1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Driver for PCA9685 16-channel 12-bit PWM LED controller
5 * Copyright (C) 2013 Steffen Trumtrar <s.trumtrar@pengutronix.de>
6 * Copyright (C) 2015 Clemens Gruber <clemens.gruber@pqgruber.com>
8 * based on the pwm-twl-led.c driver
11 #include <linux/acpi.h>
12 #include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
13 #include <linux/i2c.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/mutex.h>
16 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
17 #include <linux/property.h>
18 #include <linux/pwm.h>
19 #include <linux/regmap.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/delay.h>
22 #include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
23 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
26 * Because the PCA9685 has only one prescaler per chip, only the first channel
27 * that is enabled is allowed to change the prescale register.
28 * PWM channels requested afterwards must use a period that results in the same
29 * prescale setting as the one set by the first requested channel.
30 * GPIOs do not count as enabled PWMs as they are not using the prescaler.
33 #define PCA9685_MODE1 0x00
34 #define PCA9685_MODE2 0x01
35 #define PCA9685_SUBADDR1 0x02
36 #define PCA9685_SUBADDR2 0x03
37 #define PCA9685_SUBADDR3 0x04
38 #define PCA9685_ALLCALLADDR 0x05
39 #define PCA9685_LEDX_ON_L 0x06
40 #define PCA9685_LEDX_ON_H 0x07
41 #define PCA9685_LEDX_OFF_L 0x08
42 #define PCA9685_LEDX_OFF_H 0x09
44 #define PCA9685_ALL_LED_ON_L 0xFA
45 #define PCA9685_ALL_LED_ON_H 0xFB
46 #define PCA9685_ALL_LED_OFF_L 0xFC
47 #define PCA9685_ALL_LED_OFF_H 0xFD
48 #define PCA9685_PRESCALE 0xFE
50 #define PCA9685_PRESCALE_MIN 0x03 /* => max. frequency of 1526 Hz */
51 #define PCA9685_PRESCALE_MAX 0xFF /* => min. frequency of 24 Hz */
53 #define PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE 4096
54 #define PCA9685_OSC_CLOCK_MHZ 25 /* Internal oscillator with 25 MHz */
56 #define PCA9685_NUMREGS 0xFF
57 #define PCA9685_MAXCHAN 0x10
59 #define LED_FULL BIT(4)
60 #define MODE1_ALLCALL BIT(0)
61 #define MODE1_SUB3 BIT(1)
62 #define MODE1_SUB2 BIT(2)
63 #define MODE1_SUB1 BIT(3)
64 #define MODE1_SLEEP BIT(4)
65 #define MODE2_INVRT BIT(4)
66 #define MODE2_OUTDRV BIT(2)
68 #define LED_N_ON_H(N) (PCA9685_LEDX_ON_H + (4 * (N)))
69 #define LED_N_ON_L(N) (PCA9685_LEDX_ON_L + (4 * (N)))
70 #define LED_N_OFF_H(N) (PCA9685_LEDX_OFF_H + (4 * (N)))
71 #define LED_N_OFF_L(N) (PCA9685_LEDX_OFF_L + (4 * (N)))
73 #define REG_ON_H(C) ((C) >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN ? PCA9685_ALL_LED_ON_H : LED_N_ON_H((C)))
74 #define REG_ON_L(C) ((C) >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN ? PCA9685_ALL_LED_ON_L : LED_N_ON_L((C)))
75 #define REG_OFF_H(C) ((C) >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN ? PCA9685_ALL_LED_OFF_H : LED_N_OFF_H((C)))
76 #define REG_OFF_L(C) ((C) >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN ? PCA9685_ALL_LED_OFF_L : LED_N_OFF_L((C)))
80 struct regmap *regmap;
82 DECLARE_BITMAP(pwms_enabled, PCA9685_MAXCHAN + 1);
83 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GPIOLIB)
84 struct gpio_chip gpio;
85 DECLARE_BITMAP(pwms_inuse, PCA9685_MAXCHAN + 1);
89 static inline struct pca9685 *to_pca(struct pwm_chip *chip)
91 return container_of(chip, struct pca9685, chip);
94 /* This function is supposed to be called with the lock mutex held */
95 static bool pca9685_prescaler_can_change(struct pca9685 *pca, int channel)
97 /* No PWM enabled: Change allowed */
98 if (bitmap_empty(pca->pwms_enabled, PCA9685_MAXCHAN + 1))
100 /* More than one PWM enabled: Change not allowed */
101 if (bitmap_weight(pca->pwms_enabled, PCA9685_MAXCHAN + 1) > 1)
104 * Only one PWM enabled: Change allowed if the PWM about to
105 * be changed is the one that is already enabled
107 return test_bit(channel, pca->pwms_enabled);
110 static int pca9685_read_reg(struct pca9685 *pca, unsigned int reg, unsigned int *val)
112 struct device *dev = pca->chip.dev;
115 err = regmap_read(pca->regmap, reg, val);
117 dev_err(dev, "regmap_read of register 0x%x failed: %pe\n", reg, ERR_PTR(err));
122 static int pca9685_write_reg(struct pca9685 *pca, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val)
124 struct device *dev = pca->chip.dev;
127 err = regmap_write(pca->regmap, reg, val);
129 dev_err(dev, "regmap_write to register 0x%x failed: %pe\n", reg, ERR_PTR(err));
134 /* Helper function to set the duty cycle ratio to duty/4096 (e.g. duty=2048 -> 50%) */
135 static void pca9685_pwm_set_duty(struct pca9685 *pca, int channel, unsigned int duty)
137 struct pwm_device *pwm = &pca->chip.pwms[channel];
138 unsigned int on, off;
141 /* Set the full OFF bit, which has the highest precedence */
142 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_OFF_H(channel), LED_FULL);
144 } else if (duty >= PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE) {
145 /* Set the full ON bit and clear the full OFF bit */
146 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_ON_H(channel), LED_FULL);
147 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_OFF_H(channel), 0);
152 if (pwm->state.usage_power && channel < PCA9685_MAXCHAN) {
154 * If usage_power is set, the pca9685 driver will phase shift
155 * the individual channels relative to their channel number.
156 * This improves EMI because the enabled channels no longer
157 * turn on at the same time, while still maintaining the
158 * configured duty cycle / power output.
160 on = channel * PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE / PCA9685_MAXCHAN;
164 off = (on + duty) % PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE;
166 /* Set ON time (clears full ON bit) */
167 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_ON_L(channel), on & 0xff);
168 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_ON_H(channel), (on >> 8) & 0xf);
169 /* Set OFF time (clears full OFF bit) */
170 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_OFF_L(channel), off & 0xff);
171 pca9685_write_reg(pca, REG_OFF_H(channel), (off >> 8) & 0xf);
174 static unsigned int pca9685_pwm_get_duty(struct pca9685 *pca, int channel)
176 struct pwm_device *pwm = &pca->chip.pwms[channel];
177 unsigned int off = 0, on = 0, val = 0;
179 if (WARN_ON(channel >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN)) {
180 /* HW does not support reading state of "all LEDs" channel */
184 pca9685_read_reg(pca, LED_N_OFF_H(channel), &off);
185 if (off & LED_FULL) {
186 /* Full OFF bit is set */
190 pca9685_read_reg(pca, LED_N_ON_H(channel), &on);
192 /* Full ON bit is set */
193 return PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE;
196 pca9685_read_reg(pca, LED_N_OFF_L(channel), &val);
197 off = ((off & 0xf) << 8) | (val & 0xff);
198 if (!pwm->state.usage_power)
201 /* Read ON register to calculate duty cycle of staggered output */
202 if (pca9685_read_reg(pca, LED_N_ON_L(channel), &val)) {
203 /* Reset val to 0 in case reading LED_N_ON_L failed */
206 on = ((on & 0xf) << 8) | (val & 0xff);
207 return (off - on) & (PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE - 1);
210 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GPIOLIB)
211 static bool pca9685_pwm_test_and_set_inuse(struct pca9685 *pca, int pwm_idx)
215 mutex_lock(&pca->lock);
216 if (pwm_idx >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN) {
218 * "All LEDs" channel:
219 * pretend already in use if any of the PWMs are requested
221 if (!bitmap_empty(pca->pwms_inuse, PCA9685_MAXCHAN)) {
228 * pretend already in use if the "all LEDs" channel is requested
230 if (test_bit(PCA9685_MAXCHAN, pca->pwms_inuse)) {
235 is_inuse = test_and_set_bit(pwm_idx, pca->pwms_inuse);
237 mutex_unlock(&pca->lock);
241 static void pca9685_pwm_clear_inuse(struct pca9685 *pca, int pwm_idx)
243 mutex_lock(&pca->lock);
244 clear_bit(pwm_idx, pca->pwms_inuse);
245 mutex_unlock(&pca->lock);
248 static int pca9685_pwm_gpio_request(struct gpio_chip *gpio, unsigned int offset)
250 struct pca9685 *pca = gpiochip_get_data(gpio);
252 if (pca9685_pwm_test_and_set_inuse(pca, offset))
254 pm_runtime_get_sync(pca->chip.dev);
258 static int pca9685_pwm_gpio_get(struct gpio_chip *gpio, unsigned int offset)
260 struct pca9685 *pca = gpiochip_get_data(gpio);
262 return pca9685_pwm_get_duty(pca, offset) != 0;
265 static void pca9685_pwm_gpio_set(struct gpio_chip *gpio, unsigned int offset,
268 struct pca9685 *pca = gpiochip_get_data(gpio);
270 pca9685_pwm_set_duty(pca, offset, value ? PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE : 0);
273 static void pca9685_pwm_gpio_free(struct gpio_chip *gpio, unsigned int offset)
275 struct pca9685 *pca = gpiochip_get_data(gpio);
277 pca9685_pwm_set_duty(pca, offset, 0);
278 pm_runtime_put(pca->chip.dev);
279 pca9685_pwm_clear_inuse(pca, offset);
282 static int pca9685_pwm_gpio_get_direction(struct gpio_chip *chip,
286 return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_OUT;
289 static int pca9685_pwm_gpio_direction_input(struct gpio_chip *gpio,
295 static int pca9685_pwm_gpio_direction_output(struct gpio_chip *gpio,
296 unsigned int offset, int value)
298 pca9685_pwm_gpio_set(gpio, offset, value);
304 * The PCA9685 has a bit for turning the PWM output full off or on. Some
305 * boards like Intel Galileo actually uses these as normal GPIOs so we
306 * expose a GPIO chip here which can exclusively take over the underlying
309 static int pca9685_pwm_gpio_probe(struct pca9685 *pca)
311 struct device *dev = pca->chip.dev;
313 pca->gpio.label = dev_name(dev);
314 pca->gpio.parent = dev;
315 pca->gpio.request = pca9685_pwm_gpio_request;
316 pca->gpio.free = pca9685_pwm_gpio_free;
317 pca->gpio.get_direction = pca9685_pwm_gpio_get_direction;
318 pca->gpio.direction_input = pca9685_pwm_gpio_direction_input;
319 pca->gpio.direction_output = pca9685_pwm_gpio_direction_output;
320 pca->gpio.get = pca9685_pwm_gpio_get;
321 pca->gpio.set = pca9685_pwm_gpio_set;
323 pca->gpio.ngpio = PCA9685_MAXCHAN;
324 pca->gpio.can_sleep = true;
326 return devm_gpiochip_add_data(dev, &pca->gpio, pca);
329 static inline bool pca9685_pwm_test_and_set_inuse(struct pca9685 *pca,
336 pca9685_pwm_clear_inuse(struct pca9685 *pca, int pwm_idx)
340 static inline int pca9685_pwm_gpio_probe(struct pca9685 *pca)
346 static void pca9685_set_sleep_mode(struct pca9685 *pca, bool enable)
348 struct device *dev = pca->chip.dev;
349 int err = regmap_update_bits(pca->regmap, PCA9685_MODE1,
350 MODE1_SLEEP, enable ? MODE1_SLEEP : 0);
352 dev_err(dev, "regmap_update_bits of register 0x%x failed: %pe\n",
353 PCA9685_MODE1, ERR_PTR(err));
358 /* Wait 500us for the oscillator to be back up */
363 static int __pca9685_pwm_apply(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm,
364 const struct pwm_state *state)
366 struct pca9685 *pca = to_pca(chip);
367 unsigned long long duty, prescale;
368 unsigned int val = 0;
370 if (state->polarity != PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL)
373 prescale = DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST_ULL(PCA9685_OSC_CLOCK_MHZ * state->period,
374 PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE * 1000) - 1;
375 if (prescale < PCA9685_PRESCALE_MIN || prescale > PCA9685_PRESCALE_MAX) {
376 dev_err(chip->dev, "pwm not changed: period out of bounds!\n");
380 if (!state->enabled) {
381 pca9685_pwm_set_duty(pca, pwm->hwpwm, 0);
385 pca9685_read_reg(pca, PCA9685_PRESCALE, &val);
386 if (prescale != val) {
387 if (!pca9685_prescaler_can_change(pca, pwm->hwpwm)) {
389 "pwm not changed: periods of enabled pwms must match!\n");
394 * Putting the chip briefly into SLEEP mode
395 * at this point won't interfere with the
396 * pm_runtime framework, because the pm_runtime
397 * state is guaranteed active here.
399 /* Put chip into sleep mode */
400 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, true);
402 /* Change the chip-wide output frequency */
403 pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_PRESCALE, prescale);
405 /* Wake the chip up */
406 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, false);
409 duty = PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE * state->duty_cycle;
410 duty = DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL(duty, state->period);
411 pca9685_pwm_set_duty(pca, pwm->hwpwm, duty);
415 static int pca9685_pwm_apply(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm,
416 const struct pwm_state *state)
418 struct pca9685 *pca = to_pca(chip);
421 mutex_lock(&pca->lock);
422 ret = __pca9685_pwm_apply(chip, pwm, state);
425 set_bit(pwm->hwpwm, pca->pwms_enabled);
427 clear_bit(pwm->hwpwm, pca->pwms_enabled);
429 mutex_unlock(&pca->lock);
434 static void pca9685_pwm_get_state(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm,
435 struct pwm_state *state)
437 struct pca9685 *pca = to_pca(chip);
438 unsigned long long duty;
439 unsigned int val = 0;
441 /* Calculate (chip-wide) period from prescale value */
442 pca9685_read_reg(pca, PCA9685_PRESCALE, &val);
444 * PCA9685_OSC_CLOCK_MHZ is 25, i.e. an integer divider of 1000.
445 * The following calculation is therefore only a multiplication
446 * and we are not losing precision.
448 state->period = (PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE * 1000 / PCA9685_OSC_CLOCK_MHZ) *
451 /* The (per-channel) polarity is fixed */
452 state->polarity = PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL;
454 if (pwm->hwpwm >= PCA9685_MAXCHAN) {
456 * The "all LEDs" channel does not support HW readout
457 * Return 0 and disabled for backwards compatibility
459 state->duty_cycle = 0;
460 state->enabled = false;
464 state->enabled = true;
465 duty = pca9685_pwm_get_duty(pca, pwm->hwpwm);
466 state->duty_cycle = DIV_ROUND_DOWN_ULL(duty * state->period, PCA9685_COUNTER_RANGE);
469 static int pca9685_pwm_request(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm)
471 struct pca9685 *pca = to_pca(chip);
473 if (pca9685_pwm_test_and_set_inuse(pca, pwm->hwpwm))
476 if (pwm->hwpwm < PCA9685_MAXCHAN) {
477 /* PWMs - except the "all LEDs" channel - default to enabled */
478 mutex_lock(&pca->lock);
479 set_bit(pwm->hwpwm, pca->pwms_enabled);
480 mutex_unlock(&pca->lock);
483 pm_runtime_get_sync(chip->dev);
488 static void pca9685_pwm_free(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm)
490 struct pca9685 *pca = to_pca(chip);
492 mutex_lock(&pca->lock);
493 pca9685_pwm_set_duty(pca, pwm->hwpwm, 0);
494 clear_bit(pwm->hwpwm, pca->pwms_enabled);
495 mutex_unlock(&pca->lock);
497 pm_runtime_put(chip->dev);
498 pca9685_pwm_clear_inuse(pca, pwm->hwpwm);
501 static const struct pwm_ops pca9685_pwm_ops = {
502 .apply = pca9685_pwm_apply,
503 .get_state = pca9685_pwm_get_state,
504 .request = pca9685_pwm_request,
505 .free = pca9685_pwm_free,
506 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
509 static const struct regmap_config pca9685_regmap_i2c_config = {
512 .max_register = PCA9685_NUMREGS,
513 .cache_type = REGCACHE_NONE,
516 static int pca9685_pwm_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
517 const struct i2c_device_id *id)
523 pca = devm_kzalloc(&client->dev, sizeof(*pca), GFP_KERNEL);
527 pca->regmap = devm_regmap_init_i2c(client, &pca9685_regmap_i2c_config);
528 if (IS_ERR(pca->regmap)) {
529 ret = PTR_ERR(pca->regmap);
530 dev_err(&client->dev, "Failed to initialize register map: %d\n",
535 i2c_set_clientdata(client, pca);
537 mutex_init(&pca->lock);
539 ret = pca9685_read_reg(pca, PCA9685_MODE2, ®);
543 if (device_property_read_bool(&client->dev, "invert"))
548 if (device_property_read_bool(&client->dev, "open-drain"))
549 reg &= ~MODE2_OUTDRV;
553 ret = pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_MODE2, reg);
557 /* Disable all LED ALLCALL and SUBx addresses to avoid bus collisions */
558 pca9685_read_reg(pca, PCA9685_MODE1, ®);
559 reg &= ~(MODE1_ALLCALL | MODE1_SUB1 | MODE1_SUB2 | MODE1_SUB3);
560 pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_MODE1, reg);
562 /* Reset OFF/ON registers to POR default */
563 pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_ALL_LED_OFF_L, 0);
564 pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_ALL_LED_OFF_H, LED_FULL);
565 pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_ALL_LED_ON_L, 0);
566 pca9685_write_reg(pca, PCA9685_ALL_LED_ON_H, LED_FULL);
568 pca->chip.ops = &pca9685_pwm_ops;
569 /* Add an extra channel for ALL_LED */
570 pca->chip.npwm = PCA9685_MAXCHAN + 1;
572 pca->chip.dev = &client->dev;
574 ret = pwmchip_add(&pca->chip);
578 ret = pca9685_pwm_gpio_probe(pca);
580 pwmchip_remove(&pca->chip);
584 pm_runtime_enable(&client->dev);
586 if (pm_runtime_enabled(&client->dev)) {
588 * Although the chip comes out of power-up in the sleep state,
589 * we force it to sleep in case it was woken up before
591 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, true);
592 pm_runtime_set_suspended(&client->dev);
594 /* Wake the chip up if runtime PM is disabled */
595 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, false);
601 static int pca9685_pwm_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
603 struct pca9685 *pca = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
605 pwmchip_remove(&pca->chip);
607 if (!pm_runtime_enabled(&client->dev)) {
608 /* Put chip in sleep state if runtime PM is disabled */
609 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, true);
612 pm_runtime_disable(&client->dev);
617 static int __maybe_unused pca9685_pwm_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev)
619 struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
620 struct pca9685 *pca = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
622 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, true);
626 static int __maybe_unused pca9685_pwm_runtime_resume(struct device *dev)
628 struct i2c_client *client = to_i2c_client(dev);
629 struct pca9685 *pca = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
631 pca9685_set_sleep_mode(pca, false);
635 static const struct i2c_device_id pca9685_id[] = {
639 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, pca9685_id);
642 static const struct acpi_device_id pca9685_acpi_ids[] = {
646 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, pca9685_acpi_ids);
650 static const struct of_device_id pca9685_dt_ids[] = {
651 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9685-pwm", },
654 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, pca9685_dt_ids);
657 static const struct dev_pm_ops pca9685_pwm_pm = {
658 SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS(pca9685_pwm_runtime_suspend,
659 pca9685_pwm_runtime_resume, NULL)
662 static struct i2c_driver pca9685_i2c_driver = {
664 .name = "pca9685-pwm",
665 .acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(pca9685_acpi_ids),
666 .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(pca9685_dt_ids),
667 .pm = &pca9685_pwm_pm,
669 .probe = pca9685_pwm_probe,
670 .remove = pca9685_pwm_remove,
671 .id_table = pca9685_id,
674 module_i2c_driver(pca9685_i2c_driver);
676 MODULE_AUTHOR("Steffen Trumtrar <s.trumtrar@pengutronix.de>");
677 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("PWM driver for PCA9685");
678 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");