2 * Open AnyConnect (SSL + DTLS) client
4 * © 2008 David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
6 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
8 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
9 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
12 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
17 * License along with this library; if not, write to:
19 * Free Software Foundation, Inc.
20 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
21 * Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/socket.h>
29 #include <openssl/err.h>
33 #include "openconnect.h"
37 * Useful for catching test cases, where we want everything to be
38 * reproducible. *NEVER* do this in the wild.
40 time_t time(time_t *t)
42 time_t x = 0x3ab2d948;
47 int RAND_pseudo_bytes(char *buf, int len)
49 memset(buf, 0x5a, len);
50 printf("FAKE PSEUDO RANDOM!\n");
54 int RAND_bytes(char *buf, int len)
56 static int foo = 0x5b;
57 printf("FAKE RANDOM!\n");
58 memset(buf, foo, len);
64 * The master-secret is generated randomly by the client. The server
65 * responds with a DTLS Session-ID. These, done over the HTTPS
66 * connection, are enough to 'resume' a DTLS session, bypassing all
67 * the normal setup of a normal DTLS connection.
69 * Cisco use a version of the protocol which predates RFC4347, but
70 * isn't quite the same as the pre-RFC version of the protocol which
71 * was in OpenSSL 0.9.8e -- it includes backports of some later
74 * The openssl/ directory of this source tree should contain both a
75 * small patch against OpenSSL 0.9.8e to make it support Cisco's
76 * snapshot of the protocol, and a larger patch against newer OpenSSL
77 * which gives us an option to use the old protocol again.
79 * Cisco's server also seems to respond to the official version of the
80 * protocol, with a change in the ChangeCipherSpec packet which implies
81 * that it does know the difference and isn't just repeating the version
82 * number seen in the ClientHello. But although I can make the handshake
83 * complete by hacking tls1_mac() to use the _old_ protocol version
84 * number when calculating the MAC, the server still seems to be ignoring
85 * my subsequent data packets. So we use the old protocol, which is what
86 * their clients use anyway.
89 static unsigned char nybble(unsigned char n)
91 if (n >= '0' && n <= '9') return n - '0';
92 else if (n >= 'A' && n <= 'F') return n - ('A' - 10);
93 else if (n >= 'a' && n <= 'f') return n - ('a' - 10);
97 static unsigned char hex(const char *data)
99 return (nybble(data[0]) << 4) | nybble(data[1]);
102 int connect_dtls_socket(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
104 SSL_METHOD *dtls_method;
105 SSL_CIPHER *https_cipher;
110 dtls_fd = socket(vpninfo->peer_addr->sa_family, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
112 perror("Open UDP socket for DTLS:");
116 if (connect(dtls_fd, vpninfo->peer_addr, vpninfo->peer_addrlen)) {
117 perror("UDP (DTLS) connect:\n");
122 fcntl(dtls_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
124 https_cipher = SSL_get_current_cipher(vpninfo->https_ssl);
126 if (!vpninfo->dtls_ctx) {
127 dtls_method = DTLSv1_client_method();
128 vpninfo->dtls_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(dtls_method);
129 if (!vpninfo->dtls_ctx) {
130 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "Initialise DTLSv1 CTX failed\n");
134 /* If we don't readahead, then we do short reads and throw
135 away the tail of data packets. */
136 SSL_CTX_set_read_ahead(vpninfo->dtls_ctx, 1);
139 if (!vpninfo->dtls_session) {
140 /* We're going to "resume" a session which never existed. Fake it... */
141 vpninfo->dtls_session = SSL_SESSION_new();
142 if (!vpninfo->dtls_session) {
143 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "Initialise DTLSv1 session failed\n");
146 vpninfo->dtls_session->ssl_version = 0x0100; // DTLS1_BAD_VER
148 vpninfo->dtls_session->master_key_length = sizeof(vpninfo->dtls_secret);
149 memcpy(vpninfo->dtls_session->master_key, vpninfo->dtls_secret,
150 sizeof(vpninfo->dtls_secret));
152 vpninfo->dtls_session->session_id_length = sizeof(vpninfo->dtls_session_id);
153 memcpy(vpninfo->dtls_session->session_id, vpninfo->dtls_session_id,
154 sizeof(vpninfo->dtls_session_id));
156 vpninfo->dtls_session->cipher = https_cipher;
157 vpninfo->dtls_session->cipher_id = https_cipher->id;
160 dtls_ssl = SSL_new(vpninfo->dtls_ctx);
161 SSL_set_connect_state(dtls_ssl);
162 SSL_set_cipher_list(dtls_ssl, SSL_CIPHER_get_name(https_cipher));
164 /* Add the generated session to the SSL */
165 if (!SSL_set_session(dtls_ssl, vpninfo->dtls_session)) {
166 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
167 "SSL_set_session() failed with old protocol version 0x%x\n"
168 "Your OpenSSL may lack Cisco compatibility support\n"
169 "See http://rt.openssl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=1751\n"
170 "Use the --no-dtls command line option to avoid this message\n",
171 vpninfo->dtls_session->ssl_version);
176 dtls_bio = BIO_new_socket(dtls_fd, BIO_NOCLOSE);
177 SSL_set_bio(dtls_ssl, dtls_bio, dtls_bio);
179 #ifndef SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT
180 #define SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT 0x8000
182 SSL_set_options(dtls_ssl, SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT);
184 /* Set non-blocking */
185 BIO_set_nbio(SSL_get_rbio(dtls_ssl),1);
186 BIO_set_nbio(SSL_get_wbio(dtls_ssl),1);
188 fcntl(dtls_fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(dtls_fd, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
190 vpninfo->new_dtls_fd = dtls_fd;
191 vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl = dtls_ssl;
193 if (vpninfo->select_nfds <= dtls_fd)
194 vpninfo->select_nfds = dtls_fd + 1;
196 FD_SET(dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_rfds);
197 FD_SET(dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_efds);
199 time(&vpninfo->new_dtls_started);
200 return dtls_try_handshake(vpninfo);
203 int dtls_try_handshake(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
205 int ret = SSL_do_handshake(vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl);
208 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_INFO, "Established DTLS connection\n");
210 if (vpninfo->dtls_ssl) {
211 /* We are replacing an old connection */
212 SSL_free(vpninfo->dtls_ssl);
213 close(vpninfo->dtls_fd);
214 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_rfds);
215 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_wfds);
216 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_efds);
218 vpninfo->dtls_ssl = vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl;
219 vpninfo->dtls_fd = vpninfo->new_dtls_fd;
221 vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl = NULL;
222 vpninfo->new_dtls_fd = -1;
224 vpninfo->dtls_times.last_rekey = vpninfo->dtls_times.last_rx =
225 vpninfo->dtls_times.last_tx = time(NULL);
230 ret = SSL_get_error(vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl, ret);
231 if (ret == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE || ret == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) {
232 if (time(NULL) < vpninfo->new_dtls_started + 5)
234 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "DTLS handshake timed out\n");
237 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "DTLS handshake failed: %d\n", ret);
238 ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
240 /* Kill the new (failed) connection... */
241 SSL_free(vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl);
242 FD_CLR(vpninfo->new_dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_rfds);
243 FD_CLR(vpninfo->new_dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_efds);
244 close(vpninfo->new_dtls_fd);
245 vpninfo->new_dtls_ssl = NULL;
246 vpninfo->new_dtls_fd = -1;
248 /* ... and kill the old one too. The only time there'll be a valid
249 existing session is when it was a rekey, and in that case it's
250 time for the old one to die. */
251 if (vpninfo->dtls_ssl) {
252 SSL_free(vpninfo->dtls_ssl);
253 close(vpninfo->dtls_fd);
254 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_rfds);
255 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_wfds);
256 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_efds);
257 vpninfo->dtls_ssl = NULL;
258 vpninfo->dtls_fd = -1;
261 time(&vpninfo->new_dtls_started);
265 static int dtls_restart(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
267 if (vpninfo->dtls_ssl) {
268 SSL_free(vpninfo->dtls_ssl);
269 close(vpninfo->dtls_fd);
270 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_rfds);
271 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_wfds);
272 FD_CLR(vpninfo->dtls_fd, &vpninfo->select_efds);
273 vpninfo->dtls_ssl = NULL;
274 vpninfo->dtls_fd = -1;
277 return connect_dtls_socket(vpninfo);
281 int setup_dtls(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo)
283 struct vpn_option *dtls_opt = vpninfo->dtls_options;
284 int sessid_found = 0;
289 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
290 "DTLS option %s : %s\n",
291 dtls_opt->option, dtls_opt->value);
293 if (!strcmp(dtls_opt->option, "X-DTLS-Session-ID")) {
294 if (strlen(dtls_opt->value) != 64) {
295 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "X-DTLS-Session-ID not 64 characters\n");
296 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "Is: %s\n", dtls_opt->value);
299 for (i = 0; i < 64; i += 2)
300 vpninfo->dtls_session_id[i/2] = hex(dtls_opt->value + i);
302 } else if (!strcmp(dtls_opt->option + 7, "Port")) {
303 dtls_port = atol(dtls_opt->value);
304 } else if (!strcmp(dtls_opt->option + 7, "Keepalive")) {
305 vpninfo->dtls_times.keepalive = atol(dtls_opt->value);
306 } else if (!strcmp(dtls_opt->option + 7, "DPD")) {
307 vpninfo->dtls_times.dpd = atol(dtls_opt->value);
308 } else if (!strcmp(dtls_opt->option + 7, "Rekey-Time")) {
309 vpninfo->dtls_times.rekey = atol(dtls_opt->value);
312 dtls_opt = dtls_opt->next;
314 if (!sessid_found || !dtls_port)
317 if (vpninfo->peer_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
318 struct sockaddr_in *sin = (void *)vpninfo->peer_addr;
319 sin->sin_port = htons(dtls_port);
320 } else if (vpninfo->peer_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
321 struct sockaddr_in6 *sin = (void *)vpninfo->peer_addr;
322 sin->sin6_port = htons(dtls_port);
324 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "Unknown protocol family %d. Cannot do DTLS\n",
325 vpninfo->peer_addr->sa_family);
330 if (connect_dtls_socket(vpninfo))
333 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
334 "DTLS connected. DPD %d, Keepalive %d\n",
335 vpninfo->dtls_times.dpd, vpninfo->dtls_times.keepalive);
340 int dtls_mainloop(struct openconnect_info *vpninfo, int *timeout)
342 unsigned char buf[2000];
347 while ( (len = SSL_read(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0 ) {
349 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
350 "Received DTLS packet 0x%02x of %d bytes\n",
353 vpninfo->dtls_times.last_rx = time(NULL);
357 queue_new_packet(&vpninfo->incoming_queue, AF_INET, buf+1, len-1);
362 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "Got DTLS DPD request\n");
364 /* FIXME: What if the packet doesn't get through? */
365 magic_pkt = AC_PKT_DPD_RESP;
366 if (SSL_write(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, &magic_pkt, 1) != 1)
367 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "Failed to send DPD response. Expect disconnect\n");
370 case AC_PKT_DPD_RESP:
371 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "Got DTLS DPD response\n");
374 case AC_PKT_KEEPALIVE:
375 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "Got DTLS Keepalive\n");
379 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
380 "Unknown DTLS packet type %02x, len %d\n", buf[0], len);
382 /* Some versions of OpenSSL have bugs with receiving out-of-order
383 * packets. Not only do they wrongly decide to drop packets if
384 * two packets get swapped in transit, but they also _fail_ to
385 * drop the packet in non-blocking mode; instead they return
386 * the appropriate length of garbage. So don't abort... for now. */
389 vpninfo->quit_reason = "Unknown packet received";
396 switch (keepalive_action(&vpninfo->dtls_times, timeout)) {
398 time(&vpninfo->dtls_times.last_rekey);
399 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "DTLS rekey due\n");
400 if (connect_dtls_socket(vpninfo)) {
401 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "DTLS rekey failed\n");
409 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR, "DTLS Dead Peer Detection detected dead peer!\n");
410 /* Fall back to SSL, and start a new DTLS connection */
411 dtls_restart(vpninfo);
415 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "Send DTLS DPD\n");
417 magic_pkt = AC_PKT_DPD_OUT;
418 SSL_write(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, &magic_pkt, 1);
419 /* last_dpd will just have been set */
420 vpninfo->dtls_times.last_tx = vpninfo->dtls_times.last_dpd;
425 /* No need to send an explicit keepalive
426 if we have real data to send */
427 if (vpninfo->outgoing_queue)
430 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE, "Send DTLS Keepalive\n");
432 magic_pkt = AC_PKT_KEEPALIVE;
433 SSL_write(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, &magic_pkt, 1);
434 time(&vpninfo->dtls_times.last_tx);
442 /* Service outgoing packet queue */
443 while (vpninfo->outgoing_queue) {
444 struct pkt *this = vpninfo->outgoing_queue;
447 vpninfo->outgoing_queue = this->next;
449 /* One byte of header */
450 this->hdr[7] = AC_PKT_DATA;
452 ret = SSL_write(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, &this->hdr[7], this->len + 1);
454 ret = SSL_get_error(vpninfo->dtls_ssl, ret);
456 /* If it's a real error, kill the DTLS connection and
457 requeue the packet to be sent over SSL */
458 if (ret != SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ && ret != SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE) {
459 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_ERR,
460 "DTLS got write error %d. Falling back to SSL\n", ret);
461 ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
462 dtls_restart(vpninfo);
463 vpninfo->outgoing_queue = this;
467 time(&vpninfo->dtls_times.last_tx);
468 vpninfo->progress(vpninfo, PRG_TRACE,
469 "Sent DTLS packet of %d bytes; SSL_write() returned %d\n",