3 * Bad block table support for the NAND driver
5 * Copyright © 2004 Thomas Gleixner (tglx@linutronix.de)
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
13 * When nand_scan_bbt is called, then it tries to find the bad block table
14 * depending on the options in the BBT descriptor(s). If no flash based BBT
15 * (NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH) is specified then the device is scanned for factory
16 * marked good / bad blocks. This information is used to create a memory BBT.
17 * Once a new bad block is discovered then the "factory" information is updated
19 * If a flash based BBT is specified then the function first tries to find the
20 * BBT on flash. If a BBT is found then the contents are read and the memory
21 * based BBT is created. If a mirrored BBT is selected then the mirror is
22 * searched too and the versions are compared. If the mirror has a greater
23 * version number, then the mirror BBT is used to build the memory based BBT.
24 * If the tables are not versioned, then we "or" the bad block information.
25 * If one of the BBTs is out of date or does not exist it is (re)created.
26 * If no BBT exists at all then the device is scanned for factory marked
27 * good / bad blocks and the bad block tables are created.
29 * For manufacturer created BBTs like the one found on M-SYS DOC devices
30 * the BBT is searched and read but never created
32 * The auto generated bad block table is located in the last good blocks
33 * of the device. The table is mirrored, so it can be updated eventually.
34 * The table is marked in the OOB area with an ident pattern and a version
35 * number which indicates which of both tables is more up to date. If the NAND
36 * controller needs the complete OOB area for the ECC information then the
37 * option NAND_BBT_NO_OOB should be used (along with NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH, of
38 * course): it moves the ident pattern and the version byte into the data area
39 * and the OOB area will remain untouched.
41 * The table uses 2 bits per block
43 * 00b: block is factory marked bad
44 * 01b, 10b: block is marked bad due to wear
46 * The memory bad block table uses the following scheme:
48 * 01b: block is marked bad due to wear
49 * 10b: block is reserved (to protect the bbt area)
50 * 11b: block is factory marked bad
52 * Multichip devices like DOC store the bad block info per floor.
54 * Following assumptions are made:
55 * - bbts start at a page boundary, if autolocated on a block boundary
56 * - the space necessary for a bbt in FLASH does not exceed a block boundary
63 #include <dm/devres.h>
64 #include <linux/bug.h>
65 #include <linux/compat.h>
66 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
67 #include <linux/mtd/bbm.h>
68 #include <linux/mtd/rawnand.h>
69 #include <linux/bitops.h>
70 #include <linux/string.h>
72 #define BBT_BLOCK_GOOD 0x00
73 #define BBT_BLOCK_WORN 0x01
74 #define BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED 0x02
75 #define BBT_BLOCK_FACTORY_BAD 0x03
77 #define BBT_ENTRY_MASK 0x03
78 #define BBT_ENTRY_SHIFT 2
80 static int nand_update_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs);
82 static inline uint8_t bbt_get_entry(struct nand_chip *chip, int block)
84 uint8_t entry = chip->bbt[block >> BBT_ENTRY_SHIFT];
85 entry >>= (block & BBT_ENTRY_MASK) * 2;
86 return entry & BBT_ENTRY_MASK;
89 static inline void bbt_mark_entry(struct nand_chip *chip, int block,
92 uint8_t msk = (mark & BBT_ENTRY_MASK) << ((block & BBT_ENTRY_MASK) * 2);
93 chip->bbt[block >> BBT_ENTRY_SHIFT] |= msk;
96 static int check_pattern_no_oob(uint8_t *buf, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
98 if (memcmp(buf, td->pattern, td->len))
104 * check_pattern - [GENERIC] check if a pattern is in the buffer
105 * @buf: the buffer to search
106 * @len: the length of buffer to search
107 * @paglen: the pagelength
108 * @td: search pattern descriptor
110 * Check for a pattern at the given place. Used to search bad block tables and
111 * good / bad block identifiers.
113 static int check_pattern(uint8_t *buf, int len, int paglen, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
115 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB)
116 return check_pattern_no_oob(buf, td);
118 /* Compare the pattern */
119 if (memcmp(buf + paglen + td->offs, td->pattern, td->len))
126 * check_short_pattern - [GENERIC] check if a pattern is in the buffer
127 * @buf: the buffer to search
128 * @td: search pattern descriptor
130 * Check for a pattern at the given place. Used to search bad block tables and
131 * good / bad block identifiers. Same as check_pattern, but no optional empty
134 static int check_short_pattern(uint8_t *buf, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
136 /* Compare the pattern */
137 if (memcmp(buf + td->offs, td->pattern, td->len))
143 * add_marker_len - compute the length of the marker in data area
144 * @td: BBT descriptor used for computation
146 * The length will be 0 if the marker is located in OOB area.
148 static u32 add_marker_len(struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
152 if (!(td->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB))
156 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)
162 * read_bbt - [GENERIC] Read the bad block table starting from page
163 * @mtd: MTD device structure
164 * @buf: temporary buffer
165 * @page: the starting page
166 * @num: the number of bbt descriptors to read
167 * @td: the bbt describtion table
168 * @offs: block number offset in the table
170 * Read the bad block table starting from page.
172 static int read_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, int page, int num,
173 struct nand_bbt_descr *td, int offs)
175 int res, ret = 0, i, j, act = 0;
176 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
177 size_t retlen, len, totlen;
179 int bits = td->options & NAND_BBT_NRBITS_MSK;
180 uint8_t msk = (uint8_t)((1 << bits) - 1);
182 int reserved_block_code = td->reserved_block_code;
184 totlen = (num * bits) >> 3;
185 marker_len = add_marker_len(td);
186 from = ((loff_t)page) << this->page_shift;
189 len = min(totlen, (size_t)(1 << this->bbt_erase_shift));
192 * In case the BBT marker is not in the OOB area it
193 * will be just in the first page.
199 res = mtd_read(mtd, from, len, &retlen, buf);
201 if (mtd_is_eccerr(res)) {
202 pr_info("nand_bbt: ECC error in BBT at 0x%012llx\n",
203 from & ~mtd->writesize);
205 } else if (mtd_is_bitflip(res)) {
206 pr_info("nand_bbt: corrected error in BBT at 0x%012llx\n",
207 from & ~mtd->writesize);
210 pr_info("nand_bbt: error reading BBT\n");
216 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
217 uint8_t dat = buf[i];
218 for (j = 0; j < 8; j += bits, act++) {
219 uint8_t tmp = (dat >> j) & msk;
222 if (reserved_block_code && (tmp == reserved_block_code)) {
223 pr_info("nand_read_bbt: reserved block at 0x%012llx\n",
224 (loff_t)(offs + act) <<
225 this->bbt_erase_shift);
226 bbt_mark_entry(this, offs + act,
228 mtd->ecc_stats.bbtblocks++;
232 * Leave it for now, if it's matured we can
233 * move this message to pr_debug.
235 pr_info("nand_read_bbt: bad block at 0x%012llx\n",
236 (loff_t)(offs + act) <<
237 this->bbt_erase_shift);
238 /* Factory marked bad or worn out? */
240 bbt_mark_entry(this, offs + act,
241 BBT_BLOCK_FACTORY_BAD);
243 bbt_mark_entry(this, offs + act,
245 mtd->ecc_stats.badblocks++;
255 * read_abs_bbt - [GENERIC] Read the bad block table starting at a given page
256 * @mtd: MTD device structure
257 * @buf: temporary buffer
258 * @td: descriptor for the bad block table
259 * @chip: read the table for a specific chip, -1 read all chips; applies only if
260 * NAND_BBT_PERCHIP option is set
262 * Read the bad block table for all chips starting at a given page. We assume
263 * that the bbt bits are in consecutive order.
265 static int read_abs_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, struct nand_bbt_descr *td, int chip)
267 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
270 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP) {
272 for (i = 0; i < this->numchips; i++) {
273 if (chip == -1 || chip == i)
274 res = read_bbt(mtd, buf, td->pages[i],
275 this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift,
279 offs += this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
282 res = read_bbt(mtd, buf, td->pages[0],
283 mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift, td, 0);
290 /* BBT marker is in the first page, no OOB */
291 static int scan_read_data(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, loff_t offs,
292 struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
298 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)
301 return mtd_read(mtd, offs, len, &retlen, buf);
305 * scan_read_oob - [GENERIC] Scan data+OOB region to buffer
306 * @mtd: MTD device structure
307 * @buf: temporary buffer
308 * @offs: offset at which to scan
309 * @len: length of data region to read
311 * Scan read data from data+OOB. May traverse multiple pages, interleaving
312 * page,OOB,page,OOB,... in buf. Completes transfer and returns the "strongest"
313 * ECC condition (error or bitflip). May quit on the first (non-ECC) error.
315 static int scan_read_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, loff_t offs,
318 struct mtd_oob_ops ops;
321 ops.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB;
323 ops.ooblen = mtd->oobsize;
327 ops.len = min(len, (size_t)mtd->writesize);
328 ops.oobbuf = buf + ops.len;
330 res = mtd_read_oob(mtd, offs, &ops);
332 if (!mtd_is_bitflip_or_eccerr(res))
334 else if (mtd_is_eccerr(res) || !ret)
338 buf += mtd->oobsize + mtd->writesize;
339 len -= mtd->writesize;
340 offs += mtd->writesize;
345 static int scan_read(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, loff_t offs,
346 size_t len, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
348 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB)
349 return scan_read_data(mtd, buf, offs, td);
351 return scan_read_oob(mtd, buf, offs, len);
354 /* Scan write data with oob to flash */
355 static int scan_write_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs, size_t len,
356 uint8_t *buf, uint8_t *oob)
358 struct mtd_oob_ops ops;
360 ops.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB;
362 ops.ooblen = mtd->oobsize;
367 return mtd_write_oob(mtd, offs, &ops);
370 static u32 bbt_get_ver_offs(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
372 u32 ver_offs = td->veroffs;
374 if (!(td->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB))
375 ver_offs += mtd->writesize;
380 * read_abs_bbts - [GENERIC] Read the bad block table(s) for all chips starting at a given page
381 * @mtd: MTD device structure
382 * @buf: temporary buffer
383 * @td: descriptor for the bad block table
384 * @md: descriptor for the bad block table mirror
386 * Read the bad block table(s) for all chips starting at a given page. We
387 * assume that the bbt bits are in consecutive order.
389 static void read_abs_bbts(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf,
390 struct nand_bbt_descr *td, struct nand_bbt_descr *md)
392 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
394 /* Read the primary version, if available */
395 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION) {
396 scan_read(mtd, buf, (loff_t)td->pages[0] << this->page_shift,
398 td->version[0] = buf[bbt_get_ver_offs(mtd, td)];
399 pr_info("Bad block table at page %d, version 0x%02X\n",
400 td->pages[0], td->version[0]);
403 /* Read the mirror version, if available */
404 if (md && (md->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)) {
405 scan_read(mtd, buf, (loff_t)md->pages[0] << this->page_shift,
407 md->version[0] = buf[bbt_get_ver_offs(mtd, md)];
408 pr_info("Bad block table at page %d, version 0x%02X\n",
409 md->pages[0], md->version[0]);
413 /* Scan a given block partially */
414 static int scan_block_fast(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_bbt_descr *bd,
415 loff_t offs, uint8_t *buf, int numpages)
417 struct mtd_oob_ops ops;
420 ops.ooblen = mtd->oobsize;
424 ops.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB;
426 for (j = 0; j < numpages; j++) {
428 * Read the full oob until read_oob is fixed to handle single
429 * byte reads for 16 bit buswidth.
431 ret = mtd_read_oob(mtd, offs, &ops);
432 /* Ignore ECC errors when checking for BBM */
433 if (ret && !mtd_is_bitflip_or_eccerr(ret))
436 if (check_short_pattern(buf, bd))
439 offs += mtd->writesize;
445 * create_bbt - [GENERIC] Create a bad block table by scanning the device
446 * @mtd: MTD device structure
447 * @buf: temporary buffer
448 * @bd: descriptor for the good/bad block search pattern
449 * @chip: create the table for a specific chip, -1 read all chips; applies only
450 * if NAND_BBT_PERCHIP option is set
452 * Create a bad block table by scanning the device for the given good/bad block
455 static int create_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf,
456 struct nand_bbt_descr *bd, int chip)
458 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
459 int i, numblocks, numpages;
463 pr_info("Scanning device for bad blocks\n");
465 if (bd->options & NAND_BBT_SCAN2NDPAGE)
471 numblocks = mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
475 if (chip >= this->numchips) {
476 pr_warn("create_bbt(): chipnr (%d) > available chips (%d)\n",
477 chip + 1, this->numchips);
480 numblocks = this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
481 startblock = chip * numblocks;
482 numblocks += startblock;
483 from = (loff_t)startblock << this->bbt_erase_shift;
486 if (this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_SCANLASTPAGE)
487 from += mtd->erasesize - (mtd->writesize * numpages);
489 for (i = startblock; i < numblocks; i++) {
492 BUG_ON(bd->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB);
494 ret = scan_block_fast(mtd, bd, from, buf, numpages);
499 bbt_mark_entry(this, i, BBT_BLOCK_FACTORY_BAD);
500 pr_warn("Bad eraseblock %d at 0x%012llx\n",
501 i, (unsigned long long)from);
502 mtd->ecc_stats.badblocks++;
505 from += (1 << this->bbt_erase_shift);
511 * search_bbt - [GENERIC] scan the device for a specific bad block table
512 * @mtd: MTD device structure
513 * @buf: temporary buffer
514 * @td: descriptor for the bad block table
516 * Read the bad block table by searching for a given ident pattern. Search is
517 * preformed either from the beginning up or from the end of the device
518 * downwards. The search starts always at the start of a block. If the option
519 * NAND_BBT_PERCHIP is given, each chip is searched for a bbt, which contains
520 * the bad block information of this chip. This is necessary to provide support
521 * for certain DOC devices.
523 * The bbt ident pattern resides in the oob area of the first page in a block.
525 static int search_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
527 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
529 int startblock, block, dir;
530 int scanlen = mtd->writesize + mtd->oobsize;
532 int blocktopage = this->bbt_erase_shift - this->page_shift;
534 /* Search direction top -> down? */
535 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK) {
536 startblock = (mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift) - 1;
543 /* Do we have a bbt per chip? */
544 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP) {
545 chips = this->numchips;
546 bbtblocks = this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
547 startblock &= bbtblocks - 1;
550 bbtblocks = mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
553 for (i = 0; i < chips; i++) {
554 /* Reset version information */
557 /* Scan the maximum number of blocks */
558 for (block = 0; block < td->maxblocks; block++) {
560 int actblock = startblock + dir * block;
561 loff_t offs = (loff_t)actblock << this->bbt_erase_shift;
563 /* Read first page */
564 scan_read(mtd, buf, offs, mtd->writesize, td);
565 if (!check_pattern(buf, scanlen, mtd->writesize, td)) {
566 td->pages[i] = actblock << blocktopage;
567 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION) {
568 offs = bbt_get_ver_offs(mtd, td);
569 td->version[i] = buf[offs];
574 startblock += this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
576 /* Check, if we found a bbt for each requested chip */
577 for (i = 0; i < chips; i++) {
578 if (td->pages[i] == -1)
579 pr_warn("Bad block table not found for chip %d\n", i);
581 pr_info("Bad block table found at page %d, version 0x%02X\n",
582 td->pages[i], td->version[i]);
588 * search_read_bbts - [GENERIC] scan the device for bad block table(s)
589 * @mtd: MTD device structure
590 * @buf: temporary buffer
591 * @td: descriptor for the bad block table
592 * @md: descriptor for the bad block table mirror
594 * Search and read the bad block table(s).
596 static void search_read_bbts(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf,
597 struct nand_bbt_descr *td,
598 struct nand_bbt_descr *md)
600 /* Search the primary table */
601 search_bbt(mtd, buf, td);
603 /* Search the mirror table */
605 search_bbt(mtd, buf, md);
609 * write_bbt - [GENERIC] (Re)write the bad block table
610 * @mtd: MTD device structure
611 * @buf: temporary buffer
612 * @td: descriptor for the bad block table
613 * @md: descriptor for the bad block table mirror
614 * @chipsel: selector for a specific chip, -1 for all
616 * (Re)write the bad block table.
618 static int write_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf,
619 struct nand_bbt_descr *td, struct nand_bbt_descr *md,
622 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
623 struct erase_info einfo;
624 int i, res, chip = 0;
625 int bits, startblock, dir, page, offs, numblocks, sft, sftmsk;
626 int nrchips, pageoffs, ooboffs;
628 uint8_t rcode = td->reserved_block_code;
629 size_t retlen, len = 0;
631 struct mtd_oob_ops ops;
633 ops.ooblen = mtd->oobsize;
636 ops.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB;
640 /* Write bad block table per chip rather than per device? */
641 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP) {
642 numblocks = (int)(this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
643 /* Full device write or specific chip? */
645 nrchips = this->numchips;
647 nrchips = chipsel + 1;
651 numblocks = (int)(mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
655 /* Loop through the chips */
656 for (; chip < nrchips; chip++) {
658 * There was already a version of the table, reuse the page
659 * This applies for absolute placement too, as we have the
660 * page nr. in td->pages.
662 if (td->pages[chip] != -1) {
663 page = td->pages[chip];
668 * Automatic placement of the bad block table. Search direction
671 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK) {
672 startblock = numblocks * (chip + 1) - 1;
675 startblock = chip * numblocks;
679 for (i = 0; i < td->maxblocks; i++) {
680 int block = startblock + dir * i;
681 /* Check, if the block is bad */
682 switch (bbt_get_entry(this, block)) {
684 case BBT_BLOCK_FACTORY_BAD:
688 (this->bbt_erase_shift - this->page_shift);
689 /* Check, if the block is used by the mirror table */
690 if (!md || md->pages[chip] != page)
693 pr_err("No space left to write bad block table\n");
697 /* Set up shift count and masks for the flash table */
698 bits = td->options & NAND_BBT_NRBITS_MSK;
701 case 1: sft = 3; sftmsk = 0x07; msk[0] = 0x00; msk[1] = 0x01;
704 case 2: sft = 2; sftmsk = 0x06; msk[0] = 0x00; msk[1] = 0x01;
707 case 4: sft = 1; sftmsk = 0x04; msk[0] = 0x00; msk[1] = 0x0C;
710 case 8: sft = 0; sftmsk = 0x00; msk[0] = 0x00; msk[1] = 0x0F;
713 default: return -EINVAL;
716 to = ((loff_t)page) << this->page_shift;
718 /* Must we save the block contents? */
719 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_SAVECONTENT) {
720 /* Make it block aligned */
721 to &= ~(((loff_t)1 << this->bbt_erase_shift) - 1);
722 len = 1 << this->bbt_erase_shift;
723 res = mtd_read(mtd, to, len, &retlen, buf);
726 pr_info("nand_bbt: error reading block for writing the bad block table\n");
729 pr_warn("nand_bbt: ECC error while reading block for writing bad block table\n");
732 ops.ooblen = (len >> this->page_shift) * mtd->oobsize;
733 ops.oobbuf = &buf[len];
734 res = mtd_read_oob(mtd, to + mtd->writesize, &ops);
735 if (res < 0 || ops.oobretlen != ops.ooblen)
738 /* Calc the byte offset in the buffer */
739 pageoffs = page - (int)(to >> this->page_shift);
740 offs = pageoffs << this->page_shift;
741 /* Preset the bbt area with 0xff */
742 memset(&buf[offs], 0xff, (size_t)(numblocks >> sft));
743 ooboffs = len + (pageoffs * mtd->oobsize);
745 } else if (td->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB) {
748 /* The version byte */
749 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)
752 len = (size_t)(numblocks >> sft);
754 /* Make it page aligned! */
755 len = ALIGN(len, mtd->writesize);
756 /* Preset the buffer with 0xff */
757 memset(buf, 0xff, len);
758 /* Pattern is located at the begin of first page */
759 memcpy(buf, td->pattern, td->len);
762 len = (size_t)(numblocks >> sft);
763 /* Make it page aligned! */
764 len = ALIGN(len, mtd->writesize);
765 /* Preset the buffer with 0xff */
766 memset(buf, 0xff, len +
767 (len >> this->page_shift)* mtd->oobsize);
770 /* Pattern is located in oob area of first page */
771 memcpy(&buf[ooboffs + td->offs], td->pattern, td->len);
774 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)
775 buf[ooboffs + td->veroffs] = td->version[chip];
777 /* Walk through the memory table */
778 for (i = 0; i < numblocks; i++) {
780 int sftcnt = (i << (3 - sft)) & sftmsk;
781 dat = bbt_get_entry(this, chip * numblocks + i);
782 /* Do not store the reserved bbt blocks! */
783 buf[offs + (i >> sft)] &= ~(msk[dat] << sftcnt);
786 memset(&einfo, 0, sizeof(einfo));
789 einfo.len = 1 << this->bbt_erase_shift;
790 res = nand_erase_nand(mtd, &einfo, 1);
794 res = scan_write_bbt(mtd, to, len, buf,
795 td->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB ? NULL :
800 pr_info("Bad block table written to 0x%012llx, version 0x%02X\n",
801 (unsigned long long)to, td->version[chip]);
803 /* Mark it as used */
804 td->pages[chip] = page;
809 pr_warn("nand_bbt: error while writing bad block table %d\n", res);
814 * nand_memory_bbt - [GENERIC] create a memory based bad block table
815 * @mtd: MTD device structure
816 * @bd: descriptor for the good/bad block search pattern
818 * The function creates a memory based bbt by scanning the device for
819 * manufacturer / software marked good / bad blocks.
821 static inline int nand_memory_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_bbt_descr *bd)
823 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
825 return create_bbt(mtd, this->buffers->databuf, bd, -1);
829 * check_create - [GENERIC] create and write bbt(s) if necessary
830 * @mtd: MTD device structure
831 * @buf: temporary buffer
832 * @bd: descriptor for the good/bad block search pattern
834 * The function checks the results of the previous call to read_bbt and creates
835 * / updates the bbt(s) if necessary. Creation is necessary if no bbt was found
836 * for the chip/device. Update is necessary if one of the tables is missing or
837 * the version nr. of one table is less than the other.
839 static int check_create(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, struct nand_bbt_descr *bd)
841 int i, chips, writeops, create, chipsel, res, res2;
842 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
843 struct nand_bbt_descr *td = this->bbt_td;
844 struct nand_bbt_descr *md = this->bbt_md;
845 struct nand_bbt_descr *rd, *rd2;
847 /* Do we have a bbt per chip? */
848 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP)
849 chips = this->numchips;
853 for (i = 0; i < chips; i++) {
859 /* Per chip or per device? */
860 chipsel = (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP) ? i : -1;
861 /* Mirrored table available? */
863 if (td->pages[i] == -1 && md->pages[i] == -1) {
866 } else if (td->pages[i] == -1) {
869 } else if (md->pages[i] == -1) {
872 } else if (td->version[i] == md->version[i]) {
874 if (!(td->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION))
876 } else if (((int8_t)(td->version[i] - md->version[i])) > 0) {
884 if (td->pages[i] == -1) {
893 /* Create the bad block table by scanning the device? */
894 if (!(td->options & NAND_BBT_CREATE))
897 /* Create the table in memory by scanning the chip(s) */
898 if (!(this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_CREATE_EMPTY))
899 create_bbt(mtd, buf, bd, chipsel);
906 /* Read back first? */
908 res = read_abs_bbt(mtd, buf, rd, chipsel);
909 if (mtd_is_eccerr(res)) {
910 /* Mark table as invalid */
917 /* If they weren't versioned, read both */
919 res2 = read_abs_bbt(mtd, buf, rd2, chipsel);
920 if (mtd_is_eccerr(res2)) {
921 /* Mark table as invalid */
929 /* Scrub the flash table(s)? */
930 if (mtd_is_bitflip(res) || mtd_is_bitflip(res2))
933 /* Update version numbers before writing */
935 td->version[i] = max(td->version[i], md->version[i]);
936 md->version[i] = td->version[i];
939 /* Write the bad block table to the device? */
940 if ((writeops & 0x01) && (td->options & NAND_BBT_WRITE)) {
941 res = write_bbt(mtd, buf, td, md, chipsel);
946 /* Write the mirror bad block table to the device? */
947 if ((writeops & 0x02) && md && (md->options & NAND_BBT_WRITE)) {
948 res = write_bbt(mtd, buf, md, td, chipsel);
957 * mark_bbt_regions - [GENERIC] mark the bad block table regions
958 * @mtd: MTD device structure
959 * @td: bad block table descriptor
961 * The bad block table regions are marked as "bad" to prevent accidental
962 * erasures / writes. The regions are identified by the mark 0x02.
964 static void mark_bbt_region(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_bbt_descr *td)
966 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
967 int i, j, chips, block, nrblocks, update;
970 /* Do we have a bbt per chip? */
971 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP) {
972 chips = this->numchips;
973 nrblocks = (int)(this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
976 nrblocks = (int)(mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
979 for (i = 0; i < chips; i++) {
980 if ((td->options & NAND_BBT_ABSPAGE) ||
981 !(td->options & NAND_BBT_WRITE)) {
982 if (td->pages[i] == -1)
984 block = td->pages[i] >> (this->bbt_erase_shift - this->page_shift);
985 oldval = bbt_get_entry(this, block);
986 bbt_mark_entry(this, block, BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED);
987 if ((oldval != BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED) &&
988 td->reserved_block_code)
989 nand_update_bbt(mtd, (loff_t)block <<
990 this->bbt_erase_shift);
994 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK)
995 block = ((i + 1) * nrblocks) - td->maxblocks;
997 block = i * nrblocks;
998 for (j = 0; j < td->maxblocks; j++) {
999 oldval = bbt_get_entry(this, block);
1000 bbt_mark_entry(this, block, BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED);
1001 if (oldval != BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED)
1006 * If we want reserved blocks to be recorded to flash, and some
1007 * new ones have been marked, then we need to update the stored
1008 * bbts. This should only happen once.
1010 if (update && td->reserved_block_code)
1011 nand_update_bbt(mtd, (loff_t)(block - 1) <<
1012 this->bbt_erase_shift);
1017 * verify_bbt_descr - verify the bad block description
1018 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1019 * @bd: the table to verify
1021 * This functions performs a few sanity checks on the bad block description
1024 static void verify_bbt_descr(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_bbt_descr *bd)
1026 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1034 pattern_len = bd->len;
1035 bits = bd->options & NAND_BBT_NRBITS_MSK;
1037 BUG_ON((this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB) &&
1038 !(this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH));
1041 if (bd->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)
1044 if (bd->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB) {
1045 BUG_ON(!(this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH));
1046 BUG_ON(!(this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB));
1048 if (bd->options & NAND_BBT_VERSION)
1049 BUG_ON(bd->veroffs != bd->len);
1050 BUG_ON(bd->options & NAND_BBT_SAVECONTENT);
1053 if (bd->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP)
1054 table_size = this->chipsize >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
1056 table_size = mtd->size >> this->bbt_erase_shift;
1059 if (bd->options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB)
1060 table_size += pattern_len;
1061 BUG_ON(table_size > (1 << this->bbt_erase_shift));
1065 * nand_scan_bbt - [NAND Interface] scan, find, read and maybe create bad block table(s)
1066 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1067 * @bd: descriptor for the good/bad block search pattern
1069 * The function checks, if a bad block table(s) is/are already available. If
1070 * not it scans the device for manufacturer marked good / bad blocks and writes
1071 * the bad block table(s) to the selected place.
1073 * The bad block table memory is allocated here. It must be freed by calling
1074 * the nand_free_bbt function.
1076 static int nand_scan_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_bbt_descr *bd)
1078 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1081 struct nand_bbt_descr *td = this->bbt_td;
1082 struct nand_bbt_descr *md = this->bbt_md;
1084 len = (mtd->size >> (this->bbt_erase_shift + 2)) ? : 1;
1086 * Allocate memory (2bit per block) and clear the memory bad block
1089 this->bbt = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1094 * If no primary table decriptor is given, scan the device to build a
1095 * memory based bad block table.
1098 if ((res = nand_memory_bbt(mtd, bd))) {
1099 pr_err("nand_bbt: can't scan flash and build the RAM-based BBT\n");
1104 verify_bbt_descr(mtd, td);
1105 verify_bbt_descr(mtd, md);
1107 /* Allocate a temporary buffer for one eraseblock incl. oob */
1108 len = (1 << this->bbt_erase_shift);
1109 len += (len >> this->page_shift) * mtd->oobsize;
1116 /* Is the bbt at a given page? */
1117 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_ABSPAGE) {
1118 read_abs_bbts(mtd, buf, td, md);
1120 /* Search the bad block table using a pattern in oob */
1121 search_read_bbts(mtd, buf, td, md);
1124 res = check_create(mtd, buf, bd);
1128 /* Prevent the bbt regions from erasing / writing */
1129 mark_bbt_region(mtd, td);
1131 mark_bbt_region(mtd, md);
1143 * nand_update_bbt - update bad block table(s)
1144 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1145 * @offs: the offset of the newly marked block
1147 * The function updates the bad block table(s).
1149 static int nand_update_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs)
1151 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1155 struct nand_bbt_descr *td = this->bbt_td;
1156 struct nand_bbt_descr *md = this->bbt_md;
1158 if (!this->bbt || !td)
1161 /* Allocate a temporary buffer for one eraseblock incl. oob */
1162 len = (1 << this->bbt_erase_shift);
1163 len += (len >> this->page_shift) * mtd->oobsize;
1164 buf = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1168 /* Do we have a bbt per chip? */
1169 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_PERCHIP) {
1170 chip = (int)(offs >> this->chip_shift);
1177 td->version[chip]++;
1179 md->version[chip]++;
1181 /* Write the bad block table to the device? */
1182 if (td->options & NAND_BBT_WRITE) {
1183 res = write_bbt(mtd, buf, td, md, chipsel);
1187 /* Write the mirror bad block table to the device? */
1188 if (md && (md->options & NAND_BBT_WRITE)) {
1189 res = write_bbt(mtd, buf, md, td, chipsel);
1198 * Define some generic bad / good block scan pattern which are used
1199 * while scanning a device for factory marked good / bad blocks.
1201 static uint8_t scan_ff_pattern[] = { 0xff, 0xff };
1203 /* Generic flash bbt descriptors */
1204 static uint8_t bbt_pattern[] = {'B', 'b', 't', '0' };
1205 static uint8_t mirror_pattern[] = {'1', 't', 'b', 'B' };
1207 static struct nand_bbt_descr bbt_main_descr = {
1208 .options = NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK | NAND_BBT_CREATE | NAND_BBT_WRITE
1209 | NAND_BBT_2BIT | NAND_BBT_VERSION | NAND_BBT_PERCHIP,
1213 .maxblocks = NAND_BBT_SCAN_MAXBLOCKS,
1214 .pattern = bbt_pattern
1217 static struct nand_bbt_descr bbt_mirror_descr = {
1218 .options = NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK | NAND_BBT_CREATE | NAND_BBT_WRITE
1219 | NAND_BBT_2BIT | NAND_BBT_VERSION | NAND_BBT_PERCHIP,
1223 .maxblocks = NAND_BBT_SCAN_MAXBLOCKS,
1224 .pattern = mirror_pattern
1227 static struct nand_bbt_descr bbt_main_no_oob_descr = {
1228 .options = NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK | NAND_BBT_CREATE | NAND_BBT_WRITE
1229 | NAND_BBT_2BIT | NAND_BBT_VERSION | NAND_BBT_PERCHIP
1233 .maxblocks = NAND_BBT_SCAN_MAXBLOCKS,
1234 .pattern = bbt_pattern
1237 static struct nand_bbt_descr bbt_mirror_no_oob_descr = {
1238 .options = NAND_BBT_LASTBLOCK | NAND_BBT_CREATE | NAND_BBT_WRITE
1239 | NAND_BBT_2BIT | NAND_BBT_VERSION | NAND_BBT_PERCHIP
1243 .maxblocks = NAND_BBT_SCAN_MAXBLOCKS,
1244 .pattern = mirror_pattern
1247 #define BADBLOCK_SCAN_MASK (~NAND_BBT_NO_OOB)
1249 * nand_create_badblock_pattern - [INTERN] Creates a BBT descriptor structure
1250 * @this: NAND chip to create descriptor for
1252 * This function allocates and initializes a nand_bbt_descr for BBM detection
1253 * based on the properties of @this. The new descriptor is stored in
1254 * this->badblock_pattern. Thus, this->badblock_pattern should be NULL when
1255 * passed to this function.
1257 static int nand_create_badblock_pattern(struct nand_chip *this)
1259 struct nand_bbt_descr *bd;
1260 if (this->badblock_pattern) {
1261 pr_warn("Bad block pattern already allocated; not replacing\n");
1264 bd = kzalloc(sizeof(*bd), GFP_KERNEL);
1267 bd->options = this->bbt_options & BADBLOCK_SCAN_MASK;
1268 bd->offs = this->badblockpos;
1269 bd->len = (this->options & NAND_BUSWIDTH_16) ? 2 : 1;
1270 bd->pattern = scan_ff_pattern;
1271 bd->options |= NAND_BBT_DYNAMICSTRUCT;
1272 this->badblock_pattern = bd;
1277 * nand_default_bbt - [NAND Interface] Select a default bad block table for the device
1278 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1280 * This function selects the default bad block table support for the device and
1281 * calls the nand_scan_bbt function.
1283 int nand_default_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd)
1285 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1288 /* Is a flash based bad block table requested? */
1289 if (this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH) {
1290 /* Use the default pattern descriptors */
1291 if (!this->bbt_td) {
1292 if (this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_NO_OOB) {
1293 this->bbt_td = &bbt_main_no_oob_descr;
1294 this->bbt_md = &bbt_mirror_no_oob_descr;
1296 this->bbt_td = &bbt_main_descr;
1297 this->bbt_md = &bbt_mirror_descr;
1301 this->bbt_td = NULL;
1302 this->bbt_md = NULL;
1305 if (!this->badblock_pattern) {
1306 ret = nand_create_badblock_pattern(this);
1311 return nand_scan_bbt(mtd, this->badblock_pattern);
1315 * nand_isreserved_bbt - [NAND Interface] Check if a block is reserved
1316 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1317 * @offs: offset in the device
1319 int nand_isreserved_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs)
1321 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1324 block = (int)(offs >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
1325 return bbt_get_entry(this, block) == BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED;
1329 * nand_isbad_bbt - [NAND Interface] Check if a block is bad
1330 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1331 * @offs: offset in the device
1332 * @allowbbt: allow access to bad block table region
1334 int nand_isbad_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs, int allowbbt)
1336 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1339 block = (int)(offs >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
1340 res = bbt_get_entry(this, block);
1342 pr_debug("nand_isbad_bbt(): bbt info for offs 0x%08x: (block %d) 0x%02x\n",
1343 (unsigned int)offs, block, res);
1346 case BBT_BLOCK_GOOD:
1348 case BBT_BLOCK_WORN:
1350 case BBT_BLOCK_RESERVED:
1351 return allowbbt ? 0 : 1;
1357 * nand_markbad_bbt - [NAND Interface] Mark a block bad in the BBT
1358 * @mtd: MTD device structure
1359 * @offs: offset of the bad block
1361 int nand_markbad_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs)
1363 struct nand_chip *this = mtd_to_nand(mtd);
1366 block = (int)(offs >> this->bbt_erase_shift);
1368 /* Mark bad block in memory */
1369 bbt_mark_entry(this, block, BBT_BLOCK_WORN);
1371 /* Update flash-based bad block table */
1372 if (this->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH)
1373 ret = nand_update_bbt(mtd, offs);