1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * Copyright (c) 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
4 * Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved
6 #include <linux/iova_bitmap.h>
8 #include <linux/highmem.h>
10 #define BITS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE * BITS_PER_BYTE)
13 * struct iova_bitmap_map - A bitmap representing an IOVA range
15 * Main data structure for tracking mapped user pages of bitmap data.
17 * For example, for something recording dirty IOVAs, it will be provided a
18 * struct iova_bitmap structure, as a general structure for iterating the
19 * total IOVA range. The struct iova_bitmap_map, though, represents the
20 * subset of said IOVA space that is pinned by its parent structure (struct
23 * The user does not need to exact location of the bits in the bitmap.
24 * From user perspective the only API available is iova_bitmap_set() which
25 * records the IOVA *range* in the bitmap by setting the corresponding
28 * The bitmap is an array of u64 whereas each bit represents an IOVA of
29 * range of (1 << pgshift). Thus formula for the bitmap data to be set is:
31 * data[(iova / page_size) / 64] & (1ULL << (iova % 64))
33 struct iova_bitmap_map {
34 /* base IOVA representing bit 0 of the first page */
37 /* page size order that each bit granules to */
38 unsigned long pgshift;
40 /* page offset of the first user page pinned */
43 /* number of pages pinned */
46 /* pinned pages representing the bitmap data */
51 * struct iova_bitmap - The IOVA bitmap object
53 * Main data structure for iterating over the bitmap data.
55 * Abstracts the pinning work and iterates in IOVA ranges.
56 * It uses a windowing scheme and pins the bitmap in relatively
59 * The bitmap object uses one base page to store all the pinned pages
60 * pointers related to the bitmap. For sizeof(struct page*) == 8 it stores
61 * 512 struct page pointers which, if the base page size is 4K, it means
62 * 2M of bitmap data is pinned at a time. If the iova_bitmap page size is
63 * also 4K then the range window to iterate is 64G.
65 * For example iterating on a total IOVA range of 4G..128G, it will walk
66 * through this set of ranges:
71 * An example of the APIs on how to use/iterate over the IOVA bitmap:
73 * bitmap = iova_bitmap_alloc(iova, length, page_size, data);
75 * return PTR_ERR(bitmap);
77 * ret = iova_bitmap_for_each(bitmap, arg, dirty_reporter_fn);
79 * iova_bitmap_free(bitmap);
81 * Each iteration of the @dirty_reporter_fn is called with a unique @iova
82 * and @length argument, indicating the current range available through the
83 * iova_bitmap. The @dirty_reporter_fn uses iova_bitmap_set() to mark dirty
84 * areas (@iova_length) within that provided range, as following:
86 * iova_bitmap_set(bitmap, iova, iova_length);
88 * The internals of the object uses an index @mapped_base_index that indexes
89 * which u64 word of the bitmap is mapped, up to @mapped_total_index.
90 * Those keep being incremented until @mapped_total_index is reached while
91 * mapping up to PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct page*) maximum of pages.
93 * The IOVA bitmap is usually located on what tracks DMA mapped ranges or
94 * some form of IOVA range tracking that co-relates to the user passed
98 /* IOVA range representing the currently mapped bitmap data */
99 struct iova_bitmap_map mapped;
101 /* userspace address of the bitmap */
104 /* u64 index that @mapped points to */
105 unsigned long mapped_base_index;
107 /* how many u64 can we walk in total */
108 unsigned long mapped_total_index;
110 /* base IOVA of the whole bitmap */
113 /* length of the IOVA range for the whole bitmap */
118 * Converts a relative IOVA to a bitmap index.
119 * This function provides the index into the u64 array (bitmap::bitmap)
120 * for a given IOVA offset.
121 * Relative IOVA means relative to the bitmap::mapped base IOVA
122 * (stored in mapped::iova). All computations in this file are done using
123 * relative IOVAs and thus avoid an extra subtraction against mapped::iova.
124 * The user API iova_bitmap_set() always uses a regular absolute IOVAs.
126 static unsigned long iova_bitmap_offset_to_index(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap,
129 unsigned long pgsize = 1 << bitmap->mapped.pgshift;
131 return iova / (BITS_PER_TYPE(*bitmap->bitmap) * pgsize);
135 * Converts a bitmap index to a *relative* IOVA.
137 static unsigned long iova_bitmap_index_to_offset(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap,
140 unsigned long pgshift = bitmap->mapped.pgshift;
142 return (index * BITS_PER_TYPE(*bitmap->bitmap)) << pgshift;
146 * Returns the base IOVA of the mapped range.
148 static unsigned long iova_bitmap_mapped_iova(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
150 unsigned long skip = bitmap->mapped_base_index;
152 return bitmap->iova + iova_bitmap_index_to_offset(bitmap, skip);
156 * Pins the bitmap user pages for the current range window.
157 * This is internal to IOVA bitmap and called when advancing the
158 * index (@mapped_base_index) or allocating the bitmap.
160 static int iova_bitmap_get(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
162 struct iova_bitmap_map *mapped = &bitmap->mapped;
163 unsigned long npages;
168 * @mapped_base_index is the index of the currently mapped u64 words
169 * that we have access. Anything before @mapped_base_index is not
170 * mapped. The range @mapped_base_index .. @mapped_total_index-1 is
171 * mapped but capped at a maximum number of pages.
173 npages = DIV_ROUND_UP((bitmap->mapped_total_index -
174 bitmap->mapped_base_index) *
175 sizeof(*bitmap->bitmap), PAGE_SIZE);
178 * We always cap at max number of 'struct page' a base page can fit.
179 * This is, for example, on x86 means 2M of bitmap data max.
181 npages = min(npages, PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct page *));
184 * Bitmap address to be pinned is calculated via pointer arithmetic
185 * with bitmap u64 word index.
187 addr = bitmap->bitmap + bitmap->mapped_base_index;
189 ret = pin_user_pages_fast((unsigned long)addr, npages,
190 FOLL_WRITE, mapped->pages);
194 mapped->npages = (unsigned long)ret;
195 /* Base IOVA where @pages point to i.e. bit 0 of the first page */
196 mapped->iova = iova_bitmap_mapped_iova(bitmap);
199 * offset of the page where pinned pages bit 0 is located.
200 * This handles the case where the bitmap is not PAGE_SIZE
203 mapped->pgoff = offset_in_page(addr);
208 * Unpins the bitmap user pages and clears @npages
209 * (un)pinning is abstracted from API user and it's done when advancing
210 * the index or freeing the bitmap.
212 static void iova_bitmap_put(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
214 struct iova_bitmap_map *mapped = &bitmap->mapped;
216 if (mapped->npages) {
217 unpin_user_pages(mapped->pages, mapped->npages);
223 * iova_bitmap_alloc() - Allocates an IOVA bitmap object
224 * @iova: Start address of the IOVA range
225 * @length: Length of the IOVA range
226 * @page_size: Page size of the IOVA bitmap. It defines what each bit
227 * granularity represents
228 * @data: Userspace address of the bitmap
230 * Allocates an IOVA object and initializes all its fields including the
231 * first user pages of @data.
233 * Return: A pointer to a newly allocated struct iova_bitmap
234 * or ERR_PTR() on error.
236 struct iova_bitmap *iova_bitmap_alloc(unsigned long iova, size_t length,
237 unsigned long page_size, u64 __user *data)
239 struct iova_bitmap_map *mapped;
240 struct iova_bitmap *bitmap;
243 bitmap = kzalloc(sizeof(*bitmap), GFP_KERNEL);
245 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
247 mapped = &bitmap->mapped;
248 mapped->pgshift = __ffs(page_size);
249 bitmap->bitmap = data;
250 bitmap->mapped_total_index =
251 iova_bitmap_offset_to_index(bitmap, length - 1) + 1;
253 bitmap->length = length;
255 mapped->pages = (struct page **)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
256 if (!mapped->pages) {
261 rc = iova_bitmap_get(bitmap);
267 iova_bitmap_free(bitmap);
272 * iova_bitmap_free() - Frees an IOVA bitmap object
273 * @bitmap: IOVA bitmap to free
275 * It unpins and releases pages array memory and clears any leftover
278 void iova_bitmap_free(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
280 struct iova_bitmap_map *mapped = &bitmap->mapped;
282 iova_bitmap_put(bitmap);
285 free_page((unsigned long)mapped->pages);
286 mapped->pages = NULL;
293 * Returns the remaining bitmap indexes from mapped_total_index to process for
294 * the currently pinned bitmap pages.
296 static unsigned long iova_bitmap_mapped_remaining(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
298 unsigned long remaining;
300 remaining = bitmap->mapped_total_index - bitmap->mapped_base_index;
301 remaining = min_t(unsigned long, remaining,
302 (bitmap->mapped.npages << PAGE_SHIFT) / sizeof(*bitmap->bitmap));
308 * Returns the length of the mapped IOVA range.
310 static unsigned long iova_bitmap_mapped_length(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
312 unsigned long max_iova = bitmap->iova + bitmap->length - 1;
313 unsigned long iova = iova_bitmap_mapped_iova(bitmap);
314 unsigned long remaining;
317 * iova_bitmap_mapped_remaining() returns a number of indexes which
318 * when converted to IOVA gives us a max length that the bitmap
319 * pinned data can cover. Afterwards, that is capped to
320 * only cover the IOVA range in @bitmap::iova .. @bitmap::length.
322 remaining = iova_bitmap_index_to_offset(bitmap,
323 iova_bitmap_mapped_remaining(bitmap));
325 if (iova + remaining - 1 > max_iova)
326 remaining -= ((iova + remaining - 1) - max_iova);
332 * Returns true if there's not more data to iterate.
334 static bool iova_bitmap_done(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
336 return bitmap->mapped_base_index >= bitmap->mapped_total_index;
340 * Advances to the next range, releases the current pinned
341 * pages and pins the next set of bitmap pages.
342 * Returns 0 on success or otherwise errno.
344 static int iova_bitmap_advance(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap)
346 unsigned long iova = iova_bitmap_mapped_length(bitmap) - 1;
347 unsigned long count = iova_bitmap_offset_to_index(bitmap, iova) + 1;
349 bitmap->mapped_base_index += count;
351 iova_bitmap_put(bitmap);
352 if (iova_bitmap_done(bitmap))
355 /* When advancing the index we pin the next set of bitmap pages */
356 return iova_bitmap_get(bitmap);
360 * iova_bitmap_for_each() - Iterates over the bitmap
361 * @bitmap: IOVA bitmap to iterate
362 * @opaque: Additional argument to pass to the callback
363 * @fn: Function that gets called for each IOVA range
365 * Helper function to iterate over bitmap data representing a portion of IOVA
366 * space. It hides the complexity of iterating bitmaps and translating the
367 * mapped bitmap user pages into IOVA ranges to process.
369 * Return: 0 on success, and an error on failure either upon
370 * iteration or when the callback returns an error.
372 int iova_bitmap_for_each(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap, void *opaque,
377 for (; !iova_bitmap_done(bitmap) && !ret;
378 ret = iova_bitmap_advance(bitmap)) {
379 ret = fn(bitmap, iova_bitmap_mapped_iova(bitmap),
380 iova_bitmap_mapped_length(bitmap), opaque);
389 * iova_bitmap_set() - Records an IOVA range in bitmap
390 * @bitmap: IOVA bitmap
391 * @iova: IOVA to start
392 * @length: IOVA range length
394 * Set the bits corresponding to the range [iova .. iova+length-1] in
397 * Return: The number of bits set.
399 void iova_bitmap_set(struct iova_bitmap *bitmap,
400 unsigned long iova, size_t length)
402 struct iova_bitmap_map *mapped = &bitmap->mapped;
403 unsigned long offset = (iova - mapped->iova) >> mapped->pgshift;
404 unsigned long nbits = max_t(unsigned long, 1, length >> mapped->pgshift);
405 unsigned long page_idx = offset / BITS_PER_PAGE;
406 unsigned long page_offset = mapped->pgoff;
409 offset = offset % BITS_PER_PAGE;
412 unsigned long size = min(BITS_PER_PAGE - offset, nbits);
414 kaddr = kmap_local_page(mapped->pages[page_idx]);
415 bitmap_set(kaddr + page_offset, offset, size);
417 page_offset = offset = 0;
422 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iova_bitmap_set);