2 * cpuidle.c - core cpuidle infrastructure
4 * (C) 2006-2007 Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
5 * Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
6 * Adam Belay <abelay@novell.com>
8 * This code is licenced under the GPL.
11 #include "linux/percpu-defs.h"
12 #include <linux/clockchips.h>
13 #include <linux/kernel.h>
14 #include <linux/mutex.h>
15 #include <linux/sched.h>
16 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
17 #include <linux/notifier.h>
18 #include <linux/pm_qos.h>
19 #include <linux/cpu.h>
20 #include <linux/cpuidle.h>
21 #include <linux/ktime.h>
22 #include <linux/hrtimer.h>
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/suspend.h>
25 #include <linux/tick.h>
26 #include <linux/mmu_context.h>
27 #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
28 #include <trace/events/power.h>
32 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpuidle_device *, cpuidle_devices);
33 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpuidle_device, cpuidle_dev);
35 DEFINE_MUTEX(cpuidle_lock);
36 LIST_HEAD(cpuidle_detected_devices);
38 static int enabled_devices;
39 static int off __read_mostly;
40 static int initialized __read_mostly;
42 int cpuidle_disabled(void)
46 void disable_cpuidle(void)
51 bool cpuidle_not_available(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
52 struct cpuidle_device *dev)
54 return off || !initialized || !drv || !dev || !dev->enabled;
58 * cpuidle_play_dead - cpu off-lining
60 * Returns in case of an error or no driver
62 int cpuidle_play_dead(void)
64 struct cpuidle_device *dev = __this_cpu_read(cpuidle_devices);
65 struct cpuidle_driver *drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
71 /* Find lowest-power state that supports long-term idle */
72 for (i = drv->state_count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
73 if (drv->states[i].enter_dead)
74 return drv->states[i].enter_dead(dev, i);
79 static int find_deepest_state(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
80 struct cpuidle_device *dev,
82 unsigned int forbidden_flags,
88 for (i = 1; i < drv->state_count; i++) {
89 struct cpuidle_state *s = &drv->states[i];
91 if (dev->states_usage[i].disable ||
92 s->exit_latency_ns <= latency_req ||
93 s->exit_latency_ns > max_latency_ns ||
94 (s->flags & forbidden_flags) ||
95 (s2idle && !s->enter_s2idle))
98 latency_req = s->exit_latency_ns;
105 * cpuidle_use_deepest_state - Set/unset governor override mode.
106 * @latency_limit_ns: Idle state exit latency limit (or no override if 0).
108 * If @latency_limit_ns is nonzero, set the current CPU to use the deepest idle
109 * state with exit latency within @latency_limit_ns (override governors going
110 * forward), or do not override governors if it is zero.
112 void cpuidle_use_deepest_state(u64 latency_limit_ns)
114 struct cpuidle_device *dev;
117 dev = cpuidle_get_device();
119 dev->forced_idle_latency_limit_ns = latency_limit_ns;
124 * cpuidle_find_deepest_state - Find the deepest available idle state.
125 * @drv: cpuidle driver for the given CPU.
126 * @dev: cpuidle device for the given CPU.
127 * @latency_limit_ns: Idle state exit latency limit
129 * Return: the index of the deepest available idle state.
131 int cpuidle_find_deepest_state(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
132 struct cpuidle_device *dev,
133 u64 latency_limit_ns)
135 return find_deepest_state(drv, dev, latency_limit_ns, 0, false);
138 #ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
139 static void enter_s2idle_proper(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
140 struct cpuidle_device *dev, int index)
142 ktime_t time_start, time_end;
143 struct cpuidle_state *target_state = &drv->states[index];
145 time_start = ns_to_ktime(local_clock());
149 * The state used here cannot be a "coupled" one, because the "coupled"
150 * cpuidle mechanism enables interrupts and doing that with timekeeping
151 * suspended is generally unsafe.
153 stop_critical_timings();
154 if (!(target_state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_RCU_IDLE))
156 target_state->enter_s2idle(dev, drv, index);
157 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled()))
159 if (!(target_state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_RCU_IDLE))
162 start_critical_timings();
164 time_end = ns_to_ktime(local_clock());
166 dev->states_usage[index].s2idle_time += ktime_us_delta(time_end, time_start);
167 dev->states_usage[index].s2idle_usage++;
171 * cpuidle_enter_s2idle - Enter an idle state suitable for suspend-to-idle.
172 * @drv: cpuidle driver for the given CPU.
173 * @dev: cpuidle device for the given CPU.
175 * If there are states with the ->enter_s2idle callback, find the deepest of
176 * them and enter it with frozen tick.
178 int cpuidle_enter_s2idle(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev)
183 * Find the deepest state with ->enter_s2idle present, which guarantees
184 * that interrupts won't be enabled when it exits and allows the tick to
187 index = find_deepest_state(drv, dev, U64_MAX, 0, true);
189 enter_s2idle_proper(drv, dev, index);
194 #endif /* CONFIG_SUSPEND */
197 * cpuidle_enter_state - enter the state and update stats
198 * @dev: cpuidle device for this cpu
199 * @drv: cpuidle driver for this cpu
200 * @index: index into the states table in @drv of the state to enter
202 int cpuidle_enter_state(struct cpuidle_device *dev, struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
207 struct cpuidle_state *target_state = &drv->states[index];
208 bool broadcast = !!(target_state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_TIMER_STOP);
209 ktime_t time_start, time_end;
212 * Tell the time framework to switch to a broadcast timer because our
213 * local timer will be shut down. If a local timer is used from another
214 * CPU as a broadcast timer, this call may fail if it is not available.
216 if (broadcast && tick_broadcast_enter()) {
217 index = find_deepest_state(drv, dev, target_state->exit_latency_ns,
218 CPUIDLE_FLAG_TIMER_STOP, false);
223 target_state = &drv->states[index];
227 if (target_state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_TLB_FLUSHED)
230 /* Take note of the planned idle state. */
231 sched_idle_set_state(target_state);
233 trace_cpu_idle(index, dev->cpu);
234 time_start = ns_to_ktime(local_clock());
236 stop_critical_timings();
237 if (!(target_state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_RCU_IDLE))
239 entered_state = target_state->enter(dev, drv, index);
240 if (!(target_state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_RCU_IDLE))
242 start_critical_timings();
244 sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event();
245 time_end = ns_to_ktime(local_clock());
246 trace_cpu_idle(PWR_EVENT_EXIT, dev->cpu);
248 /* The cpu is no longer idle or about to enter idle. */
249 sched_idle_set_state(NULL);
252 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled()))
255 tick_broadcast_exit();
258 if (!cpuidle_state_is_coupled(drv, index))
261 if (entered_state >= 0) {
262 s64 diff, delay = drv->states[entered_state].exit_latency_ns;
266 * Update cpuidle counters
267 * This can be moved to within driver enter routine,
268 * but that results in multiple copies of same code.
270 diff = ktime_sub(time_end, time_start);
272 dev->last_residency_ns = diff;
273 dev->states_usage[entered_state].time_ns += diff;
274 dev->states_usage[entered_state].usage++;
276 if (diff < drv->states[entered_state].target_residency_ns) {
277 for (i = entered_state - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
278 if (dev->states_usage[i].disable)
281 /* Shallower states are enabled, so update. */
282 dev->states_usage[entered_state].above++;
283 trace_cpu_idle_miss(dev->cpu, entered_state, false);
286 } else if (diff > delay) {
287 for (i = entered_state + 1; i < drv->state_count; i++) {
288 if (dev->states_usage[i].disable)
292 * Update if a deeper state would have been a
293 * better match for the observed idle duration.
295 if (diff - delay >= drv->states[i].target_residency_ns) {
296 dev->states_usage[entered_state].below++;
297 trace_cpu_idle_miss(dev->cpu, entered_state, true);
304 dev->last_residency_ns = 0;
305 dev->states_usage[index].rejected++;
308 return entered_state;
312 * cpuidle_select - ask the cpuidle framework to choose an idle state
314 * @drv: the cpuidle driver
315 * @dev: the cpuidle device
316 * @stop_tick: indication on whether or not to stop the tick
318 * Returns the index of the idle state. The return value must not be negative.
320 * The memory location pointed to by @stop_tick is expected to be written the
321 * 'false' boolean value if the scheduler tick should not be stopped before
322 * entering the returned state.
324 int cpuidle_select(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
327 return cpuidle_curr_governor->select(drv, dev, stop_tick);
331 * cpuidle_enter - enter into the specified idle state
333 * @drv: the cpuidle driver tied with the cpu
334 * @dev: the cpuidle device
335 * @index: the index in the idle state table
337 * Returns the index in the idle state, < 0 in case of error.
338 * The error code depends on the backend driver
340 int cpuidle_enter(struct cpuidle_driver *drv, struct cpuidle_device *dev,
346 * Store the next hrtimer, which becomes either next tick or the next
347 * timer event, whatever expires first. Additionally, to make this data
348 * useful for consumers outside cpuidle, we rely on that the governor's
349 * ->select() callback have decided, whether to stop the tick or not.
351 WRITE_ONCE(dev->next_hrtimer, tick_nohz_get_next_hrtimer());
353 if (cpuidle_state_is_coupled(drv, index))
354 ret = cpuidle_enter_state_coupled(dev, drv, index);
356 ret = cpuidle_enter_state(dev, drv, index);
358 WRITE_ONCE(dev->next_hrtimer, 0);
363 * cpuidle_reflect - tell the underlying governor what was the state
366 * @dev : the cpuidle device
367 * @index: the index in the idle state table
370 void cpuidle_reflect(struct cpuidle_device *dev, int index)
372 if (cpuidle_curr_governor->reflect && index >= 0)
373 cpuidle_curr_governor->reflect(dev, index);
377 * Min polling interval of 10usec is a guess. It is assuming that
378 * for most users, the time for a single ping-pong workload like
379 * perf bench pipe would generally complete within 10usec but
380 * this is hardware dependant. Actual time can be estimated with
382 * perf bench sched pipe -l 10000
384 * Run multiple times to avoid cpufreq effects.
386 #define CPUIDLE_POLL_MIN 10000
387 #define CPUIDLE_POLL_MAX (TICK_NSEC / 16)
390 * cpuidle_poll_time - return amount of time to poll for,
391 * governors can override dev->poll_limit_ns if necessary
393 * @drv: the cpuidle driver tied with the cpu
394 * @dev: the cpuidle device
397 u64 cpuidle_poll_time(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
398 struct cpuidle_device *dev)
403 BUILD_BUG_ON(CPUIDLE_POLL_MIN > CPUIDLE_POLL_MAX);
405 if (dev->poll_limit_ns)
406 return dev->poll_limit_ns;
408 limit_ns = CPUIDLE_POLL_MAX;
409 for (i = 1; i < drv->state_count; i++) {
412 if (dev->states_usage[i].disable)
415 state_limit = drv->states[i].target_residency_ns;
416 if (state_limit < CPUIDLE_POLL_MIN)
419 limit_ns = min_t(u64, state_limit, CPUIDLE_POLL_MAX);
423 dev->poll_limit_ns = limit_ns;
425 return dev->poll_limit_ns;
429 * cpuidle_install_idle_handler - installs the cpuidle idle loop handler
431 void cpuidle_install_idle_handler(void)
433 if (enabled_devices) {
434 /* Make sure all changes finished before we switch to new idle */
441 * cpuidle_uninstall_idle_handler - uninstalls the cpuidle idle loop handler
443 void cpuidle_uninstall_idle_handler(void)
445 if (enabled_devices) {
447 wake_up_all_idle_cpus();
451 * Make sure external observers (such as the scheduler)
452 * are done looking at pointed idle states.
458 * cpuidle_pause_and_lock - temporarily disables CPUIDLE
460 void cpuidle_pause_and_lock(void)
462 mutex_lock(&cpuidle_lock);
463 cpuidle_uninstall_idle_handler();
466 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_pause_and_lock);
469 * cpuidle_resume_and_unlock - resumes CPUIDLE operation
471 void cpuidle_resume_and_unlock(void)
473 cpuidle_install_idle_handler();
474 mutex_unlock(&cpuidle_lock);
477 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_resume_and_unlock);
479 /* Currently used in suspend/resume path to suspend cpuidle */
480 void cpuidle_pause(void)
482 mutex_lock(&cpuidle_lock);
483 cpuidle_uninstall_idle_handler();
484 mutex_unlock(&cpuidle_lock);
487 /* Currently used in suspend/resume path to resume cpuidle */
488 void cpuidle_resume(void)
490 mutex_lock(&cpuidle_lock);
491 cpuidle_install_idle_handler();
492 mutex_unlock(&cpuidle_lock);
496 * cpuidle_enable_device - enables idle PM for a CPU
499 * This function must be called between cpuidle_pause_and_lock and
500 * cpuidle_resume_and_unlock when used externally.
502 int cpuidle_enable_device(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
505 struct cpuidle_driver *drv;
513 if (!cpuidle_curr_governor)
516 drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
521 if (!dev->registered)
524 ret = cpuidle_add_device_sysfs(dev);
528 if (cpuidle_curr_governor->enable) {
529 ret = cpuidle_curr_governor->enable(drv, dev);
542 cpuidle_remove_device_sysfs(dev);
547 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_enable_device);
550 * cpuidle_disable_device - disables idle PM for a CPU
553 * This function must be called between cpuidle_pause_and_lock and
554 * cpuidle_resume_and_unlock when used externally.
556 void cpuidle_disable_device(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
558 struct cpuidle_driver *drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
560 if (!dev || !dev->enabled)
563 if (!drv || !cpuidle_curr_governor)
568 if (cpuidle_curr_governor->disable)
569 cpuidle_curr_governor->disable(drv, dev);
571 cpuidle_remove_device_sysfs(dev);
575 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_disable_device);
577 static void __cpuidle_unregister_device(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
579 struct cpuidle_driver *drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
581 list_del(&dev->device_list);
582 per_cpu(cpuidle_devices, dev->cpu) = NULL;
583 module_put(drv->owner);
588 static void __cpuidle_device_init(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
590 memset(dev->states_usage, 0, sizeof(dev->states_usage));
591 dev->last_residency_ns = 0;
592 dev->next_hrtimer = 0;
596 * __cpuidle_register_device - internal register function called before register
597 * and enable routines
600 * cpuidle_lock mutex must be held before this is called
602 static int __cpuidle_register_device(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
604 struct cpuidle_driver *drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
607 if (!try_module_get(drv->owner))
610 for (i = 0; i < drv->state_count; i++) {
611 if (drv->states[i].flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_UNUSABLE)
612 dev->states_usage[i].disable |= CPUIDLE_STATE_DISABLED_BY_DRIVER;
614 if (drv->states[i].flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_OFF)
615 dev->states_usage[i].disable |= CPUIDLE_STATE_DISABLED_BY_USER;
618 per_cpu(cpuidle_devices, dev->cpu) = dev;
619 list_add(&dev->device_list, &cpuidle_detected_devices);
621 ret = cpuidle_coupled_register_device(dev);
623 __cpuidle_unregister_device(dev);
631 * cpuidle_register_device - registers a CPU's idle PM feature
634 int cpuidle_register_device(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
641 mutex_lock(&cpuidle_lock);
646 __cpuidle_device_init(dev);
648 ret = __cpuidle_register_device(dev);
652 ret = cpuidle_add_sysfs(dev);
656 ret = cpuidle_enable_device(dev);
660 cpuidle_install_idle_handler();
663 mutex_unlock(&cpuidle_lock);
668 cpuidle_remove_sysfs(dev);
670 __cpuidle_unregister_device(dev);
674 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_register_device);
677 * cpuidle_unregister_device - unregisters a CPU's idle PM feature
680 void cpuidle_unregister_device(struct cpuidle_device *dev)
682 if (!dev || dev->registered == 0)
685 cpuidle_pause_and_lock();
687 cpuidle_disable_device(dev);
689 cpuidle_remove_sysfs(dev);
691 __cpuidle_unregister_device(dev);
693 cpuidle_coupled_unregister_device(dev);
695 cpuidle_resume_and_unlock();
698 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_unregister_device);
701 * cpuidle_unregister: unregister a driver and the devices. This function
702 * can be used only if the driver has been previously registered through
703 * the cpuidle_register function.
705 * @drv: a valid pointer to a struct cpuidle_driver
707 void cpuidle_unregister(struct cpuidle_driver *drv)
710 struct cpuidle_device *device;
712 for_each_cpu(cpu, drv->cpumask) {
713 device = &per_cpu(cpuidle_dev, cpu);
714 cpuidle_unregister_device(device);
717 cpuidle_unregister_driver(drv);
719 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_unregister);
722 * cpuidle_register: registers the driver and the cpu devices with the
723 * coupled_cpus passed as parameter. This function is used for all common
724 * initialization pattern there are in the arch specific drivers. The
725 * devices is globally defined in this file.
727 * @drv : a valid pointer to a struct cpuidle_driver
728 * @coupled_cpus: a cpumask for the coupled states
730 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 otherwise
732 int cpuidle_register(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
733 const struct cpumask *const coupled_cpus)
736 struct cpuidle_device *device;
738 ret = cpuidle_register_driver(drv);
740 pr_err("failed to register cpuidle driver\n");
744 for_each_cpu(cpu, drv->cpumask) {
745 device = &per_cpu(cpuidle_dev, cpu);
748 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_NEEDS_CPU_IDLE_COUPLED
750 * On multiplatform for ARM, the coupled idle states could be
751 * enabled in the kernel even if the cpuidle driver does not
752 * use it. Note, coupled_cpus is a struct copy.
755 device->coupled_cpus = *coupled_cpus;
757 ret = cpuidle_register_device(device);
761 pr_err("Failed to register cpuidle device for cpu%d\n", cpu);
763 cpuidle_unregister(drv);
769 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpuidle_register);
772 * cpuidle_init - core initializer
774 static int __init cpuidle_init(void)
776 if (cpuidle_disabled())
779 return cpuidle_add_interface(cpu_subsys.dev_root);
782 module_param(off, int, 0444);
783 module_param_string(governor, param_governor, CPUIDLE_NAME_LEN, 0444);
784 core_initcall(cpuidle_init);