4 Muxers are configured elements in Libav which allow writing
5 multimedia streams to a particular type of file.
7 When you configure your Libav build, all the supported muxers
8 are enabled by default. You can list all available muxers using the
9 configure option @code{--list-muxers}.
11 You can disable all the muxers with the configure option
12 @code{--disable-muxers} and selectively enable / disable single muxers
13 with the options @code{--enable-muxer=@var{MUXER}} /
14 @code{--disable-muxer=@var{MUXER}}.
16 The option @code{-formats} of the ff* tools will display the list of
19 A description of some of the currently available muxers follows.
24 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
26 This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC of all the input audio
27 and video frames. By default audio frames are converted to signed
28 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the
31 The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form:
32 CRC=0x@var{CRC}, where @var{CRC} is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to
33 8 digits containing the CRC for all the decoded input frames.
35 For example to compute the CRC of the input, and store it in the file
38 avconv -i INPUT -f crc out.crc
41 You can print the CRC to stdout with the command:
43 avconv -i INPUT -f crc -
46 You can select the output format of each frame with @command{avconv} by
47 specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example to
48 compute the CRC of the input audio converted to PCM unsigned 8-bit
49 and the input video converted to MPEG-2 video, use the command:
51 avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f crc -
54 See also the @ref{framecrc} muxer.
59 Per-frame CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
61 This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC for each decoded audio
62 and video frame. By default audio frames are converted to signed
63 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the
66 The output of the muxer consists of a line for each audio and video
67 frame of the form: @var{stream_index}, @var{frame_dts},
68 @var{frame_size}, 0x@var{CRC}, where @var{CRC} is a hexadecimal
69 number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC of the decoded frame.
71 For example to compute the CRC of each decoded frame in the input, and
72 store it in the file @file{out.crc}:
74 avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc out.crc
77 You can print the CRC of each decoded frame to stdout with the command:
79 avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc -
82 You can select the output format of each frame with @command{avconv} by
83 specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example, to
84 compute the CRC of each decoded input audio frame converted to PCM
85 unsigned 8-bit and of each decoded input video frame converted to
86 MPEG-2 video, use the command:
88 avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f framecrc -
91 See also the @ref{crc} muxer.
96 Apple HTTP Live Streaming muxer that segments MPEG-TS according to
97 the HTTP Live Streaming specification.
99 It creates a playlist file and numbered segment files. The output
100 filename specifies the playlist filename; the segment filenames
101 receive the same basename as the playlist, a sequential number and
105 avconv -i in.nut out.m3u8
109 @item -hls_time @var{seconds}
110 Set the segment length in seconds.
111 @item -hls_list_size @var{size}
112 Set the maximum number of playlist entries.
113 @item -hls_wrap @var{wrap}
114 Set the number after which index wraps.
115 @item -start_number @var{number}
116 Start the sequence from @var{number}.
124 The image file muxer writes video frames to image files.
126 The output filenames are specified by a pattern, which can be used to
127 produce sequentially numbered series of files.
128 The pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", this string
129 specifies the position of the characters representing a numbering in
130 the filenames. If the form "%0@var{N}d" is used, the string
131 representing the number in each filename is 0-padded to @var{N}
132 digits. The literal character '%' can be specified in the pattern with
135 If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", the first filename of
136 the file list specified will contain the number 1, all the following
137 numbers will be sequential.
139 The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
140 determine the format of the image files to write.
142 For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will specify a sequence of
143 filenames of the form @file{img-001.bmp}, @file{img-002.bmp}, ...,
144 @file{img-010.bmp}, etc.
145 The pattern "img%%-%d.jpg" will specify a sequence of filenames of the
146 form @file{img%-1.jpg}, @file{img%-2.jpg}, ..., @file{img%-10.jpg},
149 The following example shows how to use @command{avconv} for creating a
150 sequence of files @file{img-001.jpeg}, @file{img-002.jpeg}, ...,
151 taking one image every second from the input video:
153 avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 -f image2 'img-%03d.jpeg'
156 Note that with @command{avconv}, if the format is not specified with the
157 @code{-f} option and the output filename specifies an image file
158 format, the image2 muxer is automatically selected, so the previous
159 command can be written as:
161 avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 'img-%03d.jpeg'
164 Note also that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or
165 "%0@var{N}d", for example to create a single image file
166 @file{img.jpeg} from the input video you can employ the command:
168 avconv -i in.avi -f image2 -frames:v 1 img.jpeg
171 @section MOV/MP4/ISMV
173 The mov/mp4/ismv muxer supports fragmentation. Normally, a MOV/MP4
174 file has all the metadata about all packets stored in one location
175 (written at the end of the file, it can be moved to the start for
176 better playback using the @command{qt-faststart} tool). A fragmented
177 file consists of a number of fragments, where packets and metadata
178 about these packets are stored together. Writing a fragmented
179 file has the advantage that the file is decodable even if the
180 writing is interrupted (while a normal MOV/MP4 is undecodable if
181 it is not properly finished), and it requires less memory when writing
182 very long files (since writing normal MOV/MP4 files stores info about
183 every single packet in memory until the file is closed). The downside
184 is that it is less compatible with other applications.
186 Fragmentation is enabled by setting one of the AVOptions that define
187 how to cut the file into fragments:
190 @item -movflags frag_keyframe
191 Start a new fragment at each video keyframe.
192 @item -frag_duration @var{duration}
193 Create fragments that are @var{duration} microseconds long.
194 @item -frag_size @var{size}
195 Create fragments that contain up to @var{size} bytes of payload data.
196 @item -movflags frag_custom
197 Allow the caller to manually choose when to cut fragments, by
198 calling @code{av_write_frame(ctx, NULL)} to write a fragment with
199 the packets written so far. (This is only useful with other
200 applications integrating libavformat, not from @command{avconv}.)
201 @item -min_frag_duration @var{duration}
202 Don't create fragments that are shorter than @var{duration} microseconds long.
205 If more than one condition is specified, fragments are cut when
206 one of the specified conditions is fulfilled. The exception to this is
207 @code{-min_frag_duration}, which has to be fulfilled for any of the other
210 Additionally, the way the output file is written can be adjusted
211 through a few other options:
214 @item -movflags empty_moov
215 Write an initial moov atom directly at the start of the file, without
216 describing any samples in it. Generally, an mdat/moov pair is written
217 at the start of the file, as a normal MOV/MP4 file, containing only
218 a short portion of the file. With this option set, there is no initial
219 mdat atom, and the moov atom only describes the tracks but has
222 Files written with this option set do not work in QuickTime.
223 This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming) files.
224 @item -movflags separate_moof
225 Write a separate moof (movie fragment) atom for each track. Normally,
226 packets for all tracks are written in a moof atom (which is slightly
227 more efficient), but with this option set, the muxer writes one moof/mdat
228 pair for each track, making it easier to separate tracks.
230 This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming) files.
233 Smooth Streaming content can be pushed in real time to a publishing
234 point on IIS with this muxer. Example:
236 avconv -re @var{<normal input/transcoding options>} -movflags isml+frag_keyframe -f ismv http://server/publishingpoint.isml/Streams(Encoder1)
241 MPEG transport stream muxer.
243 This muxer implements ISO 13818-1 and part of ETSI EN 300 468.
245 The muxer options are:
248 @item -mpegts_original_network_id @var{number}
249 Set the original_network_id (default 0x0001). This is unique identifier
250 of a network in DVB. Its main use is in the unique identification of a
251 service through the path Original_Network_ID, Transport_Stream_ID.
252 @item -mpegts_transport_stream_id @var{number}
253 Set the transport_stream_id (default 0x0001). This identifies a
255 @item -mpegts_service_id @var{number}
256 Set the service_id (default 0x0001) also known as program in DVB.
257 @item -mpegts_pmt_start_pid @var{number}
258 Set the first PID for PMT (default 0x1000, max 0x1f00).
259 @item -mpegts_start_pid @var{number}
260 Set the first PID for data packets (default 0x0100, max 0x0f00).
263 The recognized metadata settings in mpegts muxer are @code{service_provider}
264 and @code{service_name}. If they are not set the default for
265 @code{service_provider} is "Libav" and the default for
266 @code{service_name} is "Service01".
269 avconv -i file.mpg -c copy \
270 -mpegts_original_network_id 0x1122 \
271 -mpegts_transport_stream_id 0x3344 \
272 -mpegts_service_id 0x5566 \
273 -mpegts_pmt_start_pid 0x1500 \
274 -mpegts_start_pid 0x150 \
275 -metadata service_provider="Some provider" \
276 -metadata service_name="Some Channel" \
284 This muxer does not generate any output file, it is mainly useful for
285 testing or benchmarking purposes.
287 For example to benchmark decoding with @command{avconv} you can use the
290 avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null out.null
293 Note that the above command does not read or write the @file{out.null}
294 file, but specifying the output file is required by the @command{avconv}
297 Alternatively you can write the command as:
299 avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null -
304 Matroska container muxer.
306 This muxer implements the matroska and webm container specs.
308 The recognized metadata settings in this muxer are:
312 @item title=@var{title name}
313 Name provided to a single track
318 @item language=@var{language name}
319 Specifies the language of the track in the Matroska languages form
324 @item STEREO_MODE=@var{mode}
325 Stereo 3D video layout of two views in a single video track
330 Both views are arranged side by side, Left-eye view is on the left
332 Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is at bottom
334 Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is on top
335 @item checkerboard_rl
336 Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Left-eye view being first
337 @item checkerboard_lr
338 Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Right-eye view being first
339 @item row_interleaved_rl
340 Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Right-eye view is first row
341 @item row_interleaved_lr
342 Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Left-eye view is first row
343 @item col_interleaved_rl
344 Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Right-eye view is first column
345 @item col_interleaved_lr
346 Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Left-eye view is first column
347 @item anaglyph_cyan_red
348 All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through red-cyan filters
350 Both views are arranged side by side, Right-eye view is on the left
351 @item anaglyph_green_magenta
352 All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through green-magenta filters
354 Both eyes laced in one Block, Left-eye view is first
356 Both eyes laced in one Block, Right-eye view is first
360 For example a 3D WebM clip can be created using the following command line:
362 avconv -i sample_left_right_clip.mpg -an -c:v libvpx -metadata STEREO_MODE=left_right -y stereo_clip.webm
367 Basic stream segmenter.
369 The segmenter muxer outputs streams to a number of separate files of nearly
370 fixed duration. Output filename pattern can be set in a fashion similar to
373 Every segment starts with a video keyframe, if a video stream is present.
374 The segment muxer works best with a single constant frame rate video.
376 Optionally it can generate a flat list of the created segments, one segment
380 @item segment_format @var{format}
381 Override the inner container format, by default it is guessed by the filename
383 @item segment_time @var{t}
384 Set segment duration to @var{t} seconds.
385 @item segment_list @var{name}
386 Generate also a listfile named @var{name}.
387 @item segment_list_size @var{size}
388 Overwrite the listfile once it reaches @var{size} entries.
389 @item segment_wrap @var{limit}
390 Wrap around segment index once it reaches @var{limit}.
394 avconv -i in.mkv -c copy -map 0 -f segment -list out.list out%03d.nut
399 The MP3 muxer writes a raw MP3 stream with an ID3v2 header at the beginning and
400 optionally an ID3v1 tag at the end. ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4 are supported, the
401 @code{id3v2_version} option controls which one is used. The legacy ID3v1 tag is
402 not written by default, but may be enabled with the @code{write_id3v1} option.
404 For seekable output the muxer also writes a Xing frame at the beginning, which
405 contains the number of frames in the file. It is useful for computing duration
408 The muxer supports writing ID3v2 attached pictures (APIC frames). The pictures
409 are supplied to the muxer in form of a video stream with a single packet. There
410 can be any number of those streams, each will correspond to a single APIC frame.
411 The stream metadata tags @var{title} and @var{comment} map to APIC
412 @var{description} and @var{picture type} respectively. See
413 @url{http://id3.org/id3v2.4.0-frames} for allowed picture types.
415 Note that the APIC frames must be written at the beginning, so the muxer will
416 buffer the audio frames until it gets all the pictures. It is therefore advised
417 to provide the pictures as soon as possible to avoid excessive buffering.
421 Write an mp3 with an ID3v2.3 header and an ID3v1 footer:
423 avconv -i INPUT -id3v2_version 3 -write_id3v1 1 out.mp3
426 Attach a picture to an mp3:
428 avconv -i input.mp3 -i cover.png -c copy -metadata:s:v title="Album cover"
429 -metadata:s:v comment="Cover (Front)" out.mp3