above we dropped all our locks.  A balance
         * could have added more items next to the key that used to be
         * at the very end of the block.  So, check again here and
         * advance the path if there are now more items available.
         */
        if (nritems > 0 && path->slots[0] < nritems - 1) {
                if (ret == 0)
                        path->slots[0]++;
                ret = 0;
                goto done;
        }
        /*
         * So the above check misses one case:
         * - after releasing the path above, someone has removed the item that
         *   used to be at the very end of the block, and balance between leafs
         *   gets another one with bigger key.offset to replace it.
         *
         * This one should be returned as well, or we can get leaf corruption
         * later(esp. in __btrfs_drop_extents()).
         *
         * And a bit more explanation about this check,
         * with ret > 0, the key isn't found, the path points to the slot
         * where it should be inserted, so the path->slots[0] item must be the
         * bigger one.
         */
        if (nritems > 0 && ret > 0 && path->slots[0] == nritems - 1) {
                ret = 0;
                goto done;
        }

        while (level < BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL) {
                if (!path->nodes[level]) {
                        ret = 1;
                        goto done;
                }

                slot = path->slots[level] + 1;
                c = path->nodes[level];
                if (slot >= btrfs_header_nritems(c)) {
                        level++;
                        if (level == BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL) {
                                ret = 1;
                                goto done;
                        }
                        continue;
                }


                /*
                 * Our current level is where we're going to start from, and to
                 * make sure lockdep doesn't complain we need to drop our locks
                 * and nodes from 0 to our current level.
                 */
                for (i = 0; i < level; i++) {
                        if (path->locks[level]) {
                                btrfs_tree_read_unlock(path->nodes[i]);
                                path->locks[i] = 0;
                        }
                        free_extent_buffer(path->nodes[i]);
                        path->nodes[i] = NULL;
                }

                next = c;
                ret = read_block_for_search(root, path, &next, level,
                                            slot, &key);
                if (ret == -EAGAIN && !path->nowait)
                        goto again;

                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_release_path(path);
                        goto done;
                }

                if (!path->skip_locking) {
                        ret = btrfs_try_tree_read_lock(next);
                        if (!ret && path->nowait) {
                                ret = -EAGAIN;
                                goto done;
                        }
                        if (!ret && time_seq) {
                                /*
                                 * If we don't get the lock, we may be racing
                                 * with push_leaf_left, holding that lock while
                                 * itself waiting for the leaf we've currently
                                 * locked. To solve this situation, we give up
                                 * on our lock and cycle.
                                 */
                                free_extent_buffer(next);
                                btrfs_release_path(path);
                                cond_resched();
                                goto again;
                        }
                        if (!ret)
                                btrfs_tree_read_lock(next);
                }
                break;
        }
        path->slots[level] = slot;
        while (1) {
                level--;
                path->nodes[level] = next;
                path->slots[level] = 0;
                if (!path->skip_locking)
                        path->locks[level] = BTRFS_READ_LOCK;
                if (!level)
                        break;

                ret = read_block_for_search(root, path, &next, level,
                                            0, &key);
                if (ret == -EAGAIN && !path->nowait)
                        goto again;

                if (ret < 0) {
                        btrfs_release_path(path);
                        goto done;
                }

                if (!path->skip_locking) {
                        if (path->nowait) {
                                if (!btrfs_try_tree_read_lock(next)) {
                                        ret = -EAGAIN;
                                        goto done;
                                }
                        } else {
                                btrfs_tree_read_lock(next);
                        }
                }
        }
        ret = 0;
done:
        unlock_up(path, 0, 1, 0, NULL);
        if (need_commit_sem) {
                int ret2;

                path->need_commit_sem = 1;
                ret2 = finish_need_commit_sem_search(path);
                up_read(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
                if (ret2)
                        ret = ret2;
        }

        return ret;
}

int btrfs_next_old_item(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *path, u64 time_seq)
{
        path->slots[0]++;
        if (path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(path->nodes[0]))
                return btrfs_next_old_leaf(root, path, time_seq);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * this uses btrfs_prev_leaf to walk backwards in the tree, and keeps
 * searching until it gets past min_objectid or finds an item of 'type'
 *
 * returns 0 if something is found, 1 if nothing was found and < 0 on error
 */
int btrfs_previous_item(struct btrfs_root *root,
                        struct btrfs_path *path, u64 min_objectid,
                        int type)
{
        struct btrfs_key found_key;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        u32 nritems;
        int ret;

        while (1) {
                if (path->slots[0] == 0) {
                        ret = btrfs_prev_leaf(root, path);
                        if (ret != 0)
                                return ret;
                } else {
                        path->slots[0]--;
                }
                leaf = path->nodes[0];
                nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
                if (nritems == 0)
                        return 1;
                if (path->slots[0] == nritems)
                        path->slots[0]--;

                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);
                if (found_key.objectid < min_objectid)
                        break;
                if (found_key.type == type)
                        return 0;
                if (found_key.objectid == min_objectid &&
                    found_key.type < type)
                        break;
        }
        return 1;
}

/*
 * search in extent tree to find a previous Metadata/Data extent item with
 * min objecitd.
 *
 * returns 0 if something is found, 1 if nothing was found and < 0 on error
 */
int btrfs_previous_extent_item(struct btrfs_root *root,
                        struct btrfs_path *path, u64 min_objectid)
{
        struct btrfs_key found_key;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        u32 nritems;
        int ret;

        while (1) {
                if (path->slots[0] == 0) {
                        ret = btrfs_prev_leaf(root, path);
                        if (ret != 0)
                                return ret;
                } else {
                        path->slots[0]--;
                }
                leaf = path->nodes[0];
                nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
                if (nritems == 0)
                        return 1;
                if (path->slots[0] == nritems)
                        path->slots[0]--;

                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);
                if (found_key.objectid < min_objectid)
                        break;
                if (found_key.type == BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY ||
                    found_key.type == BTRFS_METADATA_ITEM_KEY)
                        return 0;
                if (found_key.objectid == min_objectid &&
                    found_key.type < BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY)
                        break;
        }
        return 1;
}

int __init btrfs_ctree_init(void)
{
        btrfs_path_cachep = kmem_cache_create("btrfs_path",
                        sizeof(struct btrfs_path), 0,
                        SLAB_MEM_SPREAD, NULL);
        if (!btrfs_path_cachep)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

void __cold btrfs_ctree_exit(void)
{
        kmem_cache_destroy(btrfs_path_cachep);
}