2 * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006
3 * Copyright (c) Nokia Corporation, 2007
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
13 * the GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
19 * Author: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём),
24 * This file includes UBI initialization and building of UBI devices.
26 * When UBI is initialized, it attaches all the MTD devices specified as the
27 * module load parameters or the kernel boot parameters. If MTD devices were
28 * specified, UBI does not attach any MTD device, but it is possible to do
29 * later using the "UBI control device".
31 * At the moment we only attach UBI devices by scanning, which will become a
32 * bottleneck when flashes reach certain large size. Then one may improve UBI
33 * and add other methods, although it does not seem to be easy to do.
37 #include <linux/err.h>
38 #include <linux/module.h>
39 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
40 #include <linux/stringify.h>
41 #include <linux/stat.h>
42 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
43 #include <linux/log2.h>
44 #include <linux/kthread.h>
46 #include <ubi_uboot.h>
49 /* Maximum length of the 'mtd=' parameter */
50 #define MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX 64
53 * struct mtd_dev_param - MTD device parameter description data structure.
54 * @name: MTD device name or number string
55 * @vid_hdr_offs: VID header offset
59 char name[MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX];
63 /* Numbers of elements set in the @mtd_dev_param array */
64 static int mtd_devs = 0;
66 /* MTD devices specification parameters */
67 static struct mtd_dev_param mtd_dev_param[UBI_MAX_DEVICES];
69 /* Root UBI "class" object (corresponds to '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/') */
70 struct class *ubi_class;
73 /* Slab cache for wear-leveling entries */
74 struct kmem_cache *ubi_wl_entry_slab;
76 /* UBI control character device */
77 static struct miscdevice ubi_ctrl_cdev = {
78 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
80 .fops = &ubi_ctrl_cdev_operations,
84 /* All UBI devices in system */
85 struct ubi_device *ubi_devices[UBI_MAX_DEVICES];
88 /* Serializes UBI devices creations and removals */
89 DEFINE_MUTEX(ubi_devices_mutex);
91 /* Protects @ubi_devices and @ubi->ref_count */
92 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ubi_devices_lock);
94 /* "Show" method for files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/' */
95 static ssize_t ubi_version_show(struct class *class, char *buf)
97 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", UBI_VERSION);
100 /* UBI version attribute ('/<sysfs>/class/ubi/version') */
101 static struct class_attribute ubi_version =
102 __ATTR(version, S_IRUGO, ubi_version_show, NULL);
104 static ssize_t dev_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
105 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
107 /* UBI device attributes (correspond to files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/ubiX') */
108 static struct device_attribute dev_eraseblock_size =
109 __ATTR(eraseblock_size, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
110 static struct device_attribute dev_avail_eraseblocks =
111 __ATTR(avail_eraseblocks, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
112 static struct device_attribute dev_total_eraseblocks =
113 __ATTR(total_eraseblocks, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
114 static struct device_attribute dev_volumes_count =
115 __ATTR(volumes_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
116 static struct device_attribute dev_max_ec =
117 __ATTR(max_ec, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
118 static struct device_attribute dev_reserved_for_bad =
119 __ATTR(reserved_for_bad, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
120 static struct device_attribute dev_bad_peb_count =
121 __ATTR(bad_peb_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
122 static struct device_attribute dev_max_vol_count =
123 __ATTR(max_vol_count, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
124 static struct device_attribute dev_min_io_size =
125 __ATTR(min_io_size, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
126 static struct device_attribute dev_bgt_enabled =
127 __ATTR(bgt_enabled, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
128 static struct device_attribute dev_mtd_num =
129 __ATTR(mtd_num, S_IRUGO, dev_attribute_show, NULL);
133 * ubi_get_device - get UBI device.
134 * @ubi_num: UBI device number
136 * This function returns UBI device description object for UBI device number
137 * @ubi_num, or %NULL if the device does not exist. This function increases the
138 * device reference count to prevent removal of the device. In other words, the
139 * device cannot be removed if its reference count is not zero.
141 struct ubi_device *ubi_get_device(int ubi_num)
143 struct ubi_device *ubi;
145 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
146 ubi = ubi_devices[ubi_num];
148 ubi_assert(ubi->ref_count >= 0);
150 get_device(&ubi->dev);
152 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
158 * ubi_put_device - drop an UBI device reference.
159 * @ubi: UBI device description object
161 void ubi_put_device(struct ubi_device *ubi)
163 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
165 put_device(&ubi->dev);
166 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
170 * ubi_get_by_major - get UBI device description object by character device
172 * @major: major number
174 * This function is similar to 'ubi_get_device()', but it searches the device
175 * by its major number.
177 struct ubi_device *ubi_get_by_major(int major)
180 struct ubi_device *ubi;
182 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
183 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
184 ubi = ubi_devices[i];
185 if (ubi && MAJOR(ubi->cdev.dev) == major) {
186 ubi_assert(ubi->ref_count >= 0);
188 get_device(&ubi->dev);
189 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
193 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
199 * ubi_major2num - get UBI device number by character device major number.
200 * @major: major number
202 * This function searches UBI device number object by its major number. If UBI
203 * device was not found, this function returns -ENODEV, otherwise the UBI device
204 * number is returned.
206 int ubi_major2num(int major)
208 int i, ubi_num = -ENODEV;
210 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
211 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
212 struct ubi_device *ubi = ubi_devices[i];
214 if (ubi && MAJOR(ubi->cdev.dev) == major) {
215 ubi_num = ubi->ubi_num;
219 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
225 /* "Show" method for files in '/<sysfs>/class/ubi/ubiX/' */
226 static ssize_t dev_attribute_show(struct device *dev,
227 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
230 struct ubi_device *ubi;
233 * The below code looks weird, but it actually makes sense. We get the
234 * UBI device reference from the contained 'struct ubi_device'. But it
235 * is unclear if the device was removed or not yet. Indeed, if the
236 * device was removed before we increased its reference count,
237 * 'ubi_get_device()' will return -ENODEV and we fail.
239 * Remember, 'struct ubi_device' is freed in the release function, so
240 * we still can use 'ubi->ubi_num'.
242 ubi = container_of(dev, struct ubi_device, dev);
243 ubi = ubi_get_device(ubi->ubi_num);
247 if (attr == &dev_eraseblock_size)
248 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->leb_size);
249 else if (attr == &dev_avail_eraseblocks)
250 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->avail_pebs);
251 else if (attr == &dev_total_eraseblocks)
252 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->good_peb_count);
253 else if (attr == &dev_volumes_count)
254 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->vol_count - UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT);
255 else if (attr == &dev_max_ec)
256 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->max_ec);
257 else if (attr == &dev_reserved_for_bad)
258 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->beb_rsvd_pebs);
259 else if (attr == &dev_bad_peb_count)
260 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->bad_peb_count);
261 else if (attr == &dev_max_vol_count)
262 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->vtbl_slots);
263 else if (attr == &dev_min_io_size)
264 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->min_io_size);
265 else if (attr == &dev_bgt_enabled)
266 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->thread_enabled);
267 else if (attr == &dev_mtd_num)
268 ret = sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ubi->mtd->index);
276 /* Fake "release" method for UBI devices */
277 static void dev_release(struct device *dev) { }
280 * ubi_sysfs_init - initialize sysfs for an UBI device.
281 * @ubi: UBI device description object
283 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
286 static int ubi_sysfs_init(struct ubi_device *ubi)
290 ubi->dev.release = dev_release;
291 ubi->dev.devt = ubi->cdev.dev;
292 ubi->dev.class = ubi_class;
293 sprintf(&ubi->dev.bus_id[0], UBI_NAME_STR"%d", ubi->ubi_num);
294 err = device_register(&ubi->dev);
298 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_eraseblock_size);
301 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_avail_eraseblocks);
304 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_total_eraseblocks);
307 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_volumes_count);
310 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_max_ec);
313 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_reserved_for_bad);
316 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_bad_peb_count);
319 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_max_vol_count);
322 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_min_io_size);
325 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_bgt_enabled);
328 err = device_create_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_mtd_num);
333 * ubi_sysfs_close - close sysfs for an UBI device.
334 * @ubi: UBI device description object
336 static void ubi_sysfs_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
338 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_mtd_num);
339 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_bgt_enabled);
340 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_min_io_size);
341 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_max_vol_count);
342 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_bad_peb_count);
343 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_reserved_for_bad);
344 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_max_ec);
345 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_volumes_count);
346 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_total_eraseblocks);
347 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_avail_eraseblocks);
348 device_remove_file(&ubi->dev, &dev_eraseblock_size);
349 device_unregister(&ubi->dev);
354 * kill_volumes - destroy all volumes.
355 * @ubi: UBI device description object
357 static void kill_volumes(struct ubi_device *ubi)
361 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++)
363 ubi_free_volume(ubi, ubi->volumes[i]);
367 * uif_init - initialize user interfaces for an UBI device.
368 * @ubi: UBI device description object
370 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
373 static int uif_init(struct ubi_device *ubi)
380 sprintf(ubi->ubi_name, UBI_NAME_STR "%d", ubi->ubi_num);
383 * Major numbers for the UBI character devices are allocated
384 * dynamically. Major numbers of volume character devices are
385 * equivalent to ones of the corresponding UBI character device. Minor
386 * numbers of UBI character devices are 0, while minor numbers of
387 * volume character devices start from 1. Thus, we allocate one major
388 * number and ubi->vtbl_slots + 1 minor numbers.
390 err = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1, ubi->ubi_name);
392 ubi_err("cannot register UBI character devices");
396 ubi_assert(MINOR(dev) == 0);
397 cdev_init(&ubi->cdev, &ubi_cdev_operations);
398 dbg_msg("%s major is %u", ubi->ubi_name, MAJOR(dev));
399 ubi->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
401 err = cdev_add(&ubi->cdev, dev, 1);
403 ubi_err("cannot add character device");
407 err = ubi_sysfs_init(ubi);
411 for (i = 0; i < ubi->vtbl_slots; i++)
412 if (ubi->volumes[i]) {
413 err = ubi_add_volume(ubi, ubi->volumes[i]);
415 ubi_err("cannot add volume %d", i);
425 ubi_sysfs_close(ubi);
426 cdev_del(&ubi->cdev);
428 unregister_chrdev_region(ubi->cdev.dev, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1);
429 ubi_err("cannot initialize UBI %s, error %d", ubi->ubi_name, err);
434 * uif_close - close user interfaces for an UBI device.
435 * @ubi: UBI device description object
437 static void uif_close(struct ubi_device *ubi)
440 ubi_sysfs_close(ubi);
441 cdev_del(&ubi->cdev);
442 unregister_chrdev_region(ubi->cdev.dev, ubi->vtbl_slots + 1);
446 * attach_by_scanning - attach an MTD device using scanning method.
447 * @ubi: UBI device descriptor
449 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
452 * Note, currently this is the only method to attach UBI devices. Hopefully in
453 * the future we'll have more scalable attaching methods and avoid full media
454 * scanning. But even in this case scanning will be needed as a fall-back
455 * attaching method if there are some on-flash table corruptions.
457 static int attach_by_scanning(struct ubi_device *ubi)
460 struct ubi_scan_info *si;
466 ubi->bad_peb_count = si->bad_peb_count;
467 ubi->good_peb_count = ubi->peb_count - ubi->bad_peb_count;
468 ubi->max_ec = si->max_ec;
469 ubi->mean_ec = si->mean_ec;
471 err = ubi_read_volume_table(ubi, si);
475 err = ubi_wl_init_scan(ubi, si);
479 err = ubi_eba_init_scan(ubi, si);
483 ubi_scan_destroy_si(si);
491 ubi_scan_destroy_si(si);
496 * io_init - initialize I/O unit for a given UBI device.
497 * @ubi: UBI device description object
499 * If @ubi->vid_hdr_offset or @ubi->leb_start is zero, default offsets are
501 * o EC header is always at offset zero - this cannot be changed;
502 * o VID header starts just after the EC header at the closest address
503 * aligned to @io->hdrs_min_io_size;
504 * o data starts just after the VID header at the closest address aligned to
507 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
510 static int io_init(struct ubi_device *ubi)
512 if (ubi->mtd->numeraseregions != 0) {
514 * Some flashes have several erase regions. Different regions
515 * may have different eraseblock size and other
516 * characteristics. It looks like mostly multi-region flashes
517 * have one "main" region and one or more small regions to
518 * store boot loader code or boot parameters or whatever. I
519 * guess we should just pick the largest region. But this is
522 ubi_err("multiple regions, not implemented");
526 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset < 0)
530 * Note, in this implementation we support MTD devices with 0x7FFFFFFF
531 * physical eraseblocks maximum.
534 ubi->peb_size = ubi->mtd->erasesize;
535 ubi->peb_count = ubi->mtd->size / ubi->mtd->erasesize;
536 ubi->flash_size = ubi->mtd->size;
538 if (ubi->mtd->block_isbad && ubi->mtd->block_markbad)
539 ubi->bad_allowed = 1;
541 ubi->min_io_size = ubi->mtd->writesize;
542 ubi->hdrs_min_io_size = ubi->mtd->writesize >> ubi->mtd->subpage_sft;
545 * Make sure minimal I/O unit is power of 2. Note, there is no
546 * fundamental reason for this assumption. It is just an optimization
547 * which allows us to avoid costly division operations.
549 if (!is_power_of_2(ubi->min_io_size)) {
550 ubi_err("min. I/O unit (%d) is not power of 2",
555 ubi_assert(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size > 0);
556 ubi_assert(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size <= ubi->min_io_size);
557 ubi_assert(ubi->min_io_size % ubi->hdrs_min_io_size == 0);
559 /* Calculate default aligned sizes of EC and VID headers */
560 ubi->ec_hdr_alsize = ALIGN(UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
561 ubi->vid_hdr_alsize = ALIGN(UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE, ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
563 dbg_msg("min_io_size %d", ubi->min_io_size);
564 dbg_msg("hdrs_min_io_size %d", ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
565 dbg_msg("ec_hdr_alsize %d", ubi->ec_hdr_alsize);
566 dbg_msg("vid_hdr_alsize %d", ubi->vid_hdr_alsize);
568 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset == 0)
570 ubi->vid_hdr_offset = ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset =
573 ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset = ubi->vid_hdr_offset &
574 ~(ubi->hdrs_min_io_size - 1);
575 ubi->vid_hdr_shift = ubi->vid_hdr_offset -
576 ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset;
579 /* Similar for the data offset */
580 ubi->leb_start = ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE;
581 ubi->leb_start = ALIGN(ubi->leb_start, ubi->min_io_size);
583 dbg_msg("vid_hdr_offset %d", ubi->vid_hdr_offset);
584 dbg_msg("vid_hdr_aloffset %d", ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset);
585 dbg_msg("vid_hdr_shift %d", ubi->vid_hdr_shift);
586 dbg_msg("leb_start %d", ubi->leb_start);
588 /* The shift must be aligned to 32-bit boundary */
589 if (ubi->vid_hdr_shift % 4) {
590 ubi_err("unaligned VID header shift %d",
596 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset < UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE ||
597 ubi->leb_start < ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE ||
598 ubi->leb_start > ubi->peb_size - UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE ||
599 ubi->leb_start & (ubi->min_io_size - 1)) {
600 ubi_err("bad VID header (%d) or data offsets (%d)",
601 ubi->vid_hdr_offset, ubi->leb_start);
606 * It may happen that EC and VID headers are situated in one minimal
607 * I/O unit. In this case we can only accept this UBI image in
610 if (ubi->vid_hdr_offset + UBI_VID_HDR_SIZE <= ubi->hdrs_min_io_size) {
611 ubi_warn("EC and VID headers are in the same minimal I/O unit, "
612 "switch to read-only mode");
616 ubi->leb_size = ubi->peb_size - ubi->leb_start;
618 if (!(ubi->mtd->flags & MTD_WRITEABLE)) {
619 ubi_msg("MTD device %d is write-protected, attach in "
620 "read-only mode", ubi->mtd->index);
624 ubi_msg("physical eraseblock size: %d bytes (%d KiB)",
625 ubi->peb_size, ubi->peb_size >> 10);
626 ubi_msg("logical eraseblock size: %d bytes", ubi->leb_size);
627 ubi_msg("smallest flash I/O unit: %d", ubi->min_io_size);
628 if (ubi->hdrs_min_io_size != ubi->min_io_size)
629 ubi_msg("sub-page size: %d",
630 ubi->hdrs_min_io_size);
631 ubi_msg("VID header offset: %d (aligned %d)",
632 ubi->vid_hdr_offset, ubi->vid_hdr_aloffset);
633 ubi_msg("data offset: %d", ubi->leb_start);
636 * Note, ideally, we have to initialize ubi->bad_peb_count here. But
637 * unfortunately, MTD does not provide this information. We should loop
638 * over all physical eraseblocks and invoke mtd->block_is_bad() for
639 * each physical eraseblock. So, we skip ubi->bad_peb_count
640 * uninitialized and initialize it after scanning.
647 * autoresize - re-size the volume which has the "auto-resize" flag set.
648 * @ubi: UBI device description object
649 * @vol_id: ID of the volume to re-size
651 * This function re-sizes the volume marked by the @UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG in
652 * the volume table to the largest possible size. See comments in ubi-header.h
653 * for more description of the flag. Returns zero in case of success and a
654 * negative error code in case of failure.
656 static int autoresize(struct ubi_device *ubi, int vol_id)
658 struct ubi_volume_desc desc;
659 struct ubi_volume *vol = ubi->volumes[vol_id];
660 int err, old_reserved_pebs = vol->reserved_pebs;
663 * Clear the auto-resize flag in the volume in-memory copy of the
664 * volume table, and 'ubi_resize_volume()' will propogate this change
667 ubi->vtbl[vol_id].flags &= ~UBI_VTBL_AUTORESIZE_FLG;
669 if (ubi->avail_pebs == 0) {
670 struct ubi_vtbl_record vtbl_rec;
673 * No avalilable PEBs to re-size the volume, clear the flag on
676 memcpy(&vtbl_rec, &ubi->vtbl[vol_id],
677 sizeof(struct ubi_vtbl_record));
678 err = ubi_change_vtbl_record(ubi, vol_id, &vtbl_rec);
680 ubi_err("cannot clean auto-resize flag for volume %d",
684 err = ubi_resize_volume(&desc,
685 old_reserved_pebs + ubi->avail_pebs);
687 ubi_err("cannot auto-resize volume %d", vol_id);
693 ubi_msg("volume %d (\"%s\") re-sized from %d to %d LEBs", vol_id,
694 vol->name, old_reserved_pebs, vol->reserved_pebs);
699 * ubi_attach_mtd_dev - attach an MTD device.
700 * @mtd_dev: MTD device description object
701 * @ubi_num: number to assign to the new UBI device
702 * @vid_hdr_offset: VID header offset
704 * This function attaches MTD device @mtd_dev to UBI and assign @ubi_num number
705 * to the newly created UBI device, unless @ubi_num is %UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO, in
706 * which case this function finds a vacant device nubert and assings it
707 * automatically. Returns the new UBI device number in case of success and a
708 * negative error code in case of failure.
710 * Note, the invocations of this function has to be serialized by the
711 * @ubi_devices_mutex.
713 int ubi_attach_mtd_dev(struct mtd_info *mtd, int ubi_num, int vid_hdr_offset)
715 struct ubi_device *ubi;
719 * Check if we already have the same MTD device attached.
721 * Note, this function assumes that UBI devices creations and deletions
722 * are serialized, so it does not take the &ubi_devices_lock.
724 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
725 ubi = ubi_devices[i];
726 if (ubi && mtd->index == ubi->mtd->index) {
727 dbg_err("mtd%d is already attached to ubi%d",
734 * Make sure this MTD device is not emulated on top of an UBI volume
735 * already. Well, generally this recursion works fine, but there are
736 * different problems like the UBI module takes a reference to itself
737 * by attaching (and thus, opening) the emulated MTD device. This
738 * results in inability to unload the module. And in general it makes
739 * no sense to attach emulated MTD devices, so we prohibit this.
741 if (mtd->type == MTD_UBIVOLUME) {
742 ubi_err("refuse attaching mtd%d - it is already emulated on "
743 "top of UBI", mtd->index);
747 if (ubi_num == UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO) {
748 /* Search for an empty slot in the @ubi_devices array */
749 for (ubi_num = 0; ubi_num < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; ubi_num++)
750 if (!ubi_devices[ubi_num])
752 if (ubi_num == UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
753 dbg_err("only %d UBI devices may be created", UBI_MAX_DEVICES);
757 if (ubi_num >= UBI_MAX_DEVICES)
760 /* Make sure ubi_num is not busy */
761 if (ubi_devices[ubi_num]) {
762 dbg_err("ubi%d already exists", ubi_num);
767 ubi = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_device), GFP_KERNEL);
772 ubi->ubi_num = ubi_num;
773 ubi->vid_hdr_offset = vid_hdr_offset;
774 ubi->autoresize_vol_id = -1;
776 mutex_init(&ubi->buf_mutex);
777 mutex_init(&ubi->ckvol_mutex);
778 mutex_init(&ubi->volumes_mutex);
779 spin_lock_init(&ubi->volumes_lock);
781 ubi_msg("attaching mtd%d to ubi%d", mtd->index, ubi_num);
787 ubi->peb_buf1 = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
791 ubi->peb_buf2 = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
795 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_DEBUG
796 mutex_init(&ubi->dbg_buf_mutex);
797 ubi->dbg_peb_buf = vmalloc(ubi->peb_size);
798 if (!ubi->dbg_peb_buf)
802 err = attach_by_scanning(ubi);
804 dbg_err("failed to attach by scanning, error %d", err);
808 if (ubi->autoresize_vol_id != -1) {
809 err = autoresize(ubi, ubi->autoresize_vol_id);
818 ubi->bgt_thread = kthread_create(ubi_thread, ubi, ubi->bgt_name);
819 if (IS_ERR(ubi->bgt_thread)) {
820 err = PTR_ERR(ubi->bgt_thread);
821 ubi_err("cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d", ubi->bgt_name,
826 ubi_msg("attached mtd%d to ubi%d", mtd->index, ubi_num);
827 ubi_msg("MTD device name: \"%s\"", mtd->name);
828 ubi_msg("MTD device size: %llu MiB", ubi->flash_size >> 20);
829 ubi_msg("number of good PEBs: %d", ubi->good_peb_count);
830 ubi_msg("number of bad PEBs: %d", ubi->bad_peb_count);
831 ubi_msg("max. allowed volumes: %d", ubi->vtbl_slots);
832 ubi_msg("wear-leveling threshold: %d", CONFIG_MTD_UBI_WL_THRESHOLD);
833 ubi_msg("number of internal volumes: %d", UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT);
834 ubi_msg("number of user volumes: %d",
835 ubi->vol_count - UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT);
836 ubi_msg("available PEBs: %d", ubi->avail_pebs);
837 ubi_msg("total number of reserved PEBs: %d", ubi->rsvd_pebs);
838 ubi_msg("number of PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: %d",
840 ubi_msg("max/mean erase counter: %d/%d", ubi->max_ec, ubi->mean_ec);
842 /* Enable the background thread */
843 if (!DBG_DISABLE_BGT) {
844 ubi->thread_enabled = 1;
845 wake_up_process(ubi->bgt_thread);
848 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = ubi;
858 vfree(ubi->peb_buf1);
859 vfree(ubi->peb_buf2);
860 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_DEBUG
861 vfree(ubi->dbg_peb_buf);
868 * ubi_detach_mtd_dev - detach an MTD device.
869 * @ubi_num: UBI device number to detach from
870 * @anyway: detach MTD even if device reference count is not zero
872 * This function destroys an UBI device number @ubi_num and detaches the
873 * underlying MTD device. Returns zero in case of success and %-EBUSY if the
874 * UBI device is busy and cannot be destroyed, and %-EINVAL if it does not
877 * Note, the invocations of this function has to be serialized by the
878 * @ubi_devices_mutex.
880 int ubi_detach_mtd_dev(int ubi_num, int anyway)
882 struct ubi_device *ubi;
884 if (ubi_num < 0 || ubi_num >= UBI_MAX_DEVICES)
887 spin_lock(&ubi_devices_lock);
888 ubi = ubi_devices[ubi_num];
890 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
894 if (ubi->ref_count) {
896 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
899 /* This may only happen if there is a bug */
900 ubi_err("%s reference count %d, destroy anyway",
901 ubi->ubi_name, ubi->ref_count);
903 ubi_devices[ubi_num] = NULL;
904 spin_unlock(&ubi_devices_lock);
906 ubi_assert(ubi_num == ubi->ubi_num);
907 dbg_msg("detaching mtd%d from ubi%d", ubi->mtd->index, ubi_num);
910 * Before freeing anything, we have to stop the background thread to
911 * prevent it from doing anything on this device while we are freeing.
914 kthread_stop(ubi->bgt_thread);
920 put_mtd_device(ubi->mtd);
921 vfree(ubi->peb_buf1);
922 vfree(ubi->peb_buf2);
923 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_DEBUG
924 vfree(ubi->dbg_peb_buf);
926 ubi_msg("mtd%d is detached from ubi%d", ubi->mtd->index, ubi->ubi_num);
932 * find_mtd_device - open an MTD device by its name or number.
933 * @mtd_dev: name or number of the device
935 * This function tries to open and MTD device described by @mtd_dev string,
936 * which is first treated as an ASCII number, and if it is not true, it is
937 * treated as MTD device name. Returns MTD device description object in case of
938 * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
940 static struct mtd_info * __init open_mtd_device(const char *mtd_dev)
942 struct mtd_info *mtd;
946 mtd_num = simple_strtoul(mtd_dev, &endp, 0);
947 if (*endp != '\0' || mtd_dev == endp) {
949 * This does not look like an ASCII integer, probably this is
952 mtd = get_mtd_device_nm(mtd_dev);
954 mtd = get_mtd_device(NULL, mtd_num);
959 int __init ubi_init(void)
963 /* Ensure that EC and VID headers have correct size */
964 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubi_ec_hdr) != 64);
965 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubi_vid_hdr) != 64);
967 if (mtd_devs > UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
968 ubi_err("too many MTD devices, maximum is %d", UBI_MAX_DEVICES);
972 /* Create base sysfs directory and sysfs files */
973 ubi_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, UBI_NAME_STR);
974 if (IS_ERR(ubi_class)) {
975 err = PTR_ERR(ubi_class);
976 ubi_err("cannot create UBI class");
980 err = class_create_file(ubi_class, &ubi_version);
982 ubi_err("cannot create sysfs file");
986 err = misc_register(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
988 ubi_err("cannot register device");
993 ubi_wl_entry_slab = kmem_cache_create("ubi_wl_entry_slab",
994 sizeof(struct ubi_wl_entry),
996 if (!ubi_wl_entry_slab)
1000 /* Attach MTD devices */
1001 for (i = 0; i < mtd_devs; i++) {
1002 struct mtd_dev_param *p = &mtd_dev_param[i];
1003 struct mtd_info *mtd;
1007 mtd = open_mtd_device(p->name);
1013 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1014 err = ubi_attach_mtd_dev(mtd, UBI_DEV_NUM_AUTO,
1016 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1018 put_mtd_device(mtd);
1019 ubi_err("cannot attach mtd%d", mtd->index);
1027 for (k = 0; k < i; k++)
1028 if (ubi_devices[k]) {
1029 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1030 ubi_detach_mtd_dev(ubi_devices[k]->ubi_num, 1);
1031 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1034 kmem_cache_destroy(ubi_wl_entry_slab);
1037 misc_deregister(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1039 class_remove_file(ubi_class, &ubi_version);
1041 class_destroy(ubi_class);
1043 ubi_err("UBI error: cannot initialize UBI, error %d", err);
1046 module_init(ubi_init);
1048 void __exit ubi_exit(void)
1052 for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_DEVICES; i++)
1053 if (ubi_devices[i]) {
1054 mutex_lock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1055 ubi_detach_mtd_dev(ubi_devices[i]->ubi_num, 1);
1056 mutex_unlock(&ubi_devices_mutex);
1058 kmem_cache_destroy(ubi_wl_entry_slab);
1059 misc_deregister(&ubi_ctrl_cdev);
1060 class_remove_file(ubi_class, &ubi_version);
1061 class_destroy(ubi_class);
1063 module_exit(ubi_exit);
1066 * bytes_str_to_int - convert a string representing number of bytes to an
1068 * @str: the string to convert
1070 * This function returns positive resulting integer in case of success and a
1071 * negative error code in case of failure.
1073 static int __init bytes_str_to_int(const char *str)
1076 unsigned long result;
1078 result = simple_strtoul(str, &endp, 0);
1079 if (str == endp || result < 0) {
1080 printk(KERN_ERR "UBI error: incorrect bytes count: \"%s\"\n",
1092 if (endp[1] == 'i' && endp[2] == 'B')
1097 printk(KERN_ERR "UBI error: incorrect bytes count: \"%s\"\n",
1106 * ubi_mtd_param_parse - parse the 'mtd=' UBI parameter.
1107 * @val: the parameter value to parse
1110 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
1113 int __init ubi_mtd_param_parse(const char *val, struct kernel_param *kp)
1116 struct mtd_dev_param *p;
1117 char buf[MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX];
1118 char *pbuf = &buf[0];
1119 char *tokens[2] = {NULL, NULL};
1124 if (mtd_devs == UBI_MAX_DEVICES) {
1125 printk(KERN_ERR "UBI error: too many parameters, max. is %d\n",
1130 len = strnlen(val, MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX);
1131 if (len == MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX) {
1132 printk(KERN_ERR "UBI error: parameter \"%s\" is too long, "
1133 "max. is %d\n", val, MTD_PARAM_LEN_MAX);
1138 printk(KERN_WARNING "UBI warning: empty 'mtd=' parameter - "
1145 /* Get rid of the final newline */
1146 if (buf[len - 1] == '\n')
1147 buf[len - 1] = '\0';
1149 for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
1150 tokens[i] = strsep(&pbuf, ",");
1153 printk(KERN_ERR "UBI error: too many arguments at \"%s\"\n",
1158 p = &mtd_dev_param[mtd_devs];
1159 strcpy(&p->name[0], tokens[0]);
1162 p->vid_hdr_offs = bytes_str_to_int(tokens[1]);
1164 if (p->vid_hdr_offs < 0)
1165 return p->vid_hdr_offs;
1171 module_param_call(mtd, ubi_mtd_param_parse, NULL, NULL, 000);
1172 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mtd, "MTD devices to attach. Parameter format: "
1173 "mtd=<name|num>[,<vid_hdr_offs>].\n"
1174 "Multiple \"mtd\" parameters may be specified.\n"
1175 "MTD devices may be specified by their number or name.\n"
1176 "Optional \"vid_hdr_offs\" parameter specifies UBI VID "
1177 "header position and data starting position to be used "
1179 "Example: mtd=content,1984 mtd=4 - attach MTD device"
1180 "with name \"content\" using VID header offset 1984, and "
1181 "MTD device number 4 with default VID header offset.");
1183 MODULE_VERSION(__stringify(UBI_VERSION));
1184 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UBI - Unsorted Block Images");
1185 MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy");
1186 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");