1 /******************************************************************************
4 * Device for creating grant references (in user-space) that may be shared
7 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
8 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
9 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
10 * GNU General Public License for more details.
12 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
13 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
14 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
18 * This driver exists to allow userspace programs in Linux to allocate kernel
19 * memory that will later be shared with another domain. Without this device,
20 * Linux userspace programs cannot create grant references.
22 * How this stuff works:
23 * X -> granting a page to Y
24 * Y -> mapping the grant from X
26 * 1. X uses the gntalloc device to allocate a page of kernel memory, P.
27 * 2. X creates an entry in the grant table that says domid(Y) can access P.
28 * This is done without a hypercall unless the grant table needs expansion.
29 * 3. X gives the grant reference identifier, GREF, to Y.
30 * 4. Y maps the page, either directly into kernel memory for use in a backend
31 * driver, or via a the gntdev device to map into the address space of an
32 * application running in Y. This is the first point at which Xen does any
33 * tracking of the page.
34 * 5. A program in X mmap()s a segment of the gntalloc device that corresponds
35 * to the shared page, and can now communicate with Y over the shared page.
38 * NOTE TO USERSPACE LIBRARIES:
39 * The grant allocation and mmap()ing are, naturally, two separate operations.
40 * You set up the sharing by calling the create ioctl() and then the mmap().
41 * Teardown requires munmap() and either close() or ioctl().
43 * WARNING: Since Xen does not allow a guest to forcibly end the use of a grant
44 * reference, this device can be used to consume kernel memory by leaving grant
45 * references mapped by another domain when an application exits. Therefore,
46 * there is a global limit on the number of pages that can be allocated. When
47 * all references to the page are unmapped, it will be freed during the next
51 #include <linux/atomic.h>
52 #include <linux/module.h>
53 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
54 #include <linux/kernel.h>
55 #include <linux/init.h>
56 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/device.h>
60 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
61 #include <linux/types.h>
62 #include <linux/list.h>
63 #include <linux/highmem.h>
67 #include <xen/grant_table.h>
68 #include <xen/gntalloc.h>
69 #include <xen/events.h>
71 static int limit = 1024;
72 module_param(limit, int, 0644);
73 MODULE_PARM_DESC(limit, "Maximum number of grants that may be allocated by "
74 "the gntalloc device");
76 static LIST_HEAD(gref_list);
77 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(gref_lock);
81 uint16_t pgoff:12; /* Bits 0-11: Offset of the byte to clear */
82 uint16_t flags:2; /* Bits 12-13: Unmap notification flags */
83 int event; /* Port (event channel) to notify */
86 /* Metadata on a grant reference. */
87 struct gntalloc_gref {
88 struct list_head next_gref; /* list entry gref_list */
89 struct list_head next_file; /* list entry file->list, if open */
90 struct page *page; /* The shared page */
91 uint64_t file_index; /* File offset for mmap() */
92 unsigned int users; /* Use count - when zero, waiting on Xen */
93 grant_ref_t gref_id; /* The grant reference number */
94 struct notify_info notify; /* Unmap notification */
97 struct gntalloc_file_private_data {
98 struct list_head list;
102 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref);
104 static void do_cleanup(void)
106 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
107 list_for_each_entry_safe(gref, n, &gref_list, next_gref) {
113 static int add_grefs(struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref *op,
114 uint32_t *gref_ids, struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv)
117 LIST_HEAD(queue_gref);
118 LIST_HEAD(queue_file);
119 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
121 readonly = !(op->flags & GNTALLOC_FLAG_WRITABLE);
123 for (i = 0; i < op->count; i++) {
124 gref = kzalloc(sizeof(*gref), GFP_KERNEL);
127 list_add_tail(&gref->next_gref, &queue_gref);
128 list_add_tail(&gref->next_file, &queue_file);
130 gref->file_index = op->index + i * PAGE_SIZE;
131 gref->page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
135 /* Grant foreign access to the page. */
136 gref->gref_id = gnttab_grant_foreign_access(op->domid,
137 pfn_to_mfn(page_to_pfn(gref->page)), readonly);
138 if (gref->gref_id < 0) {
142 gref_ids[i] = gref->gref_id;
145 /* Add to gref lists. */
146 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
147 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
148 list_splice_tail(&queue_file, &priv->list);
149 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
154 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
155 gref_size -= (op->count - i);
157 list_for_each_entry(gref, &queue_file, next_file) {
158 /* __del_gref does not remove from queue_file */
162 /* It's possible for the target domain to map the just-allocated grant
163 * references by blindly guessing their IDs; if this is done, then
164 * __del_gref will leave them in the queue_gref list. They need to be
165 * added to the global list so that we can free them when they are no
168 if (unlikely(!list_empty(&queue_gref)))
169 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
170 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
174 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref)
176 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE) {
177 uint8_t *tmp = kmap(gref->page);
178 tmp[gref->notify.pgoff] = 0;
181 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)
182 notify_remote_via_evtchn(gref->notify.event);
184 gref->notify.flags = 0;
186 if (gref->gref_id > 0) {
187 if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(gref->gref_id))
190 if (!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(gref->gref_id, 0))
195 list_del(&gref->next_gref);
198 __free_page(gref->page);
203 /* finds contiguous grant references in a file, returns the first */
204 static struct gntalloc_gref *find_grefs(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
205 uint64_t index, uint32_t count)
207 struct gntalloc_gref *rv = NULL, *gref;
208 list_for_each_entry(gref, &priv->list, next_file) {
209 if (gref->file_index == index && !rv)
212 if (gref->file_index != index)
224 * -------------------------------------
226 * -------------------------------------
228 static int gntalloc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
230 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv;
232 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
235 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&priv->list);
237 filp->private_data = priv;
239 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
247 static int gntalloc_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
249 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
250 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
252 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
254 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
255 while (!list_empty(&priv->list)) {
256 gref = list_entry(priv->list.next,
257 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
258 list_del(&gref->next_file);
260 if (gref->users == 0)
264 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
269 static long gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
270 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref __user *arg)
273 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref op;
276 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
278 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
283 gref_ids = kzalloc(sizeof(gref_ids[0]) * op.count, GFP_TEMPORARY);
289 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
290 /* Clean up pages that were at zero (local) users but were still mapped
291 * by remote domains. Since those pages count towards the limit that we
292 * are about to enforce, removing them here is a good idea.
295 if (gref_size + op.count > limit) {
296 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
300 gref_size += op.count;
301 op.index = priv->index;
302 priv->index += op.count * PAGE_SIZE;
303 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
305 rc = add_grefs(&op, gref_ids, priv);
309 /* Once we finish add_grefs, it is unsafe to touch the new reference,
310 * since it is possible for a concurrent ioctl to remove it (by guessing
311 * its index). If the userspace application doesn't provide valid memory
312 * to write the IDs to, then it will need to close the file in order to
313 * release - which it will do by segfaulting when it tries to access the
316 if (copy_to_user(arg, &op, sizeof(op))) {
320 if (copy_to_user(arg->gref_ids, gref_ids,
321 sizeof(gref_ids[0]) * op.count)) {
332 static long gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
336 struct ioctl_gntalloc_dealloc_gref op;
337 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
339 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
341 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
343 goto dealloc_grant_out;
346 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
347 gref = find_grefs(priv, op.index, op.count);
349 /* Remove from the file list only, and decrease reference count.
350 * The later call to do_cleanup() will remove from gref_list and
351 * free the memory if the pages aren't mapped anywhere.
353 for (i = 0; i < op.count; i++) {
354 n = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
355 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
356 list_del(&gref->next_file);
366 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
371 static long gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
374 struct ioctl_gntalloc_unmap_notify op;
375 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
380 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op)))
383 index = op.index & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
384 pgoff = op.index & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
386 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
388 gref = find_grefs(priv, index, 1);
394 if (op.action & ~(UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE|UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)) {
399 gref->notify.flags = op.action;
400 gref->notify.pgoff = pgoff;
401 gref->notify.event = op.event_channel_port;
404 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
408 static long gntalloc_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
411 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
414 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_ALLOC_GREF:
415 return gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
417 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_DEALLOC_GREF:
418 return gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
420 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_SET_UNMAP_NOTIFY:
421 return gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(priv, (void __user *)arg);
430 static void gntalloc_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
432 struct gntalloc_gref *gref = vma->vm_private_data;
436 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
438 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
441 static void gntalloc_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
443 struct gntalloc_gref *gref = vma->vm_private_data;
447 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
449 if (gref->users == 0)
451 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
454 static struct vm_operations_struct gntalloc_vmops = {
455 .open = gntalloc_vma_open,
456 .close = gntalloc_vma_close,
459 static int gntalloc_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
461 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
462 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
463 int count = (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
466 pr_debug("%s: priv %p, page %lu+%d\n", __func__,
467 priv, vma->vm_pgoff, count);
469 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
470 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Mapping must be shared.\n", __func__);
474 spin_lock(&gref_lock);
475 gref = find_grefs(priv, vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT, count);
478 pr_debug("%s: Could not find grant reference",
483 vma->vm_private_data = gref;
485 vma->vm_flags |= VM_RESERVED;
487 vma->vm_ops = &gntalloc_vmops;
489 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
491 rv = vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start + i * PAGE_SIZE,
496 gref = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
497 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
502 spin_unlock(&gref_lock);
506 static const struct file_operations gntalloc_fops = {
507 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
508 .open = gntalloc_open,
509 .release = gntalloc_release,
510 .unlocked_ioctl = gntalloc_ioctl,
511 .mmap = gntalloc_mmap
515 * -------------------------------------
516 * Module creation/destruction.
517 * -------------------------------------
519 static struct miscdevice gntalloc_miscdev = {
520 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
521 .name = "xen/gntalloc",
522 .fops = &gntalloc_fops,
525 static int __init gntalloc_init(void)
532 err = misc_register(&gntalloc_miscdev);
534 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not register misc gntalloc device\n");
538 pr_debug("Created grant allocation device at %d,%d\n",
539 MISC_MAJOR, gntalloc_miscdev.minor);
544 static void __exit gntalloc_exit(void)
546 misc_deregister(&gntalloc_miscdev);
549 module_init(gntalloc_init);
550 module_exit(gntalloc_exit);
552 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
553 MODULE_AUTHOR("Carter Weatherly <carter.weatherly@jhuapl.edu>, "
554 "Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>");
555 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("User-space grant reference allocator driver");