1 /******************************************************************************
4 * Device for creating grant references (in user-space) that may be shared
7 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
8 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
9 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
10 * GNU General Public License for more details.
12 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
13 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
14 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
18 * This driver exists to allow userspace programs in Linux to allocate kernel
19 * memory that will later be shared with another domain. Without this device,
20 * Linux userspace programs cannot create grant references.
22 * How this stuff works:
23 * X -> granting a page to Y
24 * Y -> mapping the grant from X
26 * 1. X uses the gntalloc device to allocate a page of kernel memory, P.
27 * 2. X creates an entry in the grant table that says domid(Y) can access P.
28 * This is done without a hypercall unless the grant table needs expansion.
29 * 3. X gives the grant reference identifier, GREF, to Y.
30 * 4. Y maps the page, either directly into kernel memory for use in a backend
31 * driver, or via a the gntdev device to map into the address space of an
32 * application running in Y. This is the first point at which Xen does any
33 * tracking of the page.
34 * 5. A program in X mmap()s a segment of the gntalloc device that corresponds
35 * to the shared page, and can now communicate with Y over the shared page.
38 * NOTE TO USERSPACE LIBRARIES:
39 * The grant allocation and mmap()ing are, naturally, two separate operations.
40 * You set up the sharing by calling the create ioctl() and then the mmap().
41 * Teardown requires munmap() and either close() or ioctl().
43 * WARNING: Since Xen does not allow a guest to forcibly end the use of a grant
44 * reference, this device can be used to consume kernel memory by leaving grant
45 * references mapped by another domain when an application exits. Therefore,
46 * there is a global limit on the number of pages that can be allocated. When
47 * all references to the page are unmapped, it will be freed during the next
51 #include <linux/atomic.h>
52 #include <linux/module.h>
53 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
54 #include <linux/kernel.h>
55 #include <linux/init.h>
56 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/device.h>
60 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
61 #include <linux/types.h>
62 #include <linux/list.h>
63 #include <linux/highmem.h>
67 #include <xen/grant_table.h>
68 #include <xen/gntalloc.h>
69 #include <xen/events.h>
71 static int limit = 1024;
72 module_param(limit, int, 0644);
73 MODULE_PARM_DESC(limit, "Maximum number of grants that may be allocated by "
74 "the gntalloc device");
76 static LIST_HEAD(gref_list);
77 static DEFINE_MUTEX(gref_mutex);
81 uint16_t pgoff:12; /* Bits 0-11: Offset of the byte to clear */
82 uint16_t flags:2; /* Bits 12-13: Unmap notification flags */
83 int event; /* Port (event channel) to notify */
86 /* Metadata on a grant reference. */
87 struct gntalloc_gref {
88 struct list_head next_gref; /* list entry gref_list */
89 struct list_head next_file; /* list entry file->list, if open */
90 struct page *page; /* The shared page */
91 uint64_t file_index; /* File offset for mmap() */
92 unsigned int users; /* Use count - when zero, waiting on Xen */
93 grant_ref_t gref_id; /* The grant reference number */
94 struct notify_info notify; /* Unmap notification */
97 struct gntalloc_file_private_data {
98 struct list_head list;
102 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data {
103 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
108 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref);
110 static void do_cleanup(void)
112 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
113 list_for_each_entry_safe(gref, n, &gref_list, next_gref) {
119 static int add_grefs(struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref *op,
120 uint32_t *gref_ids, struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv)
123 LIST_HEAD(queue_gref);
124 LIST_HEAD(queue_file);
125 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
127 readonly = !(op->flags & GNTALLOC_FLAG_WRITABLE);
129 for (i = 0; i < op->count; i++) {
130 gref = kzalloc(sizeof(*gref), GFP_KERNEL);
133 list_add_tail(&gref->next_gref, &queue_gref);
134 list_add_tail(&gref->next_file, &queue_file);
136 gref->file_index = op->index + i * PAGE_SIZE;
137 gref->page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
141 /* Grant foreign access to the page. */
142 gref->gref_id = gnttab_grant_foreign_access(op->domid,
143 pfn_to_mfn(page_to_pfn(gref->page)), readonly);
144 if ((int)gref->gref_id < 0) {
148 gref_ids[i] = gref->gref_id;
151 /* Add to gref lists. */
152 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
153 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
154 list_splice_tail(&queue_file, &priv->list);
155 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
160 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
161 gref_size -= (op->count - i);
163 list_for_each_entry(gref, &queue_file, next_file) {
164 /* __del_gref does not remove from queue_file */
168 /* It's possible for the target domain to map the just-allocated grant
169 * references by blindly guessing their IDs; if this is done, then
170 * __del_gref will leave them in the queue_gref list. They need to be
171 * added to the global list so that we can free them when they are no
174 if (unlikely(!list_empty(&queue_gref)))
175 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
176 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
180 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref)
182 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE) {
183 uint8_t *tmp = kmap(gref->page);
184 tmp[gref->notify.pgoff] = 0;
187 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT) {
188 notify_remote_via_evtchn(gref->notify.event);
189 evtchn_put(gref->notify.event);
192 gref->notify.flags = 0;
194 if (gref->gref_id > 0) {
195 if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(gref->gref_id))
198 if (!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(gref->gref_id, 0))
201 gnttab_free_grant_reference(gref->gref_id);
205 list_del(&gref->next_gref);
208 __free_page(gref->page);
213 /* finds contiguous grant references in a file, returns the first */
214 static struct gntalloc_gref *find_grefs(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
215 uint64_t index, uint32_t count)
217 struct gntalloc_gref *rv = NULL, *gref;
218 list_for_each_entry(gref, &priv->list, next_file) {
219 if (gref->file_index == index && !rv)
222 if (gref->file_index != index)
234 * -------------------------------------
236 * -------------------------------------
238 static int gntalloc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
240 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv;
242 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
245 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&priv->list);
247 filp->private_data = priv;
249 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
257 static int gntalloc_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
259 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
260 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
262 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
264 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
265 while (!list_empty(&priv->list)) {
266 gref = list_entry(priv->list.next,
267 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
268 list_del(&gref->next_file);
270 if (gref->users == 0)
274 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
279 static long gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
280 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref __user *arg)
283 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref op;
286 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
288 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
293 gref_ids = kcalloc(op.count, sizeof(gref_ids[0]), GFP_TEMPORARY);
299 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
300 /* Clean up pages that were at zero (local) users but were still mapped
301 * by remote domains. Since those pages count towards the limit that we
302 * are about to enforce, removing them here is a good idea.
305 if (gref_size + op.count > limit) {
306 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
310 gref_size += op.count;
311 op.index = priv->index;
312 priv->index += op.count * PAGE_SIZE;
313 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
315 rc = add_grefs(&op, gref_ids, priv);
319 /* Once we finish add_grefs, it is unsafe to touch the new reference,
320 * since it is possible for a concurrent ioctl to remove it (by guessing
321 * its index). If the userspace application doesn't provide valid memory
322 * to write the IDs to, then it will need to close the file in order to
323 * release - which it will do by segfaulting when it tries to access the
326 if (copy_to_user(arg, &op, sizeof(op))) {
330 if (copy_to_user(arg->gref_ids, gref_ids,
331 sizeof(gref_ids[0]) * op.count)) {
342 static long gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
346 struct ioctl_gntalloc_dealloc_gref op;
347 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
349 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
351 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
353 goto dealloc_grant_out;
356 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
357 gref = find_grefs(priv, op.index, op.count);
359 /* Remove from the file list only, and decrease reference count.
360 * The later call to do_cleanup() will remove from gref_list and
361 * free the memory if the pages aren't mapped anywhere.
363 for (i = 0; i < op.count; i++) {
364 n = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
365 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
366 list_del(&gref->next_file);
376 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
381 static long gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
384 struct ioctl_gntalloc_unmap_notify op;
385 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
390 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op)))
393 index = op.index & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
394 pgoff = op.index & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
396 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
398 gref = find_grefs(priv, index, 1);
404 if (op.action & ~(UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE|UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)) {
409 /* We need to grab a reference to the event channel we are going to use
410 * to send the notify before releasing the reference we may already have
411 * (if someone has called this ioctl twice). This is required so that
412 * it is possible to change the clear_byte part of the notification
413 * without disturbing the event channel part, which may now be the last
414 * reference to that event channel.
416 if (op.action & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT) {
417 if (evtchn_get(op.event_channel_port)) {
423 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)
424 evtchn_put(gref->notify.event);
426 gref->notify.flags = op.action;
427 gref->notify.pgoff = pgoff;
428 gref->notify.event = op.event_channel_port;
432 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
436 static long gntalloc_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
439 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
442 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_ALLOC_GREF:
443 return gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
445 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_DEALLOC_GREF:
446 return gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
448 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_SET_UNMAP_NOTIFY:
449 return gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(priv, (void __user *)arg);
458 static void gntalloc_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
460 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *priv = vma->vm_private_data;
465 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
467 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
470 static void gntalloc_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
472 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *priv = vma->vm_private_data;
473 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *next;
479 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
481 if (priv->users == 0) {
483 for (i = 0; i < priv->count; i++) {
485 next = list_entry(gref->next_gref.next,
486 struct gntalloc_gref, next_gref);
487 if (gref->users == 0)
493 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
496 static struct vm_operations_struct gntalloc_vmops = {
497 .open = gntalloc_vma_open,
498 .close = gntalloc_vma_close,
501 static int gntalloc_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
503 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
504 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *vm_priv;
505 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
506 int count = (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
509 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
510 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Mapping must be shared.\n", __func__);
514 vm_priv = kmalloc(sizeof(*vm_priv), GFP_KERNEL);
518 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
520 pr_debug("%s: priv %p,%p, page %lu+%d\n", __func__,
521 priv, vm_priv, vma->vm_pgoff, count);
523 gref = find_grefs(priv, vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT, count);
526 pr_debug("%s: Could not find grant reference",
532 vm_priv->gref = gref;
534 vm_priv->count = count;
536 vma->vm_private_data = vm_priv;
538 vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
540 vma->vm_ops = &gntalloc_vmops;
542 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
544 rv = vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start + i * PAGE_SIZE,
549 gref = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
550 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
555 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
559 static const struct file_operations gntalloc_fops = {
560 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
561 .open = gntalloc_open,
562 .release = gntalloc_release,
563 .unlocked_ioctl = gntalloc_ioctl,
564 .mmap = gntalloc_mmap
568 * -------------------------------------
569 * Module creation/destruction.
570 * -------------------------------------
572 static struct miscdevice gntalloc_miscdev = {
573 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
574 .name = "xen/gntalloc",
575 .fops = &gntalloc_fops,
578 static int __init gntalloc_init(void)
585 err = misc_register(&gntalloc_miscdev);
587 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not register misc gntalloc device\n");
591 pr_debug("Created grant allocation device at %d,%d\n",
592 MISC_MAJOR, gntalloc_miscdev.minor);
597 static void __exit gntalloc_exit(void)
599 misc_deregister(&gntalloc_miscdev);
602 module_init(gntalloc_init);
603 module_exit(gntalloc_exit);
605 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
606 MODULE_AUTHOR("Carter Weatherly <carter.weatherly@jhuapl.edu>, "
607 "Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>");
608 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("User-space grant reference allocator driver");