1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
5 * Modified by Fred N. van Kempen, 01/29/93, to add line disciplines
6 * which can be dynamically activated and de-activated by the line
7 * discipline handling modules (like SLIP).
10 #include <linux/types.h>
11 #include <linux/termios.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
14 #include <linux/kernel.h>
15 #include <linux/major.h>
16 #include <linux/tty.h>
17 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
18 #include <linux/string.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/bitops.h>
22 #include <linux/mutex.h>
23 #include <linux/compat.h>
26 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
28 #undef TTY_DEBUG_WAIT_UNTIL_SENT
30 #ifdef TTY_DEBUG_WAIT_UNTIL_SENT
31 # define tty_debug_wait_until_sent(tty, f, args...) tty_debug(tty, f, ##args)
33 # define tty_debug_wait_until_sent(tty, f, args...) do {} while (0)
39 * Internal flag options for termios setting behavior
41 #define TERMIOS_FLUSH 1
42 #define TERMIOS_WAIT 2
43 #define TERMIOS_TERMIO 4
48 * tty_chars_in_buffer - characters pending
51 * Return the number of bytes of data in the device private
52 * output queue. If no private method is supplied there is assumed
53 * to be no queue on the device.
56 int tty_chars_in_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty)
58 if (tty->ops->chars_in_buffer)
59 return tty->ops->chars_in_buffer(tty);
63 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_chars_in_buffer);
66 * tty_write_room - write queue space
69 * Return the number of bytes that can be queued to this device
70 * at the present time. The result should be treated as a guarantee
71 * and the driver cannot offer a value it later shrinks by more than
72 * the number of bytes written. If no method is provided 2K is always
73 * returned and data may be lost as there will be no flow control.
76 int tty_write_room(struct tty_struct *tty)
78 if (tty->ops->write_room)
79 return tty->ops->write_room(tty);
82 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_write_room);
85 * tty_driver_flush_buffer - discard internal buffer
88 * Discard the internal output buffer for this device. If no method
89 * is provided then either the buffer cannot be hardware flushed or
90 * there is no buffer driver side.
92 void tty_driver_flush_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty)
94 if (tty->ops->flush_buffer)
95 tty->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
97 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_driver_flush_buffer);
100 * tty_throttle - flow control
103 * Indicate that a tty should stop transmitting data down the stack.
104 * Takes the termios rwsem to protect against parallel throttle/unthrottle
105 * and also to ensure the driver can consistently reference its own
106 * termios data at this point when implementing software flow control.
109 void tty_throttle(struct tty_struct *tty)
111 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
112 /* check TTY_THROTTLED first so it indicates our state */
113 if (!test_and_set_bit(TTY_THROTTLED, &tty->flags) &&
115 tty->ops->throttle(tty);
116 tty->flow_change = 0;
117 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
119 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_throttle);
122 * tty_unthrottle - flow control
125 * Indicate that a tty may continue transmitting data down the stack.
126 * Takes the termios rwsem to protect against parallel throttle/unthrottle
127 * and also to ensure the driver can consistently reference its own
128 * termios data at this point when implementing software flow control.
130 * Drivers should however remember that the stack can issue a throttle,
131 * then change flow control method, then unthrottle.
134 void tty_unthrottle(struct tty_struct *tty)
136 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
137 if (test_and_clear_bit(TTY_THROTTLED, &tty->flags) &&
138 tty->ops->unthrottle)
139 tty->ops->unthrottle(tty);
140 tty->flow_change = 0;
141 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
143 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_unthrottle);
146 * tty_throttle_safe - flow control
149 * Similar to tty_throttle() but will only attempt throttle
150 * if tty->flow_change is TTY_THROTTLE_SAFE. Prevents an accidental
151 * throttle due to race conditions when throttling is conditional
152 * on factors evaluated prior to throttling.
154 * Returns 0 if tty is throttled (or was already throttled)
157 int tty_throttle_safe(struct tty_struct *tty)
161 mutex_lock(&tty->throttle_mutex);
162 if (!tty_throttled(tty)) {
163 if (tty->flow_change != TTY_THROTTLE_SAFE)
166 set_bit(TTY_THROTTLED, &tty->flags);
167 if (tty->ops->throttle)
168 tty->ops->throttle(tty);
171 mutex_unlock(&tty->throttle_mutex);
177 * tty_unthrottle_safe - flow control
180 * Similar to tty_unthrottle() but will only attempt unthrottle
181 * if tty->flow_change is TTY_UNTHROTTLE_SAFE. Prevents an accidental
182 * unthrottle due to race conditions when unthrottling is conditional
183 * on factors evaluated prior to unthrottling.
185 * Returns 0 if tty is unthrottled (or was already unthrottled)
188 int tty_unthrottle_safe(struct tty_struct *tty)
192 mutex_lock(&tty->throttle_mutex);
193 if (tty_throttled(tty)) {
194 if (tty->flow_change != TTY_UNTHROTTLE_SAFE)
197 clear_bit(TTY_THROTTLED, &tty->flags);
198 if (tty->ops->unthrottle)
199 tty->ops->unthrottle(tty);
202 mutex_unlock(&tty->throttle_mutex);
208 * tty_wait_until_sent - wait for I/O to finish
209 * @tty: tty we are waiting for
210 * @timeout: how long we will wait
212 * Wait for characters pending in a tty driver to hit the wire, or
213 * for a timeout to occur (eg due to flow control)
218 void tty_wait_until_sent(struct tty_struct *tty, long timeout)
220 tty_debug_wait_until_sent(tty, "wait until sent, timeout=%ld\n", timeout);
223 timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
225 timeout = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(tty->write_wait,
226 !tty_chars_in_buffer(tty), timeout);
230 if (timeout == MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT)
233 if (tty->ops->wait_until_sent)
234 tty->ops->wait_until_sent(tty, timeout);
236 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_wait_until_sent);
240 * Termios Helper Methods
243 static void unset_locked_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *old)
245 struct ktermios *termios = &tty->termios;
246 struct ktermios *locked = &tty->termios_locked;
249 #define NOSET_MASK(x, y, z) (x = ((x) & ~(z)) | ((y) & (z)))
251 NOSET_MASK(termios->c_iflag, old->c_iflag, locked->c_iflag);
252 NOSET_MASK(termios->c_oflag, old->c_oflag, locked->c_oflag);
253 NOSET_MASK(termios->c_cflag, old->c_cflag, locked->c_cflag);
254 NOSET_MASK(termios->c_lflag, old->c_lflag, locked->c_lflag);
255 termios->c_line = locked->c_line ? old->c_line : termios->c_line;
256 for (i = 0; i < NCCS; i++)
257 termios->c_cc[i] = locked->c_cc[i] ?
258 old->c_cc[i] : termios->c_cc[i];
259 /* FIXME: What should we do for i/ospeed */
263 * tty_termios_copy_hw - copy hardware settings
267 * Propagate the hardware specific terminal setting bits from
268 * the old termios structure to the new one. This is used in cases
269 * where the hardware does not support reconfiguration or as a helper
270 * in some cases where only minimal reconfiguration is supported
273 void tty_termios_copy_hw(struct ktermios *new, struct ktermios *old)
275 /* The bits a dumb device handles in software. Smart devices need
276 to always provide a set_termios method */
277 new->c_cflag &= HUPCL | CREAD | CLOCAL;
278 new->c_cflag |= old->c_cflag & ~(HUPCL | CREAD | CLOCAL);
279 new->c_ispeed = old->c_ispeed;
280 new->c_ospeed = old->c_ospeed;
282 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_termios_copy_hw);
285 * tty_termios_hw_change - check for setting change
287 * @b: termios to compare
289 * Check if any of the bits that affect a dumb device have changed
290 * between the two termios structures, or a speed change is needed.
293 int tty_termios_hw_change(const struct ktermios *a, const struct ktermios *b)
295 if (a->c_ispeed != b->c_ispeed || a->c_ospeed != b->c_ospeed)
297 if ((a->c_cflag ^ b->c_cflag) & ~(HUPCL | CREAD | CLOCAL))
301 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_termios_hw_change);
304 * tty_set_termios - update termios values
305 * @tty: tty to update
306 * @new_termios: desired new value
308 * Perform updates to the termios values set on this terminal.
309 * A master pty's termios should never be set.
311 * Locking: termios_rwsem
314 int tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *new_termios)
316 struct ktermios old_termios;
317 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
319 WARN_ON(tty->driver->type == TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_PTY &&
320 tty->driver->subtype == PTY_TYPE_MASTER);
322 * Perform the actual termios internal changes under lock.
326 /* FIXME: we need to decide on some locking/ordering semantics
327 for the set_termios notification eventually */
328 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
329 old_termios = tty->termios;
330 tty->termios = *new_termios;
331 unset_locked_termios(tty, &old_termios);
333 if (tty->ops->set_termios)
334 tty->ops->set_termios(tty, &old_termios);
336 tty_termios_copy_hw(&tty->termios, &old_termios);
338 ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
340 if (ld->ops->set_termios)
341 ld->ops->set_termios(tty, &old_termios);
344 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
347 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_set_termios);
350 * set_termios - set termios values for a tty
351 * @tty: terminal device
353 * @opt: option information
355 * Helper function to prepare termios data and run necessary other
356 * functions before using tty_set_termios to do the actual changes.
359 * Called functions take ldisc and termios_rwsem locks
362 static int set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, void __user *arg, int opt)
364 struct ktermios tmp_termios;
365 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
366 int retval = tty_check_change(tty);
371 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
372 tmp_termios = tty->termios;
373 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
375 if (opt & TERMIOS_TERMIO) {
376 if (user_termio_to_kernel_termios(&tmp_termios,
377 (struct termio __user *)arg))
380 } else if (opt & TERMIOS_OLD) {
381 if (user_termios_to_kernel_termios_1(&tmp_termios,
382 (struct termios __user *)arg))
385 if (user_termios_to_kernel_termios(&tmp_termios,
386 (struct termios2 __user *)arg))
390 } else if (user_termios_to_kernel_termios(&tmp_termios,
391 (struct termios __user *)arg))
395 /* If old style Bfoo values are used then load c_ispeed/c_ospeed
396 * with the real speed so its unconditionally usable */
397 tmp_termios.c_ispeed = tty_termios_input_baud_rate(&tmp_termios);
398 tmp_termios.c_ospeed = tty_termios_baud_rate(&tmp_termios);
400 ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
403 if ((opt & TERMIOS_FLUSH) && ld->ops->flush_buffer)
404 ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
408 if (opt & TERMIOS_WAIT) {
409 tty_wait_until_sent(tty, 0);
410 if (signal_pending(current))
414 tty_set_termios(tty, &tmp_termios);
416 /* FIXME: Arguably if tmp_termios == tty->termios AND the
417 actual requested termios was not tmp_termios then we may
418 want to return an error as no user requested change has
423 static void copy_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *kterm)
425 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
426 *kterm = tty->termios;
427 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
430 static void copy_termios_locked(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *kterm)
432 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
433 *kterm = tty->termios_locked;
434 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
437 static int get_termio(struct tty_struct *tty, struct termio __user *termio)
439 struct ktermios kterm;
440 copy_termios(tty, &kterm);
441 if (kernel_termios_to_user_termio(termio, &kterm))
448 * These are deprecated, but there is limited support..
450 * The "sg_flags" translation is a joke..
452 static int get_sgflags(struct tty_struct *tty)
456 if (!L_ICANON(tty)) {
458 flags |= 0x02; /* cbreak */
460 flags |= 0x20; /* raw */
463 flags |= 0x08; /* echo */
466 flags |= 0x10; /* crmod */
470 static int get_sgttyb(struct tty_struct *tty, struct sgttyb __user *sgttyb)
474 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
475 tmp.sg_ispeed = tty->termios.c_ispeed;
476 tmp.sg_ospeed = tty->termios.c_ospeed;
477 tmp.sg_erase = tty->termios.c_cc[VERASE];
478 tmp.sg_kill = tty->termios.c_cc[VKILL];
479 tmp.sg_flags = get_sgflags(tty);
480 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
482 return copy_to_user(sgttyb, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
485 static void set_sgflags(struct ktermios *termios, int flags)
487 termios->c_iflag = ICRNL | IXON;
488 termios->c_oflag = 0;
489 termios->c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON;
490 if (flags & 0x02) { /* cbreak */
491 termios->c_iflag = 0;
492 termios->c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
494 if (flags & 0x08) { /* echo */
495 termios->c_lflag |= ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK |
496 ECHOCTL | ECHOKE | IEXTEN;
498 if (flags & 0x10) { /* crmod */
499 termios->c_oflag |= OPOST | ONLCR;
501 if (flags & 0x20) { /* raw */
502 termios->c_iflag = 0;
503 termios->c_lflag &= ~(ISIG | ICANON);
505 if (!(termios->c_lflag & ICANON)) {
506 termios->c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
507 termios->c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
512 * set_sgttyb - set legacy terminal values
513 * @tty: tty structure
514 * @sgttyb: pointer to old style terminal structure
516 * Updates a terminal from the legacy BSD style terminal information
519 * Locking: termios_rwsem
522 static int set_sgttyb(struct tty_struct *tty, struct sgttyb __user *sgttyb)
526 struct ktermios termios;
528 retval = tty_check_change(tty);
532 if (copy_from_user(&tmp, sgttyb, sizeof(tmp)))
535 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
536 termios = tty->termios;
537 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = tmp.sg_erase;
538 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = tmp.sg_kill;
539 set_sgflags(&termios, tmp.sg_flags);
540 /* Try and encode into Bfoo format */
542 tty_termios_encode_baud_rate(&termios, termios.c_ispeed,
545 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
546 tty_set_termios(tty, &termios);
552 static int get_tchars(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tchars __user *tchars)
556 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
557 tmp.t_intrc = tty->termios.c_cc[VINTR];
558 tmp.t_quitc = tty->termios.c_cc[VQUIT];
559 tmp.t_startc = tty->termios.c_cc[VSTART];
560 tmp.t_stopc = tty->termios.c_cc[VSTOP];
561 tmp.t_eofc = tty->termios.c_cc[VEOF];
562 tmp.t_brkc = tty->termios.c_cc[VEOL2]; /* what is brkc anyway? */
563 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
564 return copy_to_user(tchars, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
567 static int set_tchars(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tchars __user *tchars)
571 if (copy_from_user(&tmp, tchars, sizeof(tmp)))
573 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
574 tty->termios.c_cc[VINTR] = tmp.t_intrc;
575 tty->termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = tmp.t_quitc;
576 tty->termios.c_cc[VSTART] = tmp.t_startc;
577 tty->termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = tmp.t_stopc;
578 tty->termios.c_cc[VEOF] = tmp.t_eofc;
579 tty->termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = tmp.t_brkc; /* what is brkc anyway? */
580 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
586 static int get_ltchars(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ltchars __user *ltchars)
590 down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
591 tmp.t_suspc = tty->termios.c_cc[VSUSP];
592 /* what is dsuspc anyway? */
593 tmp.t_dsuspc = tty->termios.c_cc[VSUSP];
594 tmp.t_rprntc = tty->termios.c_cc[VREPRINT];
595 /* what is flushc anyway? */
596 tmp.t_flushc = tty->termios.c_cc[VEOL2];
597 tmp.t_werasc = tty->termios.c_cc[VWERASE];
598 tmp.t_lnextc = tty->termios.c_cc[VLNEXT];
599 up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
600 return copy_to_user(ltchars, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
603 static int set_ltchars(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ltchars __user *ltchars)
607 if (copy_from_user(&tmp, ltchars, sizeof(tmp)))
610 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
611 tty->termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = tmp.t_suspc;
612 /* what is dsuspc anyway? */
613 tty->termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = tmp.t_dsuspc;
614 tty->termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = tmp.t_rprntc;
615 /* what is flushc anyway? */
616 tty->termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = tmp.t_flushc;
617 tty->termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = tmp.t_werasc;
618 tty->termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = tmp.t_lnextc;
619 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
625 * tty_change_softcar - carrier change ioctl helper
626 * @tty: tty to update
627 * @arg: enable/disable CLOCAL
629 * Perform a change to the CLOCAL state and call into the driver
630 * layer to make it visible. All done with the termios rwsem
633 static int tty_change_softcar(struct tty_struct *tty, int arg)
636 int bit = arg ? CLOCAL : 0;
639 down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
641 tty->termios.c_cflag &= ~CLOCAL;
642 tty->termios.c_cflag |= bit;
643 if (tty->ops->set_termios)
644 tty->ops->set_termios(tty, &old);
645 if (C_CLOCAL(tty) != bit)
647 up_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
652 * tty_mode_ioctl - mode related ioctls
653 * @tty: tty for the ioctl
654 * @file: file pointer for the tty
656 * @arg: ioctl argument
658 * Perform non line discipline specific mode control ioctls. This
659 * is designed to be called by line disciplines to ensure they provide
660 * consistent mode setting.
663 int tty_mode_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
664 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
666 struct tty_struct *real_tty;
667 void __user *p = (void __user *)arg;
669 struct ktermios kterm;
671 BUG_ON(file == NULL);
673 if (tty->driver->type == TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_PTY &&
674 tty->driver->subtype == PTY_TYPE_MASTER)
675 real_tty = tty->link;
682 return get_sgttyb(real_tty, (struct sgttyb __user *) arg);
685 return set_sgttyb(real_tty, (struct sgttyb __user *) arg);
689 return get_tchars(real_tty, p);
691 return set_tchars(real_tty, p);
695 return get_ltchars(real_tty, p);
697 return set_ltchars(real_tty, p);
700 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_FLUSH | TERMIOS_WAIT | TERMIOS_OLD);
702 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_WAIT | TERMIOS_OLD);
704 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_OLD);
707 copy_termios(real_tty, &kterm);
708 if (kernel_termios_to_user_termios((struct termios __user *)arg, &kterm))
713 copy_termios(real_tty, &kterm);
714 if (kernel_termios_to_user_termios_1((struct termios __user *)arg, &kterm))
718 copy_termios(real_tty, &kterm);
719 if (kernel_termios_to_user_termios((struct termios2 __user *)arg, &kterm))
723 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_FLUSH | TERMIOS_WAIT);
725 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_WAIT);
727 return set_termios(real_tty, p, 0);
730 return get_termio(real_tty, p);
732 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_FLUSH | TERMIOS_WAIT | TERMIOS_TERMIO);
734 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_WAIT | TERMIOS_TERMIO);
736 return set_termios(real_tty, p, TERMIOS_TERMIO);
739 copy_termios_locked(real_tty, &kterm);
740 if (kernel_termios_to_user_termios((struct termios __user *)arg, &kterm))
744 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
746 copy_termios_locked(real_tty, &kterm);
747 if (user_termios_to_kernel_termios(&kterm,
748 (struct termios __user *) arg))
750 down_write(&real_tty->termios_rwsem);
751 real_tty->termios_locked = kterm;
752 up_write(&real_tty->termios_rwsem);
756 copy_termios_locked(real_tty, &kterm);
757 if (kernel_termios_to_user_termios_1((struct termios __user *)arg, &kterm))
761 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
763 copy_termios_locked(real_tty, &kterm);
764 if (user_termios_to_kernel_termios_1(&kterm,
765 (struct termios __user *) arg))
767 down_write(&real_tty->termios_rwsem);
768 real_tty->termios_locked = kterm;
769 up_write(&real_tty->termios_rwsem);
780 copy_termios(real_tty, &kterm);
781 ret = put_user((kterm.c_cflag & CLOCAL) ? 1 : 0,
785 if (get_user(arg, (unsigned int __user *) arg))
787 return tty_change_softcar(real_tty, arg);
792 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_mode_ioctl);
795 /* Caller guarantees ldisc reference is held */
796 static int __tty_perform_flush(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned long arg)
798 struct tty_ldisc *ld = tty->ldisc;
802 if (ld && ld->ops->flush_buffer) {
803 ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
808 if (ld && ld->ops->flush_buffer) {
809 ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
814 tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
822 int tty_perform_flush(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned long arg)
824 struct tty_ldisc *ld;
825 int retval = tty_check_change(tty);
829 ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
830 retval = __tty_perform_flush(tty, arg);
835 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_perform_flush);
837 int n_tty_ioctl_helper(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
838 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
844 retval = tty_check_change(tty);
849 spin_lock_irq(&tty->flow_lock);
850 if (!tty->flow_stopped) {
851 tty->flow_stopped = 1;
854 spin_unlock_irq(&tty->flow_lock);
857 spin_lock_irq(&tty->flow_lock);
858 if (tty->flow_stopped) {
859 tty->flow_stopped = 0;
862 spin_unlock_irq(&tty->flow_lock);
865 if (STOP_CHAR(tty) != __DISABLED_CHAR)
866 retval = tty_send_xchar(tty, STOP_CHAR(tty));
869 if (START_CHAR(tty) != __DISABLED_CHAR)
870 retval = tty_send_xchar(tty, START_CHAR(tty));
877 retval = tty_check_change(tty);
880 return __tty_perform_flush(tty, arg);
882 /* Try the mode commands */
883 return tty_mode_ioctl(tty, file, cmd, arg);
886 EXPORT_SYMBOL(n_tty_ioctl_helper);