1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #include <linux/types.h>
3 #include <linux/errno.h>
4 #include <linux/kmod.h>
5 #include <linux/sched.h>
6 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
8 #include <linux/tty_driver.h>
9 #include <linux/file.h>
11 #include <linux/string.h>
12 #include <linux/slab.h>
13 #include <linux/poll.h>
14 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
15 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/device.h>
17 #include <linux/wait.h>
18 #include <linux/bitops.h>
19 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
20 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
21 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
24 #undef LDISC_DEBUG_HANGUP
26 #ifdef LDISC_DEBUG_HANGUP
27 #define tty_ldisc_debug(tty, f, args...) tty_debug(tty, f, ##args)
29 #define tty_ldisc_debug(tty, f, args...)
32 /* lockdep nested classes for tty->ldisc_sem */
40 * This guards the refcounted line discipline lists. The lock
41 * must be taken with irqs off because there are hangup path
42 * callers who will do ldisc lookups and cannot sleep.
45 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(tty_ldiscs_lock);
46 /* Line disc dispatch table */
47 static struct tty_ldisc_ops *tty_ldiscs[NR_LDISCS];
50 * tty_register_ldisc - install a line discipline
51 * @new_ldisc: pointer to the ldisc object
53 * Installs a new line discipline into the kernel. The discipline is set up as
54 * unreferenced and then made available to the kernel from this point onwards.
56 * Locking: takes %tty_ldiscs_lock to guard against ldisc races
58 int tty_register_ldisc(struct tty_ldisc_ops *new_ldisc)
63 if (new_ldisc->num < N_TTY || new_ldisc->num >= NR_LDISCS)
66 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
67 tty_ldiscs[new_ldisc->num] = new_ldisc;
68 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
72 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_register_ldisc);
75 * tty_unregister_ldisc - unload a line discipline
76 * @ldisc: ldisc number
78 * Remove a line discipline from the kernel providing it is not currently in
81 * Locking: takes %tty_ldiscs_lock to guard against ldisc races
84 void tty_unregister_ldisc(struct tty_ldisc_ops *ldisc)
88 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
89 tty_ldiscs[ldisc->num] = NULL;
90 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
92 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_unregister_ldisc);
94 static struct tty_ldisc_ops *get_ldops(int disc)
97 struct tty_ldisc_ops *ldops, *ret;
99 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
100 ret = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
101 ldops = tty_ldiscs[disc];
103 ret = ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
104 if (try_module_get(ldops->owner))
107 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
111 static void put_ldops(struct tty_ldisc_ops *ldops)
115 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
116 module_put(ldops->owner);
117 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldiscs_lock, flags);
120 static int tty_ldisc_autoload = IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_LDISC_AUTOLOAD);
123 * tty_ldisc_get - take a reference to an ldisc
125 * @disc: ldisc number
127 * Takes a reference to a line discipline. Deals with refcounts and module
128 * locking counts. If the discipline is not available, its module loaded, if
132 * * -%EINVAL if the discipline index is not [%N_TTY .. %NR_LDISCS] or if the
133 * discipline is not registered
134 * * -%EAGAIN if request_module() failed to load or register the discipline
135 * * -%ENOMEM if allocation failure
136 * * Otherwise, returns a pointer to the discipline and bumps the ref count
138 * Locking: takes %tty_ldiscs_lock to guard against ldisc races
140 static struct tty_ldisc *tty_ldisc_get(struct tty_struct *tty, int disc)
142 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
143 struct tty_ldisc_ops *ldops;
145 if (disc < N_TTY || disc >= NR_LDISCS)
146 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
149 * Get the ldisc ops - we may need to request them to be loaded
150 * dynamically and try again.
152 ldops = get_ldops(disc);
154 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_MODULE) && !tty_ldisc_autoload)
155 return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
156 request_module("tty-ldisc-%d", disc);
157 ldops = get_ldops(disc);
159 return ERR_CAST(ldops);
163 * There is no way to handle allocation failure of only 16 bytes.
164 * Let's simplify error handling and save more memory.
166 ld = kmalloc(sizeof(struct tty_ldisc), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
174 * tty_ldisc_put - release the ldisc
175 * @ld: lisdsc to release
177 * Complement of tty_ldisc_get().
179 static void tty_ldisc_put(struct tty_ldisc *ld)
181 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ld))
188 static void *tty_ldiscs_seq_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
190 return (*pos < NR_LDISCS) ? pos : NULL;
193 static void *tty_ldiscs_seq_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
196 return (*pos < NR_LDISCS) ? pos : NULL;
199 static void tty_ldiscs_seq_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
203 static int tty_ldiscs_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
205 int i = *(loff_t *)v;
206 struct tty_ldisc_ops *ldops;
208 ldops = get_ldops(i);
211 seq_printf(m, "%-10s %2d\n", ldops->name ? ldops->name : "???", i);
216 const struct seq_operations tty_ldiscs_seq_ops = {
217 .start = tty_ldiscs_seq_start,
218 .next = tty_ldiscs_seq_next,
219 .stop = tty_ldiscs_seq_stop,
220 .show = tty_ldiscs_seq_show,
224 * tty_ldisc_ref_wait - wait for the tty ldisc
227 * Dereference the line discipline for the terminal and take a reference to it.
228 * If the line discipline is in flux then wait patiently until it changes.
230 * Returns: %NULL if the tty has been hungup and not re-opened with a new file
231 * descriptor, otherwise valid ldisc reference
233 * Note 1: Must not be called from an IRQ/timer context. The caller must also
234 * be careful not to hold other locks that will deadlock against a discipline
235 * change, such as an existing ldisc reference (which we check for).
237 * Note 2: a file_operations routine (read/poll/write) should use this function
238 * to wait for any ldisc lifetime events to finish.
240 struct tty_ldisc *tty_ldisc_ref_wait(struct tty_struct *tty)
242 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
244 ldsem_down_read(&tty->ldisc_sem, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
247 ldsem_up_read(&tty->ldisc_sem);
250 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_ref_wait);
253 * tty_ldisc_ref - get the tty ldisc
256 * Dereference the line discipline for the terminal and take a reference to it.
257 * If the line discipline is in flux then return %NULL. Can be called from IRQ
258 * and timer functions.
260 struct tty_ldisc *tty_ldisc_ref(struct tty_struct *tty)
262 struct tty_ldisc *ld = NULL;
264 if (ldsem_down_read_trylock(&tty->ldisc_sem)) {
267 ldsem_up_read(&tty->ldisc_sem);
271 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_ref);
274 * tty_ldisc_deref - free a tty ldisc reference
275 * @ld: reference to free up
277 * Undoes the effect of tty_ldisc_ref() or tty_ldisc_ref_wait(). May be called
280 void tty_ldisc_deref(struct tty_ldisc *ld)
282 ldsem_up_read(&ld->tty->ldisc_sem);
284 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_deref);
288 __tty_ldisc_lock(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned long timeout)
290 return ldsem_down_write(&tty->ldisc_sem, timeout);
294 __tty_ldisc_lock_nested(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned long timeout)
296 return ldsem_down_write_nested(&tty->ldisc_sem,
297 LDISC_SEM_OTHER, timeout);
300 static inline void __tty_ldisc_unlock(struct tty_struct *tty)
302 ldsem_up_write(&tty->ldisc_sem);
305 int tty_ldisc_lock(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned long timeout)
309 /* Kindly asking blocked readers to release the read side */
310 set_bit(TTY_LDISC_CHANGING, &tty->flags);
311 wake_up_interruptible_all(&tty->read_wait);
312 wake_up_interruptible_all(&tty->write_wait);
314 ret = __tty_ldisc_lock(tty, timeout);
317 set_bit(TTY_LDISC_HALTED, &tty->flags);
321 void tty_ldisc_unlock(struct tty_struct *tty)
323 clear_bit(TTY_LDISC_HALTED, &tty->flags);
324 /* Can be cleared here - ldisc_unlock will wake up writers firstly */
325 clear_bit(TTY_LDISC_CHANGING, &tty->flags);
326 __tty_ldisc_unlock(tty);
330 tty_ldisc_lock_pair_timeout(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_struct *tty2,
331 unsigned long timeout)
336 ret = __tty_ldisc_lock(tty, timeout);
338 ret = __tty_ldisc_lock_nested(tty2, timeout);
340 __tty_ldisc_unlock(tty);
343 /* if this is possible, it has lots of implications */
344 WARN_ON_ONCE(tty == tty2);
345 if (tty2 && tty != tty2) {
346 ret = __tty_ldisc_lock(tty2, timeout);
348 ret = __tty_ldisc_lock_nested(tty, timeout);
350 __tty_ldisc_unlock(tty2);
353 ret = __tty_ldisc_lock(tty, timeout);
359 set_bit(TTY_LDISC_HALTED, &tty->flags);
361 set_bit(TTY_LDISC_HALTED, &tty2->flags);
365 static void tty_ldisc_lock_pair(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_struct *tty2)
367 tty_ldisc_lock_pair_timeout(tty, tty2, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
370 static void tty_ldisc_unlock_pair(struct tty_struct *tty,
371 struct tty_struct *tty2)
373 __tty_ldisc_unlock(tty);
375 __tty_ldisc_unlock(tty2);
379 * tty_ldisc_flush - flush line discipline queue
380 * @tty: tty to flush ldisc for
382 * Flush the line discipline queue (if any) and the tty flip buffers for this
385 void tty_ldisc_flush(struct tty_struct *tty)
387 struct tty_ldisc *ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
389 tty_buffer_flush(tty, ld);
393 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_flush);
396 * tty_set_termios_ldisc - set ldisc field
397 * @tty: tty structure
398 * @disc: line discipline number
400 * This is probably overkill for real world processors but they are not on hot
401 * paths so a little discipline won't do any harm.
403 * The line discipline-related tty_struct fields are reset to prevent the ldisc
404 * driver from re-using stale information for the new ldisc instance.
406 * Locking: takes termios_rwsem
408 static void tty_set_termios_ldisc(struct tty_struct *tty, int disc)
410 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
411 tty->termios.c_line = disc;
412 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
414 tty->disc_data = NULL;
415 tty->receive_room = 0;
419 * tty_ldisc_open - open a line discipline
420 * @tty: tty we are opening the ldisc on
421 * @ld: discipline to open
423 * A helper opening method. Also a convenient debugging and check point.
425 * Locking: always called with BTM already held.
427 static int tty_ldisc_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_ldisc *ld)
429 WARN_ON(test_and_set_bit(TTY_LDISC_OPEN, &tty->flags));
432 /* BTM here locks versus a hangup event */
433 ret = ld->ops->open(tty);
435 clear_bit(TTY_LDISC_OPEN, &tty->flags);
437 tty_ldisc_debug(tty, "%p: opened\n", ld);
444 * tty_ldisc_close - close a line discipline
445 * @tty: tty we are opening the ldisc on
446 * @ld: discipline to close
448 * A helper close method. Also a convenient debugging and check point.
450 static void tty_ldisc_close(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_ldisc *ld)
452 lockdep_assert_held_write(&tty->ldisc_sem);
453 WARN_ON(!test_bit(TTY_LDISC_OPEN, &tty->flags));
454 clear_bit(TTY_LDISC_OPEN, &tty->flags);
457 tty_ldisc_debug(tty, "%p: closed\n", ld);
461 * tty_ldisc_failto - helper for ldisc failback
462 * @tty: tty to open the ldisc on
463 * @ld: ldisc we are trying to fail back to
465 * Helper to try and recover a tty when switching back to the old ldisc fails
466 * and we need something attached.
468 static int tty_ldisc_failto(struct tty_struct *tty, int ld)
470 struct tty_ldisc *disc = tty_ldisc_get(tty, ld);
473 lockdep_assert_held_write(&tty->ldisc_sem);
475 return PTR_ERR(disc);
477 tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, ld);
478 r = tty_ldisc_open(tty, disc);
485 * tty_ldisc_restore - helper for tty ldisc change
486 * @tty: tty to recover
487 * @old: previous ldisc
489 * Restore the previous line discipline or %N_TTY when a line discipline change
490 * fails due to an open error
492 static void tty_ldisc_restore(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_ldisc *old)
494 /* There is an outstanding reference here so this is safe */
495 if (tty_ldisc_failto(tty, old->ops->num) < 0) {
496 const char *name = tty_name(tty);
498 pr_warn("Falling back ldisc for %s.\n", name);
500 * The traditional behaviour is to fall back to N_TTY, we
501 * want to avoid falling back to N_NULL unless we have no
502 * choice to avoid the risk of breaking anything
504 if (tty_ldisc_failto(tty, N_TTY) < 0 &&
505 tty_ldisc_failto(tty, N_NULL) < 0)
506 panic("Couldn't open N_NULL ldisc for %s.", name);
511 * tty_set_ldisc - set line discipline
512 * @tty: the terminal to set
513 * @disc: the line discipline number
515 * Set the discipline of a tty line. Must be called from a process context. The
516 * ldisc change logic has to protect itself against any overlapping ldisc
517 * change (including on the other end of pty pairs), the close of one side of a
518 * tty/pty pair, and eventually hangup.
520 int tty_set_ldisc(struct tty_struct *tty, int disc)
523 struct tty_ldisc *old_ldisc, *new_ldisc;
525 new_ldisc = tty_ldisc_get(tty, disc);
526 if (IS_ERR(new_ldisc))
527 return PTR_ERR(new_ldisc);
530 retval = tty_ldisc_lock(tty, 5 * HZ);
539 /* Check the no-op case */
540 if (tty->ldisc->ops->num == disc)
543 if (test_bit(TTY_HUPPED, &tty->flags)) {
544 /* We were raced by hangup */
549 old_ldisc = tty->ldisc;
551 /* Shutdown the old discipline. */
552 tty_ldisc_close(tty, old_ldisc);
554 /* Now set up the new line discipline. */
555 tty->ldisc = new_ldisc;
556 tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, disc);
558 retval = tty_ldisc_open(tty, new_ldisc);
560 /* Back to the old one or N_TTY if we can't */
561 tty_ldisc_put(new_ldisc);
562 tty_ldisc_restore(tty, old_ldisc);
565 if (tty->ldisc->ops->num != old_ldisc->ops->num && tty->ops->set_ldisc) {
566 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
567 tty->ops->set_ldisc(tty);
568 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
572 * At this point we hold a reference to the new ldisc and a
573 * reference to the old ldisc, or we hold two references to
574 * the old ldisc (if it was restored as part of error cleanup
575 * above). In either case, releasing a single reference from
576 * the old ldisc is correct.
578 new_ldisc = old_ldisc;
580 tty_ldisc_unlock(tty);
583 * Restart the work queue in case no characters kick it off. Safe if
586 tty_buffer_restart_work(tty->port);
588 tty_ldisc_put(new_ldisc); /* drop the extra reference */
592 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_set_ldisc);
595 * tty_ldisc_kill - teardown ldisc
596 * @tty: tty being released
598 * Perform final close of the ldisc and reset @tty->ldisc
600 static void tty_ldisc_kill(struct tty_struct *tty)
602 lockdep_assert_held_write(&tty->ldisc_sem);
606 * Now kill off the ldisc
608 tty_ldisc_close(tty, tty->ldisc);
609 tty_ldisc_put(tty->ldisc);
610 /* Force an oops if we mess this up */
615 * tty_reset_termios - reset terminal state
618 * Restore a terminal to the driver default state.
620 static void tty_reset_termios(struct tty_struct *tty)
622 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
623 tty->termios = tty->driver->init_termios;
624 tty->termios.c_ispeed = tty_termios_input_baud_rate(&tty->termios);
625 tty->termios.c_ospeed = tty_termios_baud_rate(&tty->termios);
626 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
631 * tty_ldisc_reinit - reinitialise the tty ldisc
632 * @tty: tty to reinit
633 * @disc: line discipline to reinitialize
635 * Completely reinitialize the line discipline state, by closing the current
636 * instance, if there is one, and opening a new instance. If an error occurs
637 * opening the new non-%N_TTY instance, the instance is dropped and @tty->ldisc
638 * reset to %NULL. The caller can then retry with %N_TTY instead.
640 * Returns: 0 if successful, otherwise error code < 0
642 int tty_ldisc_reinit(struct tty_struct *tty, int disc)
644 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
647 lockdep_assert_held_write(&tty->ldisc_sem);
648 ld = tty_ldisc_get(tty, disc);
650 BUG_ON(disc == N_TTY);
655 tty_ldisc_close(tty, tty->ldisc);
656 tty_ldisc_put(tty->ldisc);
659 /* switch the line discipline */
661 tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, disc);
662 retval = tty_ldisc_open(tty, tty->ldisc);
664 tty_ldisc_put(tty->ldisc);
671 * tty_ldisc_hangup - hangup ldisc reset
672 * @tty: tty being hung up
673 * @reinit: whether to re-initialise the tty
675 * Some tty devices reset their termios when they receive a hangup event. In
676 * that situation we must also switch back to %N_TTY properly before we reset
679 * Locking: We can take the ldisc mutex as the rest of the code is careful to
682 * In the pty pair case this occurs in the close() path of the tty itself so we
683 * must be careful about locking rules.
685 void tty_ldisc_hangup(struct tty_struct *tty, bool reinit)
687 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
689 tty_ldisc_debug(tty, "%p: hangup\n", tty->ldisc);
691 ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
693 if (ld->ops->flush_buffer)
694 ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
695 tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
696 if ((test_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &tty->flags)) &&
697 ld->ops->write_wakeup)
698 ld->ops->write_wakeup(tty);
700 ld->ops->hangup(tty);
704 wake_up_interruptible_poll(&tty->write_wait, EPOLLOUT);
705 wake_up_interruptible_poll(&tty->read_wait, EPOLLIN);
708 * Shutdown the current line discipline, and reset it to
711 * Avoid racing set_ldisc or tty_ldisc_release
713 tty_ldisc_lock(tty, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
715 if (tty->driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_RESET_TERMIOS)
716 tty_reset_termios(tty);
720 if (tty_ldisc_reinit(tty, tty->termios.c_line) < 0 &&
721 tty_ldisc_reinit(tty, N_TTY) < 0)
722 WARN_ON(tty_ldisc_reinit(tty, N_NULL) < 0);
726 tty_ldisc_unlock(tty);
730 * tty_ldisc_setup - open line discipline
731 * @tty: tty being shut down
732 * @o_tty: pair tty for pty/tty pairs
734 * Called during the initial open of a tty/pty pair in order to set up the line
735 * disciplines and bind them to the @tty. This has no locking issues as the
736 * device isn't yet active.
738 int tty_ldisc_setup(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_struct *o_tty)
740 int retval = tty_ldisc_open(tty, tty->ldisc);
747 * Called without o_tty->ldisc_sem held, as o_tty has been
748 * just allocated and no one has a reference to it.
750 retval = tty_ldisc_open(o_tty, o_tty->ldisc);
752 tty_ldisc_close(tty, tty->ldisc);
760 * tty_ldisc_release - release line discipline
761 * @tty: tty being shut down (or one end of pty pair)
763 * Called during the final close of a tty or a pty pair in order to shut down
764 * the line discpline layer. On exit, each tty's ldisc is %NULL.
766 void tty_ldisc_release(struct tty_struct *tty)
768 struct tty_struct *o_tty = tty->link;
771 * Shutdown this line discipline. As this is the final close,
772 * it does not race with the set_ldisc code path.
775 tty_ldisc_lock_pair(tty, o_tty);
778 tty_ldisc_kill(o_tty);
779 tty_ldisc_unlock_pair(tty, o_tty);
782 * And the memory resources remaining (buffers, termios) will be
783 * disposed of when the kref hits zero
786 tty_ldisc_debug(tty, "released\n");
790 * tty_ldisc_init - ldisc setup for new tty
791 * @tty: tty being allocated
793 * Set up the line discipline objects for a newly allocated tty. Note that the
794 * tty structure is not completely set up when this call is made.
796 int tty_ldisc_init(struct tty_struct *tty)
798 struct tty_ldisc *ld = tty_ldisc_get(tty, N_TTY);
807 * tty_ldisc_deinit - ldisc cleanup for new tty
808 * @tty: tty that was allocated recently
810 * The tty structure must not be completely set up (tty_ldisc_setup()) when
813 void tty_ldisc_deinit(struct tty_struct *tty)
815 /* no ldisc_sem, tty is being destroyed */
817 tty_ldisc_put(tty->ldisc);
821 static struct ctl_table tty_table[] = {
823 .procname = "ldisc_autoload",
824 .data = &tty_ldisc_autoload,
825 .maxlen = sizeof(tty_ldisc_autoload),
827 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
828 .extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
829 .extra2 = SYSCTL_ONE,
834 static struct ctl_table tty_dir_table[] = {
843 static struct ctl_table tty_root_table[] = {
847 .child = tty_dir_table,
852 void tty_sysctl_init(void)
854 register_sysctl_table(tty_root_table);