1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Direct MTD block device access
5 * Copyright © 1999-2010 David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
6 * Copyright © 2000-2003 Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
10 #include <linux/init.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/sched.h>
14 #include <linux/slab.h>
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
18 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
19 #include <linux/mtd/blktrans.h>
20 #include <linux/mutex.h>
21 #include <linux/major.h>
25 struct mtd_blktrans_dev mbd;
27 struct mutex cache_mutex;
28 unsigned char *cache_data;
29 unsigned long cache_offset;
30 unsigned int cache_size;
31 enum { STATE_EMPTY, STATE_CLEAN, STATE_DIRTY } cache_state;
37 * Since typical flash erasable sectors are much larger than what Linux's
38 * buffer cache can handle, we must implement read-modify-write on flash
39 * sectors for each block write requests. To avoid over-erasing flash sectors
40 * and to speed things up, we locally cache a whole flash sector while it is
41 * being written to until a different sector is required.
44 static int erase_write (struct mtd_info *mtd, unsigned long pos,
45 unsigned int len, const char *buf)
47 struct erase_info erase;
52 * First, let's erase the flash block.
57 ret = mtd_erase(mtd, &erase);
59 printk (KERN_WARNING "mtdblock: erase of region [0x%lx, 0x%x] "
66 * Next, write the data to flash.
69 ret = mtd_write(mtd, pos, len, &retlen, buf);
78 static int write_cached_data (struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk)
80 struct mtd_info *mtd = mtdblk->mbd.mtd;
83 if (mtdblk->cache_state != STATE_DIRTY)
86 pr_debug("mtdblock: writing cached data for \"%s\" "
87 "at 0x%lx, size 0x%x\n", mtd->name,
88 mtdblk->cache_offset, mtdblk->cache_size);
90 ret = erase_write (mtd, mtdblk->cache_offset,
91 mtdblk->cache_size, mtdblk->cache_data);
94 * Here we could arguably set the cache state to STATE_CLEAN.
95 * However this could lead to inconsistency since we will not
96 * be notified if this content is altered on the flash by other
97 * means. Let's declare it empty and leave buffering tasks to
98 * the buffer cache instead.
100 * If this cache_offset points to a bad block, data cannot be
101 * written to the device. Clear cache_state to avoid writing to
102 * bad blocks repeatedly.
104 if (ret == 0 || ret == -EIO)
105 mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_EMPTY;
110 static int do_cached_write (struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk, unsigned long pos,
111 int len, const char *buf)
113 struct mtd_info *mtd = mtdblk->mbd.mtd;
114 unsigned int sect_size = mtdblk->cache_size;
118 pr_debug("mtdblock: write on \"%s\" at 0x%lx, size 0x%x\n",
119 mtd->name, pos, len);
122 return mtd_write(mtd, pos, len, &retlen, buf);
125 unsigned long sect_start = (pos/sect_size)*sect_size;
126 unsigned int offset = pos - sect_start;
127 unsigned int size = sect_size - offset;
131 if (size == sect_size) {
133 * We are covering a whole sector. Thus there is no
134 * need to bother with the cache while it may still be
135 * useful for other partial writes.
137 ret = erase_write (mtd, pos, size, buf);
141 /* Partial sector: need to use the cache */
143 if (mtdblk->cache_state == STATE_DIRTY &&
144 mtdblk->cache_offset != sect_start) {
145 ret = write_cached_data(mtdblk);
150 if (mtdblk->cache_state == STATE_EMPTY ||
151 mtdblk->cache_offset != sect_start) {
152 /* fill the cache with the current sector */
153 mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_EMPTY;
154 ret = mtd_read(mtd, sect_start, sect_size,
155 &retlen, mtdblk->cache_data);
156 if (ret && !mtd_is_bitflip(ret))
158 if (retlen != sect_size)
161 mtdblk->cache_offset = sect_start;
162 mtdblk->cache_size = sect_size;
163 mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_CLEAN;
166 /* write data to our local cache */
167 memcpy (mtdblk->cache_data + offset, buf, size);
168 mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_DIRTY;
180 static int do_cached_read (struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk, unsigned long pos,
183 struct mtd_info *mtd = mtdblk->mbd.mtd;
184 unsigned int sect_size = mtdblk->cache_size;
188 pr_debug("mtdblock: read on \"%s\" at 0x%lx, size 0x%x\n",
189 mtd->name, pos, len);
192 ret = mtd_read(mtd, pos, len, &retlen, buf);
193 if (ret && !mtd_is_bitflip(ret))
199 unsigned long sect_start = (pos/sect_size)*sect_size;
200 unsigned int offset = pos - sect_start;
201 unsigned int size = sect_size - offset;
206 * Check if the requested data is already cached
207 * Read the requested amount of data from our internal cache if it
208 * contains what we want, otherwise we read the data directly
211 if (mtdblk->cache_state != STATE_EMPTY &&
212 mtdblk->cache_offset == sect_start) {
213 memcpy (buf, mtdblk->cache_data + offset, size);
215 ret = mtd_read(mtd, pos, size, &retlen, buf);
216 if (ret && !mtd_is_bitflip(ret))
230 static int mtdblock_readsect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev,
231 unsigned long block, char *buf)
233 struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk = container_of(dev, struct mtdblk_dev, mbd);
234 return do_cached_read(mtdblk, block<<9, 512, buf);
237 static int mtdblock_writesect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev,
238 unsigned long block, char *buf)
240 struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk = container_of(dev, struct mtdblk_dev, mbd);
241 if (unlikely(!mtdblk->cache_data && mtdblk->cache_size)) {
242 mtdblk->cache_data = vmalloc(mtdblk->mbd.mtd->erasesize);
243 if (!mtdblk->cache_data)
245 /* -EINTR is not really correct, but it is the best match
246 * documented in man 2 write for all cases. We could also
247 * return -EAGAIN sometimes, but why bother?
250 return do_cached_write(mtdblk, block<<9, 512, buf);
253 static int mtdblock_open(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *mbd)
255 struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk = container_of(mbd, struct mtdblk_dev, mbd);
257 pr_debug("mtdblock_open\n");
264 if (mtd_type_is_nand(mbd->mtd))
265 pr_warn_ratelimited("%s: MTD device '%s' is NAND, please consider using UBI block devices instead.\n",
266 mbd->tr->name, mbd->mtd->name);
268 /* OK, it's not open. Create cache info for it */
270 mutex_init(&mtdblk->cache_mutex);
271 mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_EMPTY;
272 if (!(mbd->mtd->flags & MTD_NO_ERASE) && mbd->mtd->erasesize) {
273 mtdblk->cache_size = mbd->mtd->erasesize;
274 mtdblk->cache_data = NULL;
282 static void mtdblock_release(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *mbd)
284 struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk = container_of(mbd, struct mtdblk_dev, mbd);
286 pr_debug("mtdblock_release\n");
288 mutex_lock(&mtdblk->cache_mutex);
289 write_cached_data(mtdblk);
290 mutex_unlock(&mtdblk->cache_mutex);
292 if (!--mtdblk->count) {
294 * It was the last usage. Free the cache, but only sync if
295 * opened for writing.
299 vfree(mtdblk->cache_data);
305 static int mtdblock_flush(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev)
307 struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk = container_of(dev, struct mtdblk_dev, mbd);
310 mutex_lock(&mtdblk->cache_mutex);
311 ret = write_cached_data(mtdblk);
312 mutex_unlock(&mtdblk->cache_mutex);
317 static void mtdblock_add_mtd(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr, struct mtd_info *mtd)
319 struct mtdblk_dev *dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
325 dev->mbd.devnum = mtd->index;
327 dev->mbd.size = mtd->size >> 9;
330 if (!(mtd->flags & MTD_WRITEABLE))
331 dev->mbd.readonly = 1;
333 if (add_mtd_blktrans_dev(&dev->mbd))
337 static void mtdblock_remove_dev(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev)
339 del_mtd_blktrans_dev(dev);
342 static struct mtd_blktrans_ops mtdblock_tr = {
344 .major = MTD_BLOCK_MAJOR,
347 .open = mtdblock_open,
348 .flush = mtdblock_flush,
349 .release = mtdblock_release,
350 .readsect = mtdblock_readsect,
351 .writesect = mtdblock_writesect,
352 .add_mtd = mtdblock_add_mtd,
353 .remove_dev = mtdblock_remove_dev,
354 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
357 module_mtd_blktrans(mtdblock_tr);
359 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
360 MODULE_AUTHOR("Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net> et al.");
361 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Caching read/erase/writeback block device emulation access to MTD devices");