1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Intel Corporation
5 * Please see Documentation/driver-api/auxiliary_bus.rst for more information.
8 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s:%s: " fmt, KBUILD_MODNAME, __func__
10 #include <linux/device.h>
11 #include <linux/init.h>
12 #include <linux/slab.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
14 #include <linux/pm_domain.h>
15 #include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
16 #include <linux/string.h>
17 #include <linux/auxiliary_bus.h>
23 * In some subsystems, the functionality of the core device (PCI/ACPI/other) is
24 * too complex for a single device to be managed by a monolithic driver (e.g.
25 * Sound Open Firmware), multiple devices might implement a common intersection
26 * of functionality (e.g. NICs + RDMA), or a driver may want to export an
27 * interface for another subsystem to drive (e.g. SIOV Physical Function export
28 * Virtual Function management). A split of the functionality into child-
29 * devices representing sub-domains of functionality makes it possible to
30 * compartmentalize, layer, and distribute domain-specific concerns via a Linux
31 * device-driver model.
33 * An example for this kind of requirement is the audio subsystem where a
34 * single IP is handling multiple entities such as HDMI, Soundwire, local
35 * devices such as mics/speakers etc. The split for the core's functionality
36 * can be arbitrary or be defined by the DSP firmware topology and include
37 * hooks for test/debug. This allows for the audio core device to be minimal
38 * and focused on hardware-specific control and communication.
40 * Each auxiliary_device represents a part of its parent functionality. The
41 * generic behavior can be extended and specialized as needed by encapsulating
42 * an auxiliary_device within other domain-specific structures and the use of
43 * .ops callbacks. Devices on the auxiliary bus do not share any structures and
44 * the use of a communication channel with the parent is domain-specific.
46 * Note that ops are intended as a way to augment instance behavior within a
47 * class of auxiliary devices, it is not the mechanism for exporting common
48 * infrastructure from the parent. Consider EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS() to convey
49 * infrastructure from the parent module to the auxiliary module(s).
55 * The auxiliary bus is to be used when a driver and one or more kernel
56 * modules, who share a common header file with the driver, need a mechanism to
57 * connect and provide access to a shared object allocated by the
58 * auxiliary_device's registering driver. The registering driver for the
59 * auxiliary_device(s) and the kernel module(s) registering auxiliary_drivers
60 * can be from the same subsystem, or from multiple subsystems.
62 * The emphasis here is on a common generic interface that keeps subsystem
63 * customization out of the bus infrastructure.
65 * One example is a PCI network device that is RDMA-capable and exports a child
66 * device to be driven by an auxiliary_driver in the RDMA subsystem. The PCI
67 * driver allocates and registers an auxiliary_device for each physical
68 * function on the NIC. The RDMA driver registers an auxiliary_driver that
69 * claims each of these auxiliary_devices. This conveys data/ops published by
70 * the parent PCI device/driver to the RDMA auxiliary_driver.
72 * Another use case is for the PCI device to be split out into multiple sub
73 * functions. For each sub function an auxiliary_device is created. A PCI sub
74 * function driver binds to such devices that creates its own one or more class
75 * devices. A PCI sub function auxiliary device is likely to be contained in a
76 * struct with additional attributes such as user defined sub function number
77 * and optional attributes such as resources and a link to the parent device.
78 * These attributes could be used by systemd/udev; and hence should be
79 * initialized before a driver binds to an auxiliary_device.
81 * A key requirement for utilizing the auxiliary bus is that there is no
82 * dependency on a physical bus, device, register accesses or regmap support.
83 * These individual devices split from the core cannot live on the platform bus
84 * as they are not physical devices that are controlled by DT/ACPI. The same
85 * argument applies for not using MFD in this scenario as MFD relies on
86 * individual function devices being physical devices.
92 * Auxiliary devices are created and registered by a subsystem-level core
93 * device that needs to break up its functionality into smaller fragments. One
94 * way to extend the scope of an auxiliary_device is to encapsulate it within a
95 * domain- pecific structure defined by the parent device. This structure
96 * contains the auxiliary_device and any associated shared data/callbacks
97 * needed to establish the connection with the parent.
104 * struct auxiliary_device auxdev;
105 * void (*connect)(struct auxiliary_device *auxdev);
106 * void (*disconnect)(struct auxiliary_device *auxdev);
110 * The parent device then registers the auxiliary_device by calling
111 * auxiliary_device_init(), and then auxiliary_device_add(), with the pointer
112 * to the auxdev member of the above structure. The parent provides a name for
113 * the auxiliary_device that, combined with the parent's KBUILD_MODNAME,
114 * creates a match_name that is be used for matching and binding with a driver.
116 * Whenever an auxiliary_driver is registered, based on the match_name, the
117 * auxiliary_driver's probe() is invoked for the matching devices. The
118 * auxiliary_driver can also be encapsulated inside custom drivers that make
119 * the core device's functionality extensible by adding additional
120 * domain-specific ops as follows:
125 * void (*send)(struct auxiliary_device *auxdev);
126 * void (*receive)(struct auxiliary_device *auxdev);
131 * struct auxiliary_driver auxiliary_drv;
132 * const struct my_ops ops;
135 * An example of this type of usage is:
139 * const struct auxiliary_device_id my_auxiliary_id_table[] = {
140 * { .name = "foo_mod.foo_dev" },
144 * const struct my_ops my_custom_ops = {
149 * const struct my_driver my_drv = {
151 * .name = "myauxiliarydrv",
152 * .id_table = my_auxiliary_id_table,
154 * .remove = my_remove,
155 * .shutdown = my_shutdown,
157 * .ops = my_custom_ops,
161 static const struct auxiliary_device_id *auxiliary_match_id(const struct auxiliary_device_id *id,
162 const struct auxiliary_device *auxdev)
164 for (; id->name[0]; id++) {
165 const char *p = strrchr(dev_name(&auxdev->dev), '.');
170 match_size = p - dev_name(&auxdev->dev);
172 /* use dev_name(&auxdev->dev) prefix before last '.' char to match to */
173 if (strlen(id->name) == match_size &&
174 !strncmp(dev_name(&auxdev->dev), id->name, match_size))
180 static int auxiliary_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
182 struct auxiliary_device *auxdev = to_auxiliary_dev(dev);
183 struct auxiliary_driver *auxdrv = to_auxiliary_drv(drv);
185 return !!auxiliary_match_id(auxdrv->id_table, auxdev);
188 static int auxiliary_uevent(const struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
190 const char *name, *p;
192 name = dev_name(dev);
193 p = strrchr(name, '.');
195 return add_uevent_var(env, "MODALIAS=%s%.*s", AUXILIARY_MODULE_PREFIX,
196 (int)(p - name), name);
199 static const struct dev_pm_ops auxiliary_dev_pm_ops = {
200 SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS(pm_generic_runtime_suspend, pm_generic_runtime_resume, NULL)
201 SET_SYSTEM_SLEEP_PM_OPS(pm_generic_suspend, pm_generic_resume)
204 static int auxiliary_bus_probe(struct device *dev)
206 struct auxiliary_driver *auxdrv = to_auxiliary_drv(dev->driver);
207 struct auxiliary_device *auxdev = to_auxiliary_dev(dev);
210 ret = dev_pm_domain_attach(dev, true);
212 dev_warn(dev, "Failed to attach to PM Domain : %d\n", ret);
216 ret = auxdrv->probe(auxdev, auxiliary_match_id(auxdrv->id_table, auxdev));
218 dev_pm_domain_detach(dev, true);
223 static void auxiliary_bus_remove(struct device *dev)
225 struct auxiliary_driver *auxdrv = to_auxiliary_drv(dev->driver);
226 struct auxiliary_device *auxdev = to_auxiliary_dev(dev);
229 auxdrv->remove(auxdev);
230 dev_pm_domain_detach(dev, true);
233 static void auxiliary_bus_shutdown(struct device *dev)
235 struct auxiliary_driver *auxdrv = NULL;
236 struct auxiliary_device *auxdev;
239 auxdrv = to_auxiliary_drv(dev->driver);
240 auxdev = to_auxiliary_dev(dev);
243 if (auxdrv && auxdrv->shutdown)
244 auxdrv->shutdown(auxdev);
247 static struct bus_type auxiliary_bus_type = {
249 .probe = auxiliary_bus_probe,
250 .remove = auxiliary_bus_remove,
251 .shutdown = auxiliary_bus_shutdown,
252 .match = auxiliary_match,
253 .uevent = auxiliary_uevent,
254 .pm = &auxiliary_dev_pm_ops,
258 * auxiliary_device_init - check auxiliary_device and initialize
259 * @auxdev: auxiliary device struct
261 * This is the second step in the three-step process to register an
264 * When this function returns an error code, then the device_initialize will
265 * *not* have been performed, and the caller will be responsible to free any
266 * memory allocated for the auxiliary_device in the error path directly.
268 * It returns 0 on success. On success, the device_initialize has been
269 * performed. After this point any error unwinding will need to include a call
270 * to auxiliary_device_uninit(). In this post-initialize error scenario, a call
271 * to the device's .release callback will be triggered, and all memory clean-up
272 * is expected to be handled there.
274 int auxiliary_device_init(struct auxiliary_device *auxdev)
276 struct device *dev = &auxdev->dev;
279 pr_err("auxiliary_device has a NULL dev->parent\n");
284 pr_err("auxiliary_device has a NULL name\n");
288 dev->bus = &auxiliary_bus_type;
289 device_initialize(&auxdev->dev);
292 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(auxiliary_device_init);
295 * __auxiliary_device_add - add an auxiliary bus device
296 * @auxdev: auxiliary bus device to add to the bus
297 * @modname: name of the parent device's driver module
299 * This is the third step in the three-step process to register an
302 * This function must be called after a successful call to
303 * auxiliary_device_init(), which will perform the device_initialize. This
304 * means that if this returns an error code, then a call to
305 * auxiliary_device_uninit() must be performed so that the .release callback
306 * will be triggered to free the memory associated with the auxiliary_device.
308 * The expectation is that users will call the "auxiliary_device_add" macro so
309 * that the caller's KBUILD_MODNAME is automatically inserted for the modname
310 * parameter. Only if a user requires a custom name would this version be
313 int __auxiliary_device_add(struct auxiliary_device *auxdev, const char *modname)
315 struct device *dev = &auxdev->dev;
319 dev_err(dev, "auxiliary device modname is NULL\n");
323 ret = dev_set_name(dev, "%s.%s.%d", modname, auxdev->name, auxdev->id);
325 dev_err(dev, "auxiliary device dev_set_name failed: %d\n", ret);
329 ret = device_add(dev);
331 dev_err(dev, "adding auxiliary device failed!: %d\n", ret);
335 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__auxiliary_device_add);
338 * auxiliary_find_device - auxiliary device iterator for locating a particular device.
339 * @start: Device to begin with
340 * @data: Data to pass to match function
341 * @match: Callback function to check device
343 * This function returns a reference to a device that is 'found'
344 * for later use, as determined by the @match callback.
346 * The reference returned should be released with put_device().
348 * The callback should return 0 if the device doesn't match and non-zero
349 * if it does. If the callback returns non-zero, this function will
350 * return to the caller and not iterate over any more devices.
352 struct auxiliary_device *auxiliary_find_device(struct device *start,
354 int (*match)(struct device *dev, const void *data))
358 dev = bus_find_device(&auxiliary_bus_type, start, data, match);
362 return to_auxiliary_dev(dev);
364 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(auxiliary_find_device);
367 * __auxiliary_driver_register - register a driver for auxiliary bus devices
368 * @auxdrv: auxiliary_driver structure
369 * @owner: owning module/driver
370 * @modname: KBUILD_MODNAME for parent driver
372 * The expectation is that users will call the "auxiliary_driver_register"
373 * macro so that the caller's KBUILD_MODNAME is automatically inserted for the
374 * modname parameter. Only if a user requires a custom name would this version
375 * be called directly.
377 int __auxiliary_driver_register(struct auxiliary_driver *auxdrv,
378 struct module *owner, const char *modname)
382 if (WARN_ON(!auxdrv->probe) || WARN_ON(!auxdrv->id_table))
386 auxdrv->driver.name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s.%s", modname,
389 auxdrv->driver.name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s", modname);
390 if (!auxdrv->driver.name)
393 auxdrv->driver.owner = owner;
394 auxdrv->driver.bus = &auxiliary_bus_type;
395 auxdrv->driver.mod_name = modname;
397 ret = driver_register(&auxdrv->driver);
399 kfree(auxdrv->driver.name);
403 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__auxiliary_driver_register);
406 * auxiliary_driver_unregister - unregister a driver
407 * @auxdrv: auxiliary_driver structure
409 void auxiliary_driver_unregister(struct auxiliary_driver *auxdrv)
411 driver_unregister(&auxdrv->driver);
412 kfree(auxdrv->driver.name);
414 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(auxiliary_driver_unregister);
416 void __init auxiliary_bus_init(void)
418 WARN_ON(bus_register(&auxiliary_bus_type));