4 Muxers are configured elements in Libav which allow writing
5 multimedia streams to a particular type of file.
7 When you configure your Libav build, all the supported muxers
8 are enabled by default. You can list all available muxers using the
9 configure option @code{--list-muxers}.
11 You can disable all the muxers with the configure option
12 @code{--disable-muxers} and selectively enable / disable single muxers
13 with the options @code{--enable-muxer=@var{MUXER}} /
14 @code{--disable-muxer=@var{MUXER}}.
16 The option @code{-formats} of the ff* tools will display the list of
19 A description of some of the currently available muxers follows.
24 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
26 This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC of all the input audio
27 and video frames. By default audio frames are converted to signed
28 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the
31 The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form:
32 CRC=0x@var{CRC}, where @var{CRC} is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to
33 8 digits containing the CRC for all the decoded input frames.
35 For example to compute the CRC of the input, and store it in the file
38 avconv -i INPUT -f crc out.crc
41 You can print the CRC to stdout with the command:
43 avconv -i INPUT -f crc -
46 You can select the output format of each frame with @command{avconv} by
47 specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example to
48 compute the CRC of the input audio converted to PCM unsigned 8-bit
49 and the input video converted to MPEG-2 video, use the command:
51 avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f crc -
54 See also the @ref{framecrc} muxer.
59 Per-frame CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
61 This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC for each decoded audio
62 and video frame. By default audio frames are converted to signed
63 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the
66 The output of the muxer consists of a line for each audio and video
67 frame of the form: @var{stream_index}, @var{frame_dts},
68 @var{frame_size}, 0x@var{CRC}, where @var{CRC} is a hexadecimal
69 number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC of the decoded frame.
71 For example to compute the CRC of each decoded frame in the input, and
72 store it in the file @file{out.crc}:
74 avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc out.crc
77 You can print the CRC of each decoded frame to stdout with the command:
79 avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc -
82 You can select the output format of each frame with @command{avconv} by
83 specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example, to
84 compute the CRC of each decoded input audio frame converted to PCM
85 unsigned 8-bit and of each decoded input video frame converted to
86 MPEG-2 video, use the command:
88 avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f framecrc -
91 See also the @ref{crc} muxer.
96 Apple HTTP Live Streaming muxer that segments MPEG-TS according to
97 the HTTP Live Streaming specification.
99 It creates a playlist file and numbered segment files. The output
100 filename specifies the playlist filename; the segment filenames
101 receive the same basename as the playlist, a sequential number and
105 avconv -i in.nut out.m3u8
109 @item -hls_time segment length in seconds
110 @item -hls_list_size maximum number of playlist entries
111 @item -hls_wrap number after which index wraps
119 The image file muxer writes video frames to image files.
121 The output filenames are specified by a pattern, which can be used to
122 produce sequentially numbered series of files.
123 The pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", this string
124 specifies the position of the characters representing a numbering in
125 the filenames. If the form "%0@var{N}d" is used, the string
126 representing the number in each filename is 0-padded to @var{N}
127 digits. The literal character '%' can be specified in the pattern with
130 If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", the first filename of
131 the file list specified will contain the number 1, all the following
132 numbers will be sequential.
134 The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
135 determine the format of the image files to write.
137 For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will specify a sequence of
138 filenames of the form @file{img-001.bmp}, @file{img-002.bmp}, ...,
139 @file{img-010.bmp}, etc.
140 The pattern "img%%-%d.jpg" will specify a sequence of filenames of the
141 form @file{img%-1.jpg}, @file{img%-2.jpg}, ..., @file{img%-10.jpg},
144 The following example shows how to use @command{avconv} for creating a
145 sequence of files @file{img-001.jpeg}, @file{img-002.jpeg}, ...,
146 taking one image every second from the input video:
148 avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 -f image2 'img-%03d.jpeg'
151 Note that with @command{avconv}, if the format is not specified with the
152 @code{-f} option and the output filename specifies an image file
153 format, the image2 muxer is automatically selected, so the previous
154 command can be written as:
156 avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 'img-%03d.jpeg'
159 Note also that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or
160 "%0@var{N}d", for example to create a single image file
161 @file{img.jpeg} from the input video you can employ the command:
163 avconv -i in.avi -f image2 -frames:v 1 img.jpeg
166 @section MOV/MP4/ISMV
168 The mov/mp4/ismv muxer supports fragmentation. Normally, a MOV/MP4
169 file has all the metadata about all packets stored in one location
170 (written at the end of the file, it can be moved to the start for
171 better playback using the @command{qt-faststart} tool). A fragmented
172 file consists of a number of fragments, where packets and metadata
173 about these packets are stored together. Writing a fragmented
174 file has the advantage that the file is decodable even if the
175 writing is interrupted (while a normal MOV/MP4 is undecodable if
176 it is not properly finished), and it requires less memory when writing
177 very long files (since writing normal MOV/MP4 files stores info about
178 every single packet in memory until the file is closed). The downside
179 is that it is less compatible with other applications.
181 Fragmentation is enabled by setting one of the AVOptions that define
182 how to cut the file into fragments:
185 @item -movflags frag_keyframe
186 Start a new fragment at each video keyframe.
187 @item -frag_duration @var{duration}
188 Create fragments that are @var{duration} microseconds long.
189 @item -frag_size @var{size}
190 Create fragments that contain up to @var{size} bytes of payload data.
191 @item -movflags frag_custom
192 Allow the caller to manually choose when to cut fragments, by
193 calling @code{av_write_frame(ctx, NULL)} to write a fragment with
194 the packets written so far. (This is only useful with other
195 applications integrating libavformat, not from @command{avconv}.)
196 @item -min_frag_duration @var{duration}
197 Don't create fragments that are shorter than @var{duration} microseconds long.
200 If more than one condition is specified, fragments are cut when
201 one of the specified conditions is fulfilled. The exception to this is
202 @code{-min_frag_duration}, which has to be fulfilled for any of the other
205 Additionally, the way the output file is written can be adjusted
206 through a few other options:
209 @item -movflags empty_moov
210 Write an initial moov atom directly at the start of the file, without
211 describing any samples in it. Generally, an mdat/moov pair is written
212 at the start of the file, as a normal MOV/MP4 file, containing only
213 a short portion of the file. With this option set, there is no initial
214 mdat atom, and the moov atom only describes the tracks but has
217 Files written with this option set do not work in QuickTime.
218 This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming) files.
219 @item -movflags separate_moof
220 Write a separate moof (movie fragment) atom for each track. Normally,
221 packets for all tracks are written in a moof atom (which is slightly
222 more efficient), but with this option set, the muxer writes one moof/mdat
223 pair for each track, making it easier to separate tracks.
225 This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming) files.
228 Smooth Streaming content can be pushed in real time to a publishing
229 point on IIS with this muxer. Example:
231 avconv -re @var{<normal input/transcoding options>} -movflags isml+frag_keyframe -f ismv http://server/publishingpoint.isml/Streams(Encoder1)
236 MPEG transport stream muxer.
238 This muxer implements ISO 13818-1 and part of ETSI EN 300 468.
240 The muxer options are:
243 @item -mpegts_original_network_id @var{number}
244 Set the original_network_id (default 0x0001). This is unique identifier
245 of a network in DVB. Its main use is in the unique identification of a
246 service through the path Original_Network_ID, Transport_Stream_ID.
247 @item -mpegts_transport_stream_id @var{number}
248 Set the transport_stream_id (default 0x0001). This identifies a
250 @item -mpegts_service_id @var{number}
251 Set the service_id (default 0x0001) also known as program in DVB.
252 @item -mpegts_pmt_start_pid @var{number}
253 Set the first PID for PMT (default 0x1000, max 0x1f00).
254 @item -mpegts_start_pid @var{number}
255 Set the first PID for data packets (default 0x0100, max 0x0f00).
258 The recognized metadata settings in mpegts muxer are @code{service_provider}
259 and @code{service_name}. If they are not set the default for
260 @code{service_provider} is "Libav" and the default for
261 @code{service_name} is "Service01".
264 avconv -i file.mpg -c copy \
265 -mpegts_original_network_id 0x1122 \
266 -mpegts_transport_stream_id 0x3344 \
267 -mpegts_service_id 0x5566 \
268 -mpegts_pmt_start_pid 0x1500 \
269 -mpegts_start_pid 0x150 \
270 -metadata service_provider="Some provider" \
271 -metadata service_name="Some Channel" \
279 This muxer does not generate any output file, it is mainly useful for
280 testing or benchmarking purposes.
282 For example to benchmark decoding with @command{avconv} you can use the
285 avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null out.null
288 Note that the above command does not read or write the @file{out.null}
289 file, but specifying the output file is required by the @command{avconv}
292 Alternatively you can write the command as:
294 avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null -
299 Matroska container muxer.
301 This muxer implements the matroska and webm container specs.
303 The recognized metadata settings in this muxer are:
307 @item title=@var{title name}
308 Name provided to a single track
313 @item language=@var{language name}
314 Specifies the language of the track in the Matroska languages form
319 @item STEREO_MODE=@var{mode}
320 Stereo 3D video layout of two views in a single video track
325 Both views are arranged side by side, Left-eye view is on the left
327 Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is at bottom
329 Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is on top
330 @item checkerboard_rl
331 Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Left-eye view being first
332 @item checkerboard_lr
333 Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Right-eye view being first
334 @item row_interleaved_rl
335 Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Right-eye view is first row
336 @item row_interleaved_lr
337 Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Left-eye view is first row
338 @item col_interleaved_rl
339 Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Right-eye view is first column
340 @item col_interleaved_lr
341 Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Left-eye view is first column
342 @item anaglyph_cyan_red
343 All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through red-cyan filters
345 Both views are arranged side by side, Right-eye view is on the left
346 @item anaglyph_green_magenta
347 All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through green-magenta filters
349 Both eyes laced in one Block, Left-eye view is first
351 Both eyes laced in one Block, Right-eye view is first
355 For example a 3D WebM clip can be created using the following command line:
357 avconv -i sample_left_right_clip.mpg -an -c:v libvpx -metadata STEREO_MODE=left_right -y stereo_clip.webm
362 Basic stream segmenter.
364 The segmenter muxer outputs streams to a number of separate files of nearly
365 fixed duration. Output filename pattern can be set in a fashion similar to
368 Every segment starts with a video keyframe, if a video stream is present.
369 The segment muxer works best with a single constant frame rate video.
371 Optionally it can generate a flat list of the created segments, one segment
375 @item segment_format @var{format}
376 Override the inner container format, by default it is guessed by the filename
378 @item segment_time @var{t}
379 Set segment duration to @var{t} seconds.
380 @item segment_list @var{name}
381 Generate also a listfile named @var{name}.
382 @item segment_list_size @var{size}
383 Overwrite the listfile once it reaches @var{size} entries.
384 @item segment_wrap @var{limit}
385 Wrap around segment index once it reaches @var{limit}.
389 avconv -i in.mkv -c copy -map 0 -f segment -list out.list out%03d.nut
394 The MP3 muxer writes a raw MP3 stream with an ID3v2 header at the beginning and
395 optionally an ID3v1 tag at the end. ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4 are supported, the
396 @code{id3v2_version} option controls which one is used. The legacy ID3v1 tag is
397 not written by default, but may be enabled with the @code{write_id3v1} option.
399 For seekable output the muxer also writes a Xing frame at the beginning, which
400 contains the number of frames in the file. It is useful for computing duration
403 The muxer supports writing ID3v2 attached pictures (APIC frames). The pictures
404 are supplied to the muxer in form of a video stream with a single packet. There
405 can be any number of those streams, each will correspond to a single APIC frame.
406 The stream metadata tags @var{title} and @var{comment} map to APIC
407 @var{description} and @var{picture type} respectively. See
408 @url{http://id3.org/id3v2.4.0-frames} for allowed picture types.
410 Note that the APIC frames must be written at the beginning, so the muxer will
411 buffer the audio frames until it gets all the pictures. It is therefore advised
412 to provide the pictures as soon as possible to avoid excessive buffering.
416 Write an mp3 with an ID3v2.3 header and an ID3v1 footer:
418 avconv -i INPUT -id3v2_version 3 -write_id3v1 1 out.mp3
421 Attach a picture to an mp3:
423 avconv -i input.mp3 -i cover.png -c copy -metadata:s:v title="Album cover"
424 -metadata:s:v comment="Cover (Front)" out.mp3