2 * Virtio balloon implementation, inspired by Dor Laor and Marcelo
3 * Tosatti's implementations.
5 * Copyright 2008 Rusty Russell IBM Corporation
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
22 #include <linux/virtio.h>
23 #include <linux/virtio_balloon.h>
24 #include <linux/swap.h>
25 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
26 #include <linux/delay.h>
27 #include <linux/slab.h>
28 #include <linux/module.h>
29 #include <linux/balloon_compaction.h>
30 #include <linux/oom.h>
31 #include <linux/wait.h>
33 #include <linux/mount.h>
36 * Balloon device works in 4K page units. So each page is pointed to by
37 * multiple balloon pages. All memory counters in this driver are in balloon
40 #define VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE (unsigned)(PAGE_SIZE >> VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFN_SHIFT)
41 #define VIRTIO_BALLOON_ARRAY_PFNS_MAX 256
42 #define OOM_VBALLOON_DEFAULT_PAGES 256
43 #define VIRTBALLOON_OOM_NOTIFY_PRIORITY 80
45 static int oom_pages = OOM_VBALLOON_DEFAULT_PAGES;
46 module_param(oom_pages, int, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
47 MODULE_PARM_DESC(oom_pages, "pages to free on OOM");
49 #ifdef CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION
50 static struct vfsmount *balloon_mnt;
53 struct virtio_balloon {
54 struct virtio_device *vdev;
55 struct virtqueue *inflate_vq, *deflate_vq, *stats_vq;
57 /* The balloon servicing is delegated to a freezable workqueue. */
58 struct work_struct update_balloon_stats_work;
59 struct work_struct update_balloon_size_work;
61 /* Prevent updating balloon when it is being canceled. */
62 spinlock_t stop_update_lock;
65 /* Waiting for host to ack the pages we released. */
66 wait_queue_head_t acked;
68 /* Number of balloon pages we've told the Host we're not using. */
69 unsigned int num_pages;
71 * The pages we've told the Host we're not using are enqueued
72 * at vb_dev_info->pages list.
73 * Each page on this list adds VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE
76 struct balloon_dev_info vb_dev_info;
78 /* Synchronize access/update to this struct virtio_balloon elements */
79 struct mutex balloon_lock;
81 /* The array of pfns we tell the Host about. */
82 unsigned int num_pfns;
83 __virtio32 pfns[VIRTIO_BALLOON_ARRAY_PFNS_MAX];
85 /* Memory statistics */
86 struct virtio_balloon_stat stats[VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_NR];
88 /* To register callback in oom notifier call chain */
89 struct notifier_block nb;
92 static struct virtio_device_id id_table[] = {
93 { VIRTIO_ID_BALLOON, VIRTIO_DEV_ANY_ID },
97 static u32 page_to_balloon_pfn(struct page *page)
99 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
101 BUILD_BUG_ON(PAGE_SHIFT < VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFN_SHIFT);
102 /* Convert pfn from Linux page size to balloon page size. */
103 return pfn * VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
106 static struct page *balloon_pfn_to_page(u32 pfn)
108 BUG_ON(pfn % VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE);
109 return pfn_to_page(pfn / VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE);
112 static void balloon_ack(struct virtqueue *vq)
114 struct virtio_balloon *vb = vq->vdev->priv;
119 static void tell_host(struct virtio_balloon *vb, struct virtqueue *vq)
121 struct scatterlist sg;
124 sg_init_one(&sg, vb->pfns, sizeof(vb->pfns[0]) * vb->num_pfns);
126 /* We should always be able to add one buffer to an empty queue. */
127 virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, &sg, 1, vb, GFP_KERNEL);
130 /* When host has read buffer, this completes via balloon_ack */
131 wait_event(vb->acked, virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len));
135 static void set_page_pfns(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
136 __virtio32 pfns[], struct page *page)
140 /* Set balloon pfns pointing at this page.
141 * Note that the first pfn points at start of the page. */
142 for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE; i++)
143 pfns[i] = cpu_to_virtio32(vb->vdev,
144 page_to_balloon_pfn(page) + i);
147 static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
149 struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info = &vb->vb_dev_info;
150 unsigned num_allocated_pages;
152 /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
153 num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
155 mutex_lock(&vb->balloon_lock);
156 for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
157 vb->num_pfns += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE) {
158 struct page *page = balloon_page_enqueue(vb_dev_info);
161 dev_info_ratelimited(&vb->vdev->dev,
162 "Out of puff! Can't get %u pages\n",
163 VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE);
164 /* Sleep for at least 1/5 of a second before retry. */
168 set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
169 vb->num_pages += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
170 if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev,
171 VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
172 adjust_managed_page_count(page, -1);
175 num_allocated_pages = vb->num_pfns;
176 /* Did we get any? */
177 if (vb->num_pfns != 0)
178 tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
179 mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
181 return num_allocated_pages;
184 static void release_pages_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
189 /* Find pfns pointing at start of each page, get pages and free them. */
190 for (i = 0; i < vb->num_pfns; i += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE) {
191 page = balloon_pfn_to_page(virtio32_to_cpu(vb->vdev,
193 if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev,
194 VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
195 adjust_managed_page_count(page, 1);
196 put_page(page); /* balloon reference */
200 static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
202 unsigned num_freed_pages;
204 struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info = &vb->vb_dev_info;
206 /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
207 num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
209 mutex_lock(&vb->balloon_lock);
210 /* We can't release more pages than taken */
211 num = min(num, (size_t)vb->num_pages);
212 for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
213 vb->num_pfns += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE) {
214 page = balloon_page_dequeue(vb_dev_info);
217 set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
218 vb->num_pages -= VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
221 num_freed_pages = vb->num_pfns;
224 * virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST);
225 * is true, we *have* to do it in this order
227 if (vb->num_pfns != 0)
228 tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
229 release_pages_balloon(vb);
230 mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
231 return num_freed_pages;
234 static inline void update_stat(struct virtio_balloon *vb, int idx,
237 BUG_ON(idx >= VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_NR);
238 vb->stats[idx].tag = cpu_to_virtio16(vb->vdev, tag);
239 vb->stats[idx].val = cpu_to_virtio64(vb->vdev, val);
242 #define pages_to_bytes(x) ((u64)(x) << PAGE_SHIFT)
244 static void update_balloon_stats(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
246 unsigned long events[NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS];
251 all_vm_events(events);
254 available = si_mem_available();
256 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_SWAP_IN,
257 pages_to_bytes(events[PSWPIN]));
258 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_SWAP_OUT,
259 pages_to_bytes(events[PSWPOUT]));
260 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MAJFLT, events[PGMAJFAULT]);
261 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MINFLT, events[PGFAULT]);
262 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MEMFREE,
263 pages_to_bytes(i.freeram));
264 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MEMTOT,
265 pages_to_bytes(i.totalram));
266 update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_AVAIL,
267 pages_to_bytes(available));
271 * While most virtqueues communicate guest-initiated requests to the hypervisor,
272 * the stats queue operates in reverse. The driver initializes the virtqueue
273 * with a single buffer. From that point forward, all conversations consist of
274 * a hypervisor request (a call to this function) which directs us to refill
275 * the virtqueue with a fresh stats buffer. Since stats collection can sleep,
276 * we delegate the job to a freezable workqueue that will do the actual work via
277 * stats_handle_request().
279 static void stats_request(struct virtqueue *vq)
281 struct virtio_balloon *vb = vq->vdev->priv;
283 spin_lock(&vb->stop_update_lock);
284 if (!vb->stop_update)
285 queue_work(system_freezable_wq, &vb->update_balloon_stats_work);
286 spin_unlock(&vb->stop_update_lock);
289 static void stats_handle_request(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
291 struct virtqueue *vq;
292 struct scatterlist sg;
295 update_balloon_stats(vb);
298 if (!virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len))
300 sg_init_one(&sg, vb->stats, sizeof(vb->stats));
301 virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, &sg, 1, vb, GFP_KERNEL);
305 static void virtballoon_changed(struct virtio_device *vdev)
307 struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;
310 spin_lock_irqsave(&vb->stop_update_lock, flags);
311 if (!vb->stop_update)
312 queue_work(system_freezable_wq, &vb->update_balloon_size_work);
313 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vb->stop_update_lock, flags);
316 static inline s64 towards_target(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
321 virtio_cread(vb->vdev, struct virtio_balloon_config, num_pages,
324 /* Legacy balloon config space is LE, unlike all other devices. */
325 if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1))
326 num_pages = le32_to_cpu((__force __le32)num_pages);
329 return target - vb->num_pages;
332 static void update_balloon_size(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
334 u32 actual = vb->num_pages;
336 /* Legacy balloon config space is LE, unlike all other devices. */
337 if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1))
338 actual = (__force u32)cpu_to_le32(actual);
340 virtio_cwrite(vb->vdev, struct virtio_balloon_config, actual,
345 * virtballoon_oom_notify - release pages when system is under severe
346 * memory pressure (called from out_of_memory())
347 * @self : notifier block struct
349 * @parm : returned - number of freed pages
351 * The balancing of memory by use of the virtio balloon should not cause
352 * the termination of processes while there are pages in the balloon.
353 * If virtio balloon manages to release some memory, it will make the
354 * system return and retry the allocation that forced the OOM killer
357 static int virtballoon_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
358 unsigned long dummy, void *parm)
360 struct virtio_balloon *vb;
361 unsigned long *freed;
362 unsigned num_freed_pages;
364 vb = container_of(self, struct virtio_balloon, nb);
365 if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
369 num_freed_pages = leak_balloon(vb, oom_pages);
370 update_balloon_size(vb);
371 *freed += num_freed_pages;
376 static void update_balloon_stats_func(struct work_struct *work)
378 struct virtio_balloon *vb;
380 vb = container_of(work, struct virtio_balloon,
381 update_balloon_stats_work);
382 stats_handle_request(vb);
385 static void update_balloon_size_func(struct work_struct *work)
387 struct virtio_balloon *vb;
390 vb = container_of(work, struct virtio_balloon,
391 update_balloon_size_work);
392 diff = towards_target(vb);
395 diff -= fill_balloon(vb, diff);
397 diff += leak_balloon(vb, -diff);
398 update_balloon_size(vb);
401 queue_work(system_freezable_wq, work);
404 static int init_vqs(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
406 struct virtqueue *vqs[3];
407 vq_callback_t *callbacks[] = { balloon_ack, balloon_ack, stats_request };
408 static const char * const names[] = { "inflate", "deflate", "stats" };
412 * We expect two virtqueues: inflate and deflate, and
415 nvqs = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ) ? 3 : 2;
416 err = vb->vdev->config->find_vqs(vb->vdev, nvqs, vqs, callbacks, names);
420 vb->inflate_vq = vqs[0];
421 vb->deflate_vq = vqs[1];
422 if (virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ)) {
423 struct scatterlist sg;
424 vb->stats_vq = vqs[2];
427 * Prime this virtqueue with one buffer so the hypervisor can
428 * use it to signal us later (it can't be broken yet!).
430 sg_init_one(&sg, vb->stats, sizeof vb->stats);
431 if (virtqueue_add_outbuf(vb->stats_vq, &sg, 1, vb, GFP_KERNEL)
434 virtqueue_kick(vb->stats_vq);
439 #ifdef CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION
441 * virtballoon_migratepage - perform the balloon page migration on behalf of
442 * a compation thread. (called under page lock)
443 * @vb_dev_info: the balloon device
444 * @newpage: page that will replace the isolated page after migration finishes.
445 * @page : the isolated (old) page that is about to be migrated to newpage.
446 * @mode : compaction mode -- not used for balloon page migration.
448 * After a ballooned page gets isolated by compaction procedures, this is the
449 * function that performs the page migration on behalf of a compaction thread
450 * The page migration for virtio balloon is done in a simple swap fashion which
451 * follows these two macro steps:
452 * 1) insert newpage into vb->pages list and update the host about it;
453 * 2) update the host about the old page removed from vb->pages list;
455 * This function preforms the balloon page migration task.
456 * Called through balloon_mapping->a_ops->migratepage
458 static int virtballoon_migratepage(struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info,
459 struct page *newpage, struct page *page, enum migrate_mode mode)
461 struct virtio_balloon *vb = container_of(vb_dev_info,
462 struct virtio_balloon, vb_dev_info);
466 * In order to avoid lock contention while migrating pages concurrently
467 * to leak_balloon() or fill_balloon() we just give up the balloon_lock
468 * this turn, as it is easier to retry the page migration later.
469 * This also prevents fill_balloon() getting stuck into a mutex
470 * recursion in the case it ends up triggering memory compaction
471 * while it is attempting to inflate the ballon.
473 if (!mutex_trylock(&vb->balloon_lock))
476 get_page(newpage); /* balloon reference */
478 /* balloon's page migration 1st step -- inflate "newpage" */
479 spin_lock_irqsave(&vb_dev_info->pages_lock, flags);
480 balloon_page_insert(vb_dev_info, newpage);
481 vb_dev_info->isolated_pages--;
482 __count_vm_event(BALLOON_MIGRATE);
483 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&vb_dev_info->pages_lock, flags);
484 vb->num_pfns = VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
485 set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns, newpage);
486 tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
488 /* balloon's page migration 2nd step -- deflate "page" */
489 balloon_page_delete(page);
490 vb->num_pfns = VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
491 set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns, page);
492 tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
494 mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
496 put_page(page); /* balloon reference */
498 return MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS;
501 static struct dentry *balloon_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
502 int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
504 static const struct dentry_operations ops = {
505 .d_dname = simple_dname,
508 return mount_pseudo(fs_type, "balloon-kvm:", NULL, &ops,
512 static struct file_system_type balloon_fs = {
513 .name = "balloon-kvm",
514 .mount = balloon_mount,
515 .kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
518 #endif /* CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION */
520 static int virtballoon_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
522 struct virtio_balloon *vb;
525 if (!vdev->config->get) {
526 dev_err(&vdev->dev, "%s failure: config access disabled\n",
531 vdev->priv = vb = kmalloc(sizeof(*vb), GFP_KERNEL);
537 INIT_WORK(&vb->update_balloon_stats_work, update_balloon_stats_func);
538 INIT_WORK(&vb->update_balloon_size_work, update_balloon_size_func);
539 spin_lock_init(&vb->stop_update_lock);
540 vb->stop_update = false;
542 mutex_init(&vb->balloon_lock);
543 init_waitqueue_head(&vb->acked);
546 balloon_devinfo_init(&vb->vb_dev_info);
552 vb->nb.notifier_call = virtballoon_oom_notify;
553 vb->nb.priority = VIRTBALLOON_OOM_NOTIFY_PRIORITY;
554 err = register_oom_notifier(&vb->nb);
558 #ifdef CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION
559 balloon_mnt = kern_mount(&balloon_fs);
560 if (IS_ERR(balloon_mnt)) {
561 err = PTR_ERR(balloon_mnt);
562 unregister_oom_notifier(&vb->nb);
566 vb->vb_dev_info.migratepage = virtballoon_migratepage;
567 vb->vb_dev_info.inode = alloc_anon_inode(balloon_mnt->mnt_sb);
568 if (IS_ERR(vb->vb_dev_info.inode)) {
569 err = PTR_ERR(vb->vb_dev_info.inode);
570 kern_unmount(balloon_mnt);
571 unregister_oom_notifier(&vb->nb);
572 vb->vb_dev_info.inode = NULL;
575 vb->vb_dev_info.inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &balloon_aops;
578 virtio_device_ready(vdev);
580 if (towards_target(vb))
581 virtballoon_changed(vdev);
585 vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
592 static void remove_common(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
594 /* There might be pages left in the balloon: free them. */
595 while (vb->num_pages)
596 leak_balloon(vb, vb->num_pages);
597 update_balloon_size(vb);
599 /* Now we reset the device so we can clean up the queues. */
600 vb->vdev->config->reset(vb->vdev);
602 vb->vdev->config->del_vqs(vb->vdev);
605 static void virtballoon_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
607 struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;
609 unregister_oom_notifier(&vb->nb);
611 spin_lock_irq(&vb->stop_update_lock);
612 vb->stop_update = true;
613 spin_unlock_irq(&vb->stop_update_lock);
614 cancel_work_sync(&vb->update_balloon_size_work);
615 cancel_work_sync(&vb->update_balloon_stats_work);
618 if (vb->vb_dev_info.inode)
619 iput(vb->vb_dev_info.inode);
623 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
624 static int virtballoon_freeze(struct virtio_device *vdev)
626 struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;
629 * The workqueue is already frozen by the PM core before this
630 * function is called.
636 static int virtballoon_restore(struct virtio_device *vdev)
638 struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;
641 ret = init_vqs(vdev->priv);
645 virtio_device_ready(vdev);
647 if (towards_target(vb))
648 virtballoon_changed(vdev);
649 update_balloon_size(vb);
654 static unsigned int features[] = {
655 VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST,
656 VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ,
657 VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM,
660 static struct virtio_driver virtio_balloon_driver = {
661 .feature_table = features,
662 .feature_table_size = ARRAY_SIZE(features),
663 .driver.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
664 .driver.owner = THIS_MODULE,
665 .id_table = id_table,
666 .probe = virtballoon_probe,
667 .remove = virtballoon_remove,
668 .config_changed = virtballoon_changed,
669 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
670 .freeze = virtballoon_freeze,
671 .restore = virtballoon_restore,
675 module_virtio_driver(virtio_balloon_driver);
676 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(virtio, id_table);
677 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Virtio balloon driver");
678 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");