2 * Intel Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) Driver
3 * Copyright (c) 2013, Intel Corporation.
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
7 * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15 * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
18 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/module.h>
22 #include <linux/list.h>
23 #include <linux/types.h>
24 #include <linux/device.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/log2.h>
27 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
28 #include <linux/delay.h>
29 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
30 #include <linux/cpu.h>
31 #include <linux/powercap.h>
32 #include <asm/iosf_mbi.h>
34 #include <asm/processor.h>
35 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
36 #include <asm/intel-family.h>
39 #define MSR_PLATFORM_POWER_LIMIT 0x0000065C
41 /* bitmasks for RAPL MSRs, used by primitive access functions */
42 #define ENERGY_STATUS_MASK 0xffffffff
44 #define POWER_LIMIT1_MASK 0x7FFF
45 #define POWER_LIMIT1_ENABLE BIT(15)
46 #define POWER_LIMIT1_CLAMP BIT(16)
48 #define POWER_LIMIT2_MASK (0x7FFFULL<<32)
49 #define POWER_LIMIT2_ENABLE BIT_ULL(47)
50 #define POWER_LIMIT2_CLAMP BIT_ULL(48)
51 #define POWER_PACKAGE_LOCK BIT_ULL(63)
52 #define POWER_PP_LOCK BIT(31)
54 #define TIME_WINDOW1_MASK (0x7FULL<<17)
55 #define TIME_WINDOW2_MASK (0x7FULL<<49)
57 #define POWER_UNIT_OFFSET 0
58 #define POWER_UNIT_MASK 0x0F
60 #define ENERGY_UNIT_OFFSET 0x08
61 #define ENERGY_UNIT_MASK 0x1F00
63 #define TIME_UNIT_OFFSET 0x10
64 #define TIME_UNIT_MASK 0xF0000
66 #define POWER_INFO_MAX_MASK (0x7fffULL<<32)
67 #define POWER_INFO_MIN_MASK (0x7fffULL<<16)
68 #define POWER_INFO_MAX_TIME_WIN_MASK (0x3fULL<<48)
69 #define POWER_INFO_THERMAL_SPEC_MASK 0x7fff
71 #define PERF_STATUS_THROTTLE_TIME_MASK 0xffffffff
72 #define PP_POLICY_MASK 0x1F
74 /* Non HW constants */
75 #define RAPL_PRIMITIVE_DERIVED BIT(1) /* not from raw data */
76 #define RAPL_PRIMITIVE_DUMMY BIT(2)
78 #define TIME_WINDOW_MAX_MSEC 40000
79 #define TIME_WINDOW_MIN_MSEC 250
80 #define ENERGY_UNIT_SCALE 1000 /* scale from driver unit to powercap unit */
82 ARBITRARY_UNIT, /* no translation */
88 enum rapl_domain_type {
89 RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE, /* entire package/socket */
90 RAPL_DOMAIN_PP0, /* core power plane */
91 RAPL_DOMAIN_PP1, /* graphics uncore */
92 RAPL_DOMAIN_DRAM,/* DRAM control_type */
93 RAPL_DOMAIN_PLATFORM, /* PSys control_type */
97 enum rapl_domain_msr_id {
98 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT,
99 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_STATUS,
100 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_PERF,
101 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_POLICY,
102 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_INFO,
106 /* per domain data, some are optional */
107 enum rapl_primitives {
113 PL1_ENABLE, /* power limit 1, aka long term */
114 PL1_CLAMP, /* allow frequency to go below OS request */
115 PL2_ENABLE, /* power limit 2, aka short term, instantaneous */
118 TIME_WINDOW1, /* long term */
119 TIME_WINDOW2, /* short term */
128 /* below are not raw primitive data */
133 #define NR_RAW_PRIMITIVES (NR_RAPL_PRIMITIVES - 2)
135 /* Can be expanded to include events, etc.*/
136 struct rapl_domain_data {
137 u64 primitives[NR_RAPL_PRIMITIVES];
138 unsigned long timestamp;
148 #define DOMAIN_STATE_INACTIVE BIT(0)
149 #define DOMAIN_STATE_POWER_LIMIT_SET BIT(1)
150 #define DOMAIN_STATE_BIOS_LOCKED BIT(2)
152 #define NR_POWER_LIMITS (2)
153 struct rapl_power_limit {
154 struct powercap_zone_constraint *constraint;
155 int prim_id; /* primitive ID used to enable */
156 struct rapl_domain *domain;
160 static const char pl1_name[] = "long_term";
161 static const char pl2_name[] = "short_term";
166 enum rapl_domain_type id;
167 int msrs[RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_MAX];
168 struct powercap_zone power_zone;
169 struct rapl_domain_data rdd;
170 struct rapl_power_limit rpl[NR_POWER_LIMITS];
171 u64 attr_map; /* track capabilities */
173 unsigned int domain_energy_unit;
174 struct rapl_package *rp;
176 #define power_zone_to_rapl_domain(_zone) \
177 container_of(_zone, struct rapl_domain, power_zone)
180 /* Each physical package contains multiple domains, these are the common
181 * data across RAPL domains within a package.
183 struct rapl_package {
184 unsigned int id; /* physical package/socket id */
185 unsigned int nr_domains;
186 unsigned long domain_map; /* bit map of active domains */
187 unsigned int power_unit;
188 unsigned int energy_unit;
189 unsigned int time_unit;
190 struct rapl_domain *domains; /* array of domains, sized at runtime */
191 struct powercap_zone *power_zone; /* keep track of parent zone */
192 unsigned long power_limit_irq; /* keep track of package power limit
193 * notify interrupt enable status.
195 struct list_head plist;
196 int lead_cpu; /* one active cpu per package for access */
197 /* Track active cpus */
198 struct cpumask cpumask;
201 struct rapl_defaults {
202 u8 floor_freq_reg_addr;
203 int (*check_unit)(struct rapl_package *rp, int cpu);
204 void (*set_floor_freq)(struct rapl_domain *rd, bool mode);
205 u64 (*compute_time_window)(struct rapl_package *rp, u64 val,
207 unsigned int dram_domain_energy_unit;
209 static struct rapl_defaults *rapl_defaults;
211 /* Sideband MBI registers */
212 #define IOSF_CPU_POWER_BUDGET_CTL_BYT (0x2)
213 #define IOSF_CPU_POWER_BUDGET_CTL_TNG (0xdf)
215 #define PACKAGE_PLN_INT_SAVED BIT(0)
216 #define MAX_PRIM_NAME (32)
218 /* per domain data. used to describe individual knobs such that access function
219 * can be consolidated into one instead of many inline functions.
221 struct rapl_primitive_info {
225 enum rapl_domain_msr_id id;
230 #define PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(p, m, s, i, u, f) { \
239 static void rapl_init_domains(struct rapl_package *rp);
240 static int rapl_read_data_raw(struct rapl_domain *rd,
241 enum rapl_primitives prim,
242 bool xlate, u64 *data);
243 static int rapl_write_data_raw(struct rapl_domain *rd,
244 enum rapl_primitives prim,
245 unsigned long long value);
246 static u64 rapl_unit_xlate(struct rapl_domain *rd,
247 enum unit_type type, u64 value,
249 static void package_power_limit_irq_save(struct rapl_package *rp);
251 static LIST_HEAD(rapl_packages); /* guarded by CPU hotplug lock */
253 static const char * const rapl_domain_names[] = {
261 static struct powercap_control_type *control_type; /* PowerCap Controller */
262 static struct rapl_domain *platform_rapl_domain; /* Platform (PSys) domain */
264 /* caller to ensure CPU hotplug lock is held */
265 static struct rapl_package *find_package_by_id(int id)
267 struct rapl_package *rp;
269 list_for_each_entry(rp, &rapl_packages, plist) {
277 static int get_energy_counter(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, u64 *energy_raw)
279 struct rapl_domain *rd;
282 /* prevent CPU hotplug, make sure the RAPL domain does not go
283 * away while reading the counter.
286 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
288 if (!rapl_read_data_raw(rd, ENERGY_COUNTER, true, &energy_now)) {
289 *energy_raw = energy_now;
299 static int get_max_energy_counter(struct powercap_zone *pcd_dev, u64 *energy)
301 struct rapl_domain *rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(pcd_dev);
303 *energy = rapl_unit_xlate(rd, ENERGY_UNIT, ENERGY_STATUS_MASK, 0);
307 static int release_zone(struct powercap_zone *power_zone)
309 struct rapl_domain *rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
310 struct rapl_package *rp = rd->rp;
312 /* package zone is the last zone of a package, we can free
313 * memory here since all children has been unregistered.
315 if (rd->id == RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE) {
324 static int find_nr_power_limit(struct rapl_domain *rd)
328 for (i = 0; i < NR_POWER_LIMITS; i++) {
336 static int set_domain_enable(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, bool mode)
338 struct rapl_domain *rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
340 if (rd->state & DOMAIN_STATE_BIOS_LOCKED)
344 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL1_ENABLE, mode);
345 if (rapl_defaults->set_floor_freq)
346 rapl_defaults->set_floor_freq(rd, mode);
352 static int get_domain_enable(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, bool *mode)
354 struct rapl_domain *rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
357 if (rd->state & DOMAIN_STATE_BIOS_LOCKED) {
362 if (rapl_read_data_raw(rd, PL1_ENABLE, true, &val)) {
372 /* per RAPL domain ops, in the order of rapl_domain_type */
373 static const struct powercap_zone_ops zone_ops[] = {
374 /* RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE */
376 .get_energy_uj = get_energy_counter,
377 .get_max_energy_range_uj = get_max_energy_counter,
378 .release = release_zone,
379 .set_enable = set_domain_enable,
380 .get_enable = get_domain_enable,
382 /* RAPL_DOMAIN_PP0 */
384 .get_energy_uj = get_energy_counter,
385 .get_max_energy_range_uj = get_max_energy_counter,
386 .release = release_zone,
387 .set_enable = set_domain_enable,
388 .get_enable = get_domain_enable,
390 /* RAPL_DOMAIN_PP1 */
392 .get_energy_uj = get_energy_counter,
393 .get_max_energy_range_uj = get_max_energy_counter,
394 .release = release_zone,
395 .set_enable = set_domain_enable,
396 .get_enable = get_domain_enable,
398 /* RAPL_DOMAIN_DRAM */
400 .get_energy_uj = get_energy_counter,
401 .get_max_energy_range_uj = get_max_energy_counter,
402 .release = release_zone,
403 .set_enable = set_domain_enable,
404 .get_enable = get_domain_enable,
406 /* RAPL_DOMAIN_PLATFORM */
408 .get_energy_uj = get_energy_counter,
409 .get_max_energy_range_uj = get_max_energy_counter,
410 .release = release_zone,
411 .set_enable = set_domain_enable,
412 .get_enable = get_domain_enable,
418 * Constraint index used by powercap can be different than power limit (PL)
419 * index in that some PLs maybe missing due to non-existant MSRs. So we
420 * need to convert here by finding the valid PLs only (name populated).
422 static int contraint_to_pl(struct rapl_domain *rd, int cid)
426 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < NR_POWER_LIMITS; i++) {
427 if ((rd->rpl[i].name) && j++ == cid) {
428 pr_debug("%s: index %d\n", __func__, i);
432 pr_err("Cannot find matching power limit for constraint %d\n", cid);
437 static int set_power_limit(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, int cid,
440 struct rapl_domain *rd;
441 struct rapl_package *rp;
446 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
447 id = contraint_to_pl(rd, cid);
455 if (rd->state & DOMAIN_STATE_BIOS_LOCKED) {
456 dev_warn(&power_zone->dev, "%s locked by BIOS, monitoring only\n",
462 switch (rd->rpl[id].prim_id) {
464 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, POWER_LIMIT1, power_limit);
467 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, POWER_LIMIT2, power_limit);
473 package_power_limit_irq_save(rp);
479 static int get_current_power_limit(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, int cid,
482 struct rapl_domain *rd;
489 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
490 id = contraint_to_pl(rd, cid);
496 switch (rd->rpl[id].prim_id) {
507 if (rapl_read_data_raw(rd, prim, true, &val))
518 static int set_time_window(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, int cid,
521 struct rapl_domain *rd;
526 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
527 id = contraint_to_pl(rd, cid);
533 switch (rd->rpl[id].prim_id) {
535 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, TIME_WINDOW1, window);
538 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, TIME_WINDOW2, window);
549 static int get_time_window(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, int cid, u64 *data)
551 struct rapl_domain *rd;
557 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
558 id = contraint_to_pl(rd, cid);
564 switch (rd->rpl[id].prim_id) {
566 ret = rapl_read_data_raw(rd, TIME_WINDOW1, true, &val);
569 ret = rapl_read_data_raw(rd, TIME_WINDOW2, true, &val);
584 static const char *get_constraint_name(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, int cid)
586 struct rapl_domain *rd;
589 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
590 id = contraint_to_pl(rd, cid);
592 return rd->rpl[id].name;
598 static int get_max_power(struct powercap_zone *power_zone, int id,
601 struct rapl_domain *rd;
607 rd = power_zone_to_rapl_domain(power_zone);
608 switch (rd->rpl[id].prim_id) {
610 prim = THERMAL_SPEC_POWER;
619 if (rapl_read_data_raw(rd, prim, true, &val))
629 static const struct powercap_zone_constraint_ops constraint_ops = {
630 .set_power_limit_uw = set_power_limit,
631 .get_power_limit_uw = get_current_power_limit,
632 .set_time_window_us = set_time_window,
633 .get_time_window_us = get_time_window,
634 .get_max_power_uw = get_max_power,
635 .get_name = get_constraint_name,
638 /* called after domain detection and package level data are set */
639 static void rapl_init_domains(struct rapl_package *rp)
642 struct rapl_domain *rd = rp->domains;
644 for (i = 0; i < RAPL_DOMAIN_MAX; i++) {
645 unsigned int mask = rp->domain_map & (1 << i);
647 case BIT(RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE):
648 rd->name = rapl_domain_names[RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE];
649 rd->id = RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE;
650 rd->msrs[0] = MSR_PKG_POWER_LIMIT;
651 rd->msrs[1] = MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS;
652 rd->msrs[2] = MSR_PKG_PERF_STATUS;
654 rd->msrs[4] = MSR_PKG_POWER_INFO;
655 rd->rpl[0].prim_id = PL1_ENABLE;
656 rd->rpl[0].name = pl1_name;
657 rd->rpl[1].prim_id = PL2_ENABLE;
658 rd->rpl[1].name = pl2_name;
660 case BIT(RAPL_DOMAIN_PP0):
661 rd->name = rapl_domain_names[RAPL_DOMAIN_PP0];
662 rd->id = RAPL_DOMAIN_PP0;
663 rd->msrs[0] = MSR_PP0_POWER_LIMIT;
664 rd->msrs[1] = MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS;
666 rd->msrs[3] = MSR_PP0_POLICY;
668 rd->rpl[0].prim_id = PL1_ENABLE;
669 rd->rpl[0].name = pl1_name;
671 case BIT(RAPL_DOMAIN_PP1):
672 rd->name = rapl_domain_names[RAPL_DOMAIN_PP1];
673 rd->id = RAPL_DOMAIN_PP1;
674 rd->msrs[0] = MSR_PP1_POWER_LIMIT;
675 rd->msrs[1] = MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS;
677 rd->msrs[3] = MSR_PP1_POLICY;
679 rd->rpl[0].prim_id = PL1_ENABLE;
680 rd->rpl[0].name = pl1_name;
682 case BIT(RAPL_DOMAIN_DRAM):
683 rd->name = rapl_domain_names[RAPL_DOMAIN_DRAM];
684 rd->id = RAPL_DOMAIN_DRAM;
685 rd->msrs[0] = MSR_DRAM_POWER_LIMIT;
686 rd->msrs[1] = MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS;
687 rd->msrs[2] = MSR_DRAM_PERF_STATUS;
689 rd->msrs[4] = MSR_DRAM_POWER_INFO;
690 rd->rpl[0].prim_id = PL1_ENABLE;
691 rd->rpl[0].name = pl1_name;
692 rd->domain_energy_unit =
693 rapl_defaults->dram_domain_energy_unit;
694 if (rd->domain_energy_unit)
695 pr_info("DRAM domain energy unit %dpj\n",
696 rd->domain_energy_unit);
706 static u64 rapl_unit_xlate(struct rapl_domain *rd, enum unit_type type,
707 u64 value, int to_raw)
710 struct rapl_package *rp = rd->rp;
715 units = rp->power_unit;
718 scale = ENERGY_UNIT_SCALE;
719 /* per domain unit takes precedence */
720 if (rd->domain_energy_unit)
721 units = rd->domain_energy_unit;
723 units = rp->energy_unit;
726 return rapl_defaults->compute_time_window(rp, value, to_raw);
733 return div64_u64(value, units) * scale;
737 return div64_u64(value, scale);
740 /* in the order of enum rapl_primitives */
741 static struct rapl_primitive_info rpi[] = {
742 /* name, mask, shift, msr index, unit divisor */
743 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(ENERGY_COUNTER, ENERGY_STATUS_MASK, 0,
744 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_STATUS, ENERGY_UNIT, 0),
745 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(POWER_LIMIT1, POWER_LIMIT1_MASK, 0,
746 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, POWER_UNIT, 0),
747 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(POWER_LIMIT2, POWER_LIMIT2_MASK, 32,
748 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, POWER_UNIT, 0),
749 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(FW_LOCK, POWER_PP_LOCK, 31,
750 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, ARBITRARY_UNIT, 0),
751 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(PL1_ENABLE, POWER_LIMIT1_ENABLE, 15,
752 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, ARBITRARY_UNIT, 0),
753 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(PL1_CLAMP, POWER_LIMIT1_CLAMP, 16,
754 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, ARBITRARY_UNIT, 0),
755 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(PL2_ENABLE, POWER_LIMIT2_ENABLE, 47,
756 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, ARBITRARY_UNIT, 0),
757 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(PL2_CLAMP, POWER_LIMIT2_CLAMP, 48,
758 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, ARBITRARY_UNIT, 0),
759 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(TIME_WINDOW1, TIME_WINDOW1_MASK, 17,
760 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, TIME_UNIT, 0),
761 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(TIME_WINDOW2, TIME_WINDOW2_MASK, 49,
762 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_LIMIT, TIME_UNIT, 0),
763 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(THERMAL_SPEC_POWER, POWER_INFO_THERMAL_SPEC_MASK,
764 0, RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_INFO, POWER_UNIT, 0),
765 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(MAX_POWER, POWER_INFO_MAX_MASK, 32,
766 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_INFO, POWER_UNIT, 0),
767 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(MIN_POWER, POWER_INFO_MIN_MASK, 16,
768 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_INFO, POWER_UNIT, 0),
769 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(MAX_TIME_WINDOW, POWER_INFO_MAX_TIME_WIN_MASK, 48,
770 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_INFO, TIME_UNIT, 0),
771 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(THROTTLED_TIME, PERF_STATUS_THROTTLE_TIME_MASK, 0,
772 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_PERF, TIME_UNIT, 0),
773 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(PRIORITY_LEVEL, PP_POLICY_MASK, 0,
774 RAPL_DOMAIN_MSR_POLICY, ARBITRARY_UNIT, 0),
776 PRIMITIVE_INFO_INIT(AVERAGE_POWER, 0, 0, 0, POWER_UNIT,
777 RAPL_PRIMITIVE_DERIVED),
781 /* Read primitive data based on its related struct rapl_primitive_info.
782 * if xlate flag is set, return translated data based on data units, i.e.
783 * time, energy, and power.
784 * RAPL MSRs are non-architectual and are laid out not consistently across
785 * domains. Here we use primitive info to allow writing consolidated access
787 * For a given primitive, it is processed by MSR mask and shift. Unit conversion
788 * is pre-assigned based on RAPL unit MSRs read at init time.
789 * 63-------------------------- 31--------------------------- 0
791 * | |<- shift ----------------|
792 * 63-------------------------- 31--------------------------- 0
794 static int rapl_read_data_raw(struct rapl_domain *rd,
795 enum rapl_primitives prim,
796 bool xlate, u64 *data)
800 struct rapl_primitive_info *rp = &rpi[prim];
803 if (!rp->name || rp->flag & RAPL_PRIMITIVE_DUMMY)
806 msr = rd->msrs[rp->id];
810 cpu = rd->rp->lead_cpu;
812 /* special-case package domain, which uses a different bit*/
813 if (prim == FW_LOCK && rd->id == RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE) {
814 rp->mask = POWER_PACKAGE_LOCK;
817 /* non-hardware data are collected by the polling thread */
818 if (rp->flag & RAPL_PRIMITIVE_DERIVED) {
819 *data = rd->rdd.primitives[prim];
823 if (rdmsrl_safe_on_cpu(cpu, msr, &value)) {
824 pr_debug("failed to read msr 0x%x on cpu %d\n", msr, cpu);
828 final = value & rp->mask;
829 final = final >> rp->shift;
831 *data = rapl_unit_xlate(rd, rp->unit, final, 0);
839 static int msrl_update_safe(u32 msr_no, u64 clear_mask, u64 set_mask)
844 err = rdmsrl_safe(msr_no, &val);
851 err = wrmsrl_safe(msr_no, val);
857 static void msrl_update_func(void *info)
859 struct msrl_action *ma = info;
861 ma->err = msrl_update_safe(ma->msr_no, ma->clear_mask, ma->set_mask);
864 /* Similar use of primitive info in the read counterpart */
865 static int rapl_write_data_raw(struct rapl_domain *rd,
866 enum rapl_primitives prim,
867 unsigned long long value)
869 struct rapl_primitive_info *rp = &rpi[prim];
872 struct msrl_action ma;
875 cpu = rd->rp->lead_cpu;
876 bits = rapl_unit_xlate(rd, rp->unit, value, 1);
880 memset(&ma, 0, sizeof(ma));
882 ma.msr_no = rd->msrs[rp->id];
883 ma.clear_mask = rp->mask;
886 ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, msrl_update_func, &ma, 1);
896 * Raw RAPL data stored in MSRs are in certain scales. We need to
897 * convert them into standard units based on the units reported in
898 * the RAPL unit MSRs. This is specific to CPUs as the method to
899 * calculate units differ on different CPUs.
900 * We convert the units to below format based on CPUs.
902 * energy unit: picoJoules : Represented in picoJoules by default
903 * power unit : microWatts : Represented in milliWatts by default
904 * time unit : microseconds: Represented in seconds by default
906 static int rapl_check_unit_core(struct rapl_package *rp, int cpu)
911 if (rdmsrl_safe_on_cpu(cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr_val)) {
912 pr_err("Failed to read power unit MSR 0x%x on CPU %d, exit.\n",
913 MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, cpu);
917 value = (msr_val & ENERGY_UNIT_MASK) >> ENERGY_UNIT_OFFSET;
918 rp->energy_unit = ENERGY_UNIT_SCALE * 1000000 / (1 << value);
920 value = (msr_val & POWER_UNIT_MASK) >> POWER_UNIT_OFFSET;
921 rp->power_unit = 1000000 / (1 << value);
923 value = (msr_val & TIME_UNIT_MASK) >> TIME_UNIT_OFFSET;
924 rp->time_unit = 1000000 / (1 << value);
926 pr_debug("Core CPU package %d energy=%dpJ, time=%dus, power=%duW\n",
927 rp->id, rp->energy_unit, rp->time_unit, rp->power_unit);
932 static int rapl_check_unit_atom(struct rapl_package *rp, int cpu)
937 if (rdmsrl_safe_on_cpu(cpu, MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, &msr_val)) {
938 pr_err("Failed to read power unit MSR 0x%x on CPU %d, exit.\n",
939 MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT, cpu);
942 value = (msr_val & ENERGY_UNIT_MASK) >> ENERGY_UNIT_OFFSET;
943 rp->energy_unit = ENERGY_UNIT_SCALE * 1 << value;
945 value = (msr_val & POWER_UNIT_MASK) >> POWER_UNIT_OFFSET;
946 rp->power_unit = (1 << value) * 1000;
948 value = (msr_val & TIME_UNIT_MASK) >> TIME_UNIT_OFFSET;
949 rp->time_unit = 1000000 / (1 << value);
951 pr_debug("Atom package %d energy=%dpJ, time=%dus, power=%duW\n",
952 rp->id, rp->energy_unit, rp->time_unit, rp->power_unit);
957 static void power_limit_irq_save_cpu(void *info)
960 struct rapl_package *rp = (struct rapl_package *)info;
962 /* save the state of PLN irq mask bit before disabling it */
963 rdmsr_safe(MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, &l, &h);
964 if (!(rp->power_limit_irq & PACKAGE_PLN_INT_SAVED)) {
965 rp->power_limit_irq = l & PACKAGE_THERM_INT_PLN_ENABLE;
966 rp->power_limit_irq |= PACKAGE_PLN_INT_SAVED;
968 l &= ~PACKAGE_THERM_INT_PLN_ENABLE;
969 wrmsr_safe(MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, l, h);
974 * When package power limit is set artificially low by RAPL, LVT
975 * thermal interrupt for package power limit should be ignored
976 * since we are not really exceeding the real limit. The intention
977 * is to avoid excessive interrupts while we are trying to save power.
978 * A useful feature might be routing the package_power_limit interrupt
979 * to userspace via eventfd. once we have a usecase, this is simple
980 * to do by adding an atomic notifier.
983 static void package_power_limit_irq_save(struct rapl_package *rp)
985 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTS) || !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PLN))
988 smp_call_function_single(rp->lead_cpu, power_limit_irq_save_cpu, rp, 1);
992 * Restore per package power limit interrupt enable state. Called from cpu
993 * hotplug code on package removal.
995 static void package_power_limit_irq_restore(struct rapl_package *rp)
999 if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTS) || !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PLN))
1002 /* irq enable state not saved, nothing to restore */
1003 if (!(rp->power_limit_irq & PACKAGE_PLN_INT_SAVED))
1006 rdmsr_safe(MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, &l, &h);
1008 if (rp->power_limit_irq & PACKAGE_THERM_INT_PLN_ENABLE)
1009 l |= PACKAGE_THERM_INT_PLN_ENABLE;
1011 l &= ~PACKAGE_THERM_INT_PLN_ENABLE;
1013 wrmsr_safe(MSR_IA32_PACKAGE_THERM_INTERRUPT, l, h);
1016 static void set_floor_freq_default(struct rapl_domain *rd, bool mode)
1018 int nr_powerlimit = find_nr_power_limit(rd);
1020 /* always enable clamp such that p-state can go below OS requested
1021 * range. power capping priority over guranteed frequency.
1023 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL1_CLAMP, mode);
1025 /* some domains have pl2 */
1026 if (nr_powerlimit > 1) {
1027 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL2_ENABLE, mode);
1028 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL2_CLAMP, mode);
1032 static void set_floor_freq_atom(struct rapl_domain *rd, bool enable)
1034 static u32 power_ctrl_orig_val;
1037 if (!rapl_defaults->floor_freq_reg_addr) {
1038 pr_err("Invalid floor frequency config register\n");
1042 if (!power_ctrl_orig_val)
1043 iosf_mbi_read(BT_MBI_UNIT_PMC, MBI_CR_READ,
1044 rapl_defaults->floor_freq_reg_addr,
1045 &power_ctrl_orig_val);
1046 mdata = power_ctrl_orig_val;
1048 mdata &= ~(0x7f << 8);
1051 iosf_mbi_write(BT_MBI_UNIT_PMC, MBI_CR_WRITE,
1052 rapl_defaults->floor_freq_reg_addr, mdata);
1055 static u64 rapl_compute_time_window_core(struct rapl_package *rp, u64 value,
1058 u64 f, y; /* fraction and exp. used for time unit */
1061 * Special processing based on 2^Y*(1+F/4), refer
1062 * to Intel Software Developer's manual Vol.3B: CH 14.9.3.
1065 f = (value & 0x60) >> 5;
1067 value = (1 << y) * (4 + f) * rp->time_unit / 4;
1069 do_div(value, rp->time_unit);
1071 f = div64_u64(4 * (value - (1 << y)), 1 << y);
1072 value = (y & 0x1f) | ((f & 0x3) << 5);
1077 static u64 rapl_compute_time_window_atom(struct rapl_package *rp, u64 value,
1081 * Atom time unit encoding is straight forward val * time_unit,
1082 * where time_unit is default to 1 sec. Never 0.
1085 return (value) ? value *= rp->time_unit : rp->time_unit;
1087 value = div64_u64(value, rp->time_unit);
1092 static const struct rapl_defaults rapl_defaults_core = {
1093 .floor_freq_reg_addr = 0,
1094 .check_unit = rapl_check_unit_core,
1095 .set_floor_freq = set_floor_freq_default,
1096 .compute_time_window = rapl_compute_time_window_core,
1099 static const struct rapl_defaults rapl_defaults_hsw_server = {
1100 .check_unit = rapl_check_unit_core,
1101 .set_floor_freq = set_floor_freq_default,
1102 .compute_time_window = rapl_compute_time_window_core,
1103 .dram_domain_energy_unit = 15300,
1106 static const struct rapl_defaults rapl_defaults_byt = {
1107 .floor_freq_reg_addr = IOSF_CPU_POWER_BUDGET_CTL_BYT,
1108 .check_unit = rapl_check_unit_atom,
1109 .set_floor_freq = set_floor_freq_atom,
1110 .compute_time_window = rapl_compute_time_window_atom,
1113 static const struct rapl_defaults rapl_defaults_tng = {
1114 .floor_freq_reg_addr = IOSF_CPU_POWER_BUDGET_CTL_TNG,
1115 .check_unit = rapl_check_unit_atom,
1116 .set_floor_freq = set_floor_freq_atom,
1117 .compute_time_window = rapl_compute_time_window_atom,
1120 static const struct rapl_defaults rapl_defaults_ann = {
1121 .floor_freq_reg_addr = 0,
1122 .check_unit = rapl_check_unit_atom,
1123 .set_floor_freq = NULL,
1124 .compute_time_window = rapl_compute_time_window_atom,
1127 static const struct rapl_defaults rapl_defaults_cht = {
1128 .floor_freq_reg_addr = 0,
1129 .check_unit = rapl_check_unit_atom,
1130 .set_floor_freq = NULL,
1131 .compute_time_window = rapl_compute_time_window_atom,
1134 #define RAPL_CPU(_model, _ops) { \
1135 .vendor = X86_VENDOR_INTEL, \
1138 .driver_data = (kernel_ulong_t)&_ops, \
1141 static const struct x86_cpu_id rapl_ids[] __initconst = {
1142 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE, rapl_defaults_core),
1143 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_SANDYBRIDGE_X, rapl_defaults_core),
1145 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE, rapl_defaults_core),
1146 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_IVYBRIDGE_X, rapl_defaults_core),
1148 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_CORE, rapl_defaults_core),
1149 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_ULT, rapl_defaults_core),
1150 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_GT3E, rapl_defaults_core),
1151 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_HASWELL_X, rapl_defaults_hsw_server),
1153 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_CORE, rapl_defaults_core),
1154 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_GT3E, rapl_defaults_core),
1155 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_XEON_D, rapl_defaults_core),
1156 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_BROADWELL_X, rapl_defaults_hsw_server),
1158 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_DESKTOP, rapl_defaults_core),
1159 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_MOBILE, rapl_defaults_core),
1160 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_SKYLAKE_X, rapl_defaults_hsw_server),
1161 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_MOBILE, rapl_defaults_core),
1162 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_KABYLAKE_DESKTOP, rapl_defaults_core),
1164 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_SILVERMONT1, rapl_defaults_byt),
1165 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_AIRMONT, rapl_defaults_cht),
1166 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_MERRIFIELD, rapl_defaults_tng),
1167 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_MOOREFIELD, rapl_defaults_ann),
1168 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GOLDMONT, rapl_defaults_core),
1169 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_GEMINI_LAKE, rapl_defaults_core),
1170 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_ATOM_DENVERTON, rapl_defaults_core),
1172 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNL, rapl_defaults_hsw_server),
1173 RAPL_CPU(INTEL_FAM6_XEON_PHI_KNM, rapl_defaults_hsw_server),
1176 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(x86cpu, rapl_ids);
1178 /* Read once for all raw primitive data for domains */
1179 static void rapl_update_domain_data(struct rapl_package *rp)
1184 for (dmn = 0; dmn < rp->nr_domains; dmn++) {
1185 pr_debug("update package %d domain %s data\n", rp->id,
1186 rp->domains[dmn].name);
1187 /* exclude non-raw primitives */
1188 for (prim = 0; prim < NR_RAW_PRIMITIVES; prim++) {
1189 if (!rapl_read_data_raw(&rp->domains[dmn], prim,
1190 rpi[prim].unit, &val))
1191 rp->domains[dmn].rdd.primitives[prim] = val;
1197 static void rapl_unregister_powercap(void)
1199 if (platform_rapl_domain) {
1200 powercap_unregister_zone(control_type,
1201 &platform_rapl_domain->power_zone);
1202 kfree(platform_rapl_domain);
1204 powercap_unregister_control_type(control_type);
1207 static int rapl_package_register_powercap(struct rapl_package *rp)
1209 struct rapl_domain *rd;
1210 char dev_name[17]; /* max domain name = 7 + 1 + 8 for int + 1 for null*/
1211 struct powercap_zone *power_zone = NULL;
1214 /* Update the domain data of the new package */
1215 rapl_update_domain_data(rp);
1217 /* first we register package domain as the parent zone*/
1218 for (rd = rp->domains; rd < rp->domains + rp->nr_domains; rd++) {
1219 if (rd->id == RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE) {
1220 nr_pl = find_nr_power_limit(rd);
1221 pr_debug("register socket %d package domain %s\n",
1223 memset(dev_name, 0, sizeof(dev_name));
1224 snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "%s-%d",
1226 power_zone = powercap_register_zone(&rd->power_zone,
1232 if (IS_ERR(power_zone)) {
1233 pr_debug("failed to register package, %d\n",
1235 return PTR_ERR(power_zone);
1237 /* track parent zone in per package/socket data */
1238 rp->power_zone = power_zone;
1239 /* done, only one package domain per socket */
1244 pr_err("no package domain found, unknown topology!\n");
1247 /* now register domains as children of the socket/package*/
1248 for (rd = rp->domains; rd < rp->domains + rp->nr_domains; rd++) {
1249 if (rd->id == RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE)
1251 /* number of power limits per domain varies */
1252 nr_pl = find_nr_power_limit(rd);
1253 power_zone = powercap_register_zone(&rd->power_zone,
1254 control_type, rd->name,
1256 &zone_ops[rd->id], nr_pl,
1259 if (IS_ERR(power_zone)) {
1260 pr_debug("failed to register power_zone, %d:%s:%s\n",
1261 rp->id, rd->name, dev_name);
1262 ret = PTR_ERR(power_zone);
1270 * Clean up previously initialized domains within the package if we
1271 * failed after the first domain setup.
1273 while (--rd >= rp->domains) {
1274 pr_debug("unregister package %d domain %s\n", rp->id, rd->name);
1275 powercap_unregister_zone(control_type, &rd->power_zone);
1281 static int __init rapl_register_psys(void)
1283 struct rapl_domain *rd;
1284 struct powercap_zone *power_zone;
1287 if (rdmsrl_safe_on_cpu(0, MSR_PLATFORM_ENERGY_STATUS, &val) || !val)
1290 if (rdmsrl_safe_on_cpu(0, MSR_PLATFORM_POWER_LIMIT, &val) || !val)
1293 rd = kzalloc(sizeof(*rd), GFP_KERNEL);
1297 rd->name = rapl_domain_names[RAPL_DOMAIN_PLATFORM];
1298 rd->id = RAPL_DOMAIN_PLATFORM;
1299 rd->msrs[0] = MSR_PLATFORM_POWER_LIMIT;
1300 rd->msrs[1] = MSR_PLATFORM_ENERGY_STATUS;
1301 rd->rpl[0].prim_id = PL1_ENABLE;
1302 rd->rpl[0].name = pl1_name;
1303 rd->rpl[1].prim_id = PL2_ENABLE;
1304 rd->rpl[1].name = pl2_name;
1305 rd->rp = find_package_by_id(0);
1307 power_zone = powercap_register_zone(&rd->power_zone, control_type,
1309 &zone_ops[RAPL_DOMAIN_PLATFORM],
1310 2, &constraint_ops);
1312 if (IS_ERR(power_zone)) {
1314 return PTR_ERR(power_zone);
1317 platform_rapl_domain = rd;
1322 static int __init rapl_register_powercap(void)
1324 control_type = powercap_register_control_type(NULL, "intel-rapl", NULL);
1325 if (IS_ERR(control_type)) {
1326 pr_debug("failed to register powercap control_type.\n");
1327 return PTR_ERR(control_type);
1332 static int rapl_check_domain(int cpu, int domain)
1338 case RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE:
1339 msr = MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS;
1341 case RAPL_DOMAIN_PP0:
1342 msr = MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS;
1344 case RAPL_DOMAIN_PP1:
1345 msr = MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS;
1347 case RAPL_DOMAIN_DRAM:
1348 msr = MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS;
1350 case RAPL_DOMAIN_PLATFORM:
1351 /* PSYS(PLATFORM) is not a CPU domain, so avoid printng error */
1354 pr_err("invalid domain id %d\n", domain);
1357 /* make sure domain counters are available and contains non-zero
1358 * values, otherwise skip it.
1360 if (rdmsrl_safe_on_cpu(cpu, msr, &val) || !val)
1368 * Check if power limits are available. Two cases when they are not available:
1369 * 1. Locked by BIOS, in this case we still provide read-only access so that
1370 * users can see what limit is set by the BIOS.
1371 * 2. Some CPUs make some domains monitoring only which means PLx MSRs may not
1372 * exist at all. In this case, we do not show the contraints in powercap.
1374 * Called after domains are detected and initialized.
1376 static void rapl_detect_powerlimit(struct rapl_domain *rd)
1381 /* check if the domain is locked by BIOS, ignore if MSR doesn't exist */
1382 if (!rapl_read_data_raw(rd, FW_LOCK, false, &val64)) {
1384 pr_info("RAPL package %d domain %s locked by BIOS\n",
1385 rd->rp->id, rd->name);
1386 rd->state |= DOMAIN_STATE_BIOS_LOCKED;
1389 /* check if power limit MSRs exists, otherwise domain is monitoring only */
1390 for (i = 0; i < NR_POWER_LIMITS; i++) {
1391 int prim = rd->rpl[i].prim_id;
1392 if (rapl_read_data_raw(rd, prim, false, &val64))
1393 rd->rpl[i].name = NULL;
1397 /* Detect active and valid domains for the given CPU, caller must
1398 * ensure the CPU belongs to the targeted package and CPU hotlug is disabled.
1400 static int rapl_detect_domains(struct rapl_package *rp, int cpu)
1402 struct rapl_domain *rd;
1405 for (i = 0; i < RAPL_DOMAIN_MAX; i++) {
1406 /* use physical package id to read counters */
1407 if (!rapl_check_domain(cpu, i)) {
1408 rp->domain_map |= 1 << i;
1409 pr_info("Found RAPL domain %s\n", rapl_domain_names[i]);
1412 rp->nr_domains = bitmap_weight(&rp->domain_map, RAPL_DOMAIN_MAX);
1413 if (!rp->nr_domains) {
1414 pr_debug("no valid rapl domains found in package %d\n", rp->id);
1417 pr_debug("found %d domains on package %d\n", rp->nr_domains, rp->id);
1419 rp->domains = kcalloc(rp->nr_domains + 1, sizeof(struct rapl_domain),
1424 rapl_init_domains(rp);
1426 for (rd = rp->domains; rd < rp->domains + rp->nr_domains; rd++)
1427 rapl_detect_powerlimit(rd);
1432 /* called from CPU hotplug notifier, hotplug lock held */
1433 static void rapl_remove_package(struct rapl_package *rp)
1435 struct rapl_domain *rd, *rd_package = NULL;
1437 package_power_limit_irq_restore(rp);
1439 for (rd = rp->domains; rd < rp->domains + rp->nr_domains; rd++) {
1440 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL1_ENABLE, 0);
1441 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL1_CLAMP, 0);
1442 if (find_nr_power_limit(rd) > 1) {
1443 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL2_ENABLE, 0);
1444 rapl_write_data_raw(rd, PL2_CLAMP, 0);
1446 if (rd->id == RAPL_DOMAIN_PACKAGE) {
1450 pr_debug("remove package, undo power limit on %d: %s\n",
1452 powercap_unregister_zone(control_type, &rd->power_zone);
1454 /* do parent zone last */
1455 powercap_unregister_zone(control_type, &rd_package->power_zone);
1456 list_del(&rp->plist);
1460 /* called from CPU hotplug notifier, hotplug lock held */
1461 static struct rapl_package *rapl_add_package(int cpu, int pkgid)
1463 struct rapl_package *rp;
1466 rp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct rapl_package), GFP_KERNEL);
1468 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1470 /* add the new package to the list */
1474 /* check if the package contains valid domains */
1475 if (rapl_detect_domains(rp, cpu) ||
1476 rapl_defaults->check_unit(rp, cpu)) {
1478 goto err_free_package;
1480 ret = rapl_package_register_powercap(rp);
1482 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rp->plist);
1483 list_add(&rp->plist, &rapl_packages);
1490 return ERR_PTR(ret);
1493 /* Handles CPU hotplug on multi-socket systems.
1494 * If a CPU goes online as the first CPU of the physical package
1495 * we add the RAPL package to the system. Similarly, when the last
1496 * CPU of the package is removed, we remove the RAPL package and its
1497 * associated domains. Cooling devices are handled accordingly at
1500 static int rapl_cpu_online(unsigned int cpu)
1502 int pkgid = topology_physical_package_id(cpu);
1503 struct rapl_package *rp;
1505 rp = find_package_by_id(pkgid);
1507 rp = rapl_add_package(cpu, pkgid);
1511 cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &rp->cpumask);
1515 static int rapl_cpu_down_prep(unsigned int cpu)
1517 int pkgid = topology_physical_package_id(cpu);
1518 struct rapl_package *rp;
1521 rp = find_package_by_id(pkgid);
1525 cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &rp->cpumask);
1526 lead_cpu = cpumask_first(&rp->cpumask);
1527 if (lead_cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
1528 rapl_remove_package(rp);
1529 else if (rp->lead_cpu == cpu)
1530 rp->lead_cpu = lead_cpu;
1534 static enum cpuhp_state pcap_rapl_online;
1536 static int __init rapl_init(void)
1538 const struct x86_cpu_id *id;
1541 id = x86_match_cpu(rapl_ids);
1543 pr_err("driver does not support CPU family %d model %d\n",
1544 boot_cpu_data.x86, boot_cpu_data.x86_model);
1549 rapl_defaults = (struct rapl_defaults *)id->driver_data;
1551 ret = rapl_register_powercap();
1555 ret = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "powercap/rapl:online",
1556 rapl_cpu_online, rapl_cpu_down_prep);
1559 pcap_rapl_online = ret;
1561 /* Don't bail out if PSys is not supported */
1562 rapl_register_psys();
1566 rapl_unregister_powercap();
1570 static void __exit rapl_exit(void)
1572 cpuhp_remove_state(pcap_rapl_online);
1573 rapl_unregister_powercap();
1576 module_init(rapl_init);
1577 module_exit(rapl_exit);
1579 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for Intel RAPL (Running Average Power Limit)");
1580 MODULE_AUTHOR("Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@intel.com>");
1581 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");