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8 .TH XMLWF 1 "March 11, 2016" "" ""
10 xmlwf \- Determines if an XML document is well-formed
16 .if (\nx>(\n(.l/2)) .nr x (\n(.l/5)
18 [\fB-s\fR] [\fB-n\fR] [\fB-p\fR] [\fB-x\fR] [\fB-e \fIencoding\fB\fR] [\fB-w\fR] [\fB-d \fIoutput-dir\fB\fR] [\fB-c\fR] [\fB-m\fR] [\fB-r\fR] [\fB-t\fR] [\fB-v\fR] [file ...]
23 \fBxmlwf\fR uses the Expat library to
24 determine if an XML document is well-formed. It is
27 If you do not specify any files on the command-line, and you
28 have a recent version of \fBxmlwf\fR, the
29 input file will be read from standard input.
30 .SH "WELL-FORMED DOCUMENTS"
31 A well-formed document must adhere to the
35 The file begins with an XML declaration. For instance,
36 \*(T<<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>\*(T>.
38 \fBxmlwf\fR does not currently
39 check for a valid XML declaration.
42 Every start tag is either empty (<tag/>)
43 or has a corresponding end tag.
46 There is exactly one root element. This element must contain
47 all other elements in the document. Only comments, white
48 space, and processing instructions may come after the close
52 All elements nest properly.
55 All attribute values are enclosed in quotes (either single
58 If the document has a DTD, and it strictly complies with that
59 DTD, then the document is also considered \fIvalid\fR.
60 \fBxmlwf\fR is a non-validating parser --
61 it does not check the DTD. However, it does support
62 external entities (see the \*(T<\fB\-x\fR\*(T> option).
64 When an option includes an argument, you may specify the argument either
65 separately ("\*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T> output") or concatenated with the
66 option ("\*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T>output"). \fBxmlwf\fR
70 If the input file is well-formed and \fBxmlwf\fR
71 doesn't encounter any errors, the input file is simply copied to
72 the output directory unchanged.
73 This implies no namespaces (turns off \*(T<\fB\-n\fR\*(T>) and
74 requires \*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T> to specify an output file.
76 \*(T<\fB\-d output\-dir\fR\*(T>
77 Specifies a directory to contain transformed
78 representations of the input files.
79 By default, \*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T> outputs a canonical representation
81 You can select different output formats using \*(T<\fB\-c\fR\*(T>
82 and \*(T<\fB\-m\fR\*(T>.
84 The output filenames will
85 be exactly the same as the input filenames or "STDIN" if the input is
86 coming from standard input. Therefore, you must be careful that the
87 output file does not go into the same directory as the input
88 file. Otherwise, \fBxmlwf\fR will delete the
89 input file before it generates the output file (just like running
90 \*(T<cat < file > file\*(T> in most shells).
92 Two structurally equivalent XML documents have a byte-for-byte
93 identical canonical XML representation.
94 Note that ignorable white space is considered significant and
95 is treated equivalently to data.
96 More on canonical XML can be found at
97 http://www.jclark.com/xml/canonxml.html .
99 \*(T<\fB\-e encoding\fR\*(T>
100 Specifies the character encoding for the document, overriding
101 any document encoding declaration. \fBxmlwf\fR
102 supports four built-in encodings:
105 \*(T<UTF\-16\*(T>, and
106 \*(T<ISO\-8859\-1\*(T>.
107 Also see the \*(T<\fB\-w\fR\*(T> option.
110 Outputs some strange sort of XML file that completely
111 describes the input file, including character positions.
112 Requires \*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T> to specify an output file.
115 Turns on namespace processing. (describe namespaces)
116 \*(T<\fB\-c\fR\*(T> disables namespaces.
119 Tells xmlwf to process external DTDs and parameter
122 Normally \fBxmlwf\fR never parses parameter
123 entities. \*(T<\fB\-p\fR\*(T> tells it to always parse them.
124 \*(T<\fB\-p\fR\*(T> implies \*(T<\fB\-x\fR\*(T>.
127 Normally \fBxmlwf\fR memory-maps the XML file
128 before parsing; this can result in faster parsing on many
130 \*(T<\fB\-r\fR\*(T> turns off memory-mapping and uses normal file
132 Of course, memory-mapping is automatically turned off
133 when reading from standard input.
135 Use of memory-mapping can cause some platforms to report
136 substantially higher memory usage for
137 \fBxmlwf\fR, but this appears to be a matter of
138 the operating system reporting memory in a strange way; there is
139 not a leak in \fBxmlwf\fR.
142 Prints an error if the document is not standalone.
143 A document is standalone if it has no external subset and no
144 references to parameter entities.
147 Turns on timings. This tells Expat to parse the entire file,
148 but not perform any processing.
149 This gives a fairly accurate idea of the raw speed of Expat itself
150 without client overhead.
151 \*(T<\fB\-t\fR\*(T> turns off most of the output options
152 (\*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T>, \*(T<\fB\-m\fR\*(T>, \*(T<\fB\-c\fR\*(T>, ...).
155 Prints the version of the Expat library being used, including some
156 information on the compile-time configuration of the library, and
160 Enables support for Windows code pages.
161 Normally, \fBxmlwf\fR will throw an error if it
162 runs across an encoding that it is not equipped to handle itself. With
163 \*(T<\fB\-w\fR\*(T>, xmlwf will try to use a Windows code
164 page. See also \*(T<\fB\-e\fR\*(T>.
167 Turns on parsing external entities.
169 Non-validating parsers are not required to resolve external
170 entities, or even expand entities at all.
171 Expat always expands internal entities (?),
172 but external entity parsing must be enabled explicitly.
174 External entities are simply entities that obtain their
175 data from outside the XML file currently being parsed.
177 This is an example of an internal entity:
180 <!ENTITY vers '1.0.2'>
183 And here are some examples of external entities:
186 <!ENTITY header SYSTEM "header\-&vers;.xml"> (parsed)
187 <!ENTITY logo SYSTEM "logo.png" PNG> (unparsed)
192 Terminates the list of options. This is only needed if a filename
193 starts with a hyphen. For example:
196 xmlwf \-\- \-myfile.xml
199 will run \fBxmlwf\fR on the file
200 \*(T<\fI\-myfile.xml\fR\*(T>.
202 Older versions of \fBxmlwf\fR do not support
203 reading from standard input.
205 If an input file is not well-formed,
206 \fBxmlwf\fR prints a single line describing
207 the problem to standard output. If a file is well formed,
208 \fBxmlwf\fR outputs nothing.
209 Note that the result code is \fInot\fR set.
211 \fBxmlwf\fR returns a 0 - noerr result,
212 even if the file is not well-formed. There is no good way for
213 a program to use \fBxmlwf\fR to quickly
214 check a file -- it must parse \fBxmlwf\fR's
217 The errors should go to standard error, not standard output.
219 There should be a way to get \*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T> to send its
220 output to standard output rather than forcing the user to send
223 I have no idea why anyone would want to use the
224 \*(T<\fB\-d\fR\*(T>, \*(T<\fB\-c\fR\*(T>, and
225 \*(T<\fB\-m\fR\*(T> options. If someone could explain it to
226 me, I'd like to add this information to this manpage.
228 Here are some XML validators on the web:
231 http://www.hcrc.ed.ac.uk/~richard/xml\-check.html
232 http://www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlvalid/
233 http://www.scripting.com/frontier5/xml/code/xmlValidator.html
234 http://www.xml.com/pub/a/tools/ruwf/check.html
238 The Expat home page: http://www.libexpat.org/
239 The W3 XML specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC\-xml
242 This manual page was written by Scott Bronson <\*(T<bronson@rinspin.com\*(T>> for
243 the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). Permission is
244 granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
245 the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
246 License, Version 1.1.