4 Muxers are configured elements in Libav which allow writing
5 multimedia streams to a particular type of file.
7 When you configure your Libav build, all the supported muxers
8 are enabled by default. You can list all available muxers using the
9 configure option @code{--list-muxers}.
11 You can disable all the muxers with the configure option
12 @code{--disable-muxers} and selectively enable / disable single muxers
13 with the options @code{--enable-muxer=@var{MUXER}} /
14 @code{--disable-muxer=@var{MUXER}}.
16 The option @code{-formats} of the ff* tools will display the list of
19 A description of some of the currently available muxers follows.
24 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
26 This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC of all the input audio
27 and video frames. By default audio frames are converted to signed
28 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the
31 The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form:
32 CRC=0x@var{CRC}, where @var{CRC} is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to
33 8 digits containing the CRC for all the decoded input frames.
35 For example to compute the CRC of the input, and store it in the file
38 avconv -i INPUT -f crc out.crc
41 You can print the CRC to stdout with the command:
43 avconv -i INPUT -f crc -
46 You can select the output format of each frame with @command{avconv} by
47 specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example to
48 compute the CRC of the input audio converted to PCM unsigned 8-bit
49 and the input video converted to MPEG-2 video, use the command:
51 avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f crc -
54 See also the @ref{framecrc} muxer.
59 Per-frame CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
61 This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC for each decoded audio
62 and video frame. By default audio frames are converted to signed
63 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the
66 The output of the muxer consists of a line for each audio and video
67 frame of the form: @var{stream_index}, @var{frame_dts},
68 @var{frame_size}, 0x@var{CRC}, where @var{CRC} is a hexadecimal
69 number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC of the decoded frame.
71 For example to compute the CRC of each decoded frame in the input, and
72 store it in the file @file{out.crc}:
74 avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc out.crc
77 You can print the CRC of each decoded frame to stdout with the command:
79 avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc -
82 You can select the output format of each frame with @command{avconv} by
83 specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example, to
84 compute the CRC of each decoded input audio frame converted to PCM
85 unsigned 8-bit and of each decoded input video frame converted to
86 MPEG-2 video, use the command:
88 avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f framecrc -
91 See also the @ref{crc} muxer.
98 The image file muxer writes video frames to image files.
100 The output filenames are specified by a pattern, which can be used to
101 produce sequentially numbered series of files.
102 The pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", this string
103 specifies the position of the characters representing a numbering in
104 the filenames. If the form "%0@var{N}d" is used, the string
105 representing the number in each filename is 0-padded to @var{N}
106 digits. The literal character '%' can be specified in the pattern with
109 If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0@var{N}d", the first filename of
110 the file list specified will contain the number 1, all the following
111 numbers will be sequential.
113 The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically
114 determine the format of the image files to write.
116 For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will specify a sequence of
117 filenames of the form @file{img-001.bmp}, @file{img-002.bmp}, ...,
118 @file{img-010.bmp}, etc.
119 The pattern "img%%-%d.jpg" will specify a sequence of filenames of the
120 form @file{img%-1.jpg}, @file{img%-2.jpg}, ..., @file{img%-10.jpg},
123 The following example shows how to use @command{avconv} for creating a
124 sequence of files @file{img-001.jpeg}, @file{img-002.jpeg}, ...,
125 taking one image every second from the input video:
127 avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 -f image2 'img-%03d.jpeg'
130 Note that with @command{avconv}, if the format is not specified with the
131 @code{-f} option and the output filename specifies an image file
132 format, the image2 muxer is automatically selected, so the previous
133 command can be written as:
135 avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 'img-%03d.jpeg'
138 Note also that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or
139 "%0@var{N}d", for example to create a single image file
140 @file{img.jpeg} from the input video you can employ the command:
142 avconv -i in.avi -f image2 -frames:v 1 img.jpeg
145 @section MOV/MP4/ISMV
147 The mov/mp4/ismv muxer supports fragmentation. Normally, a MOV/MP4
148 file has all the metadata about all packets stored in one location
149 (written at the end of the file, it can be moved to the start for
150 better playback using the @command{qt-faststart} tool). A fragmented
151 file consists of a number of fragments, where packets and metadata
152 about these packets are stored together. Writing a fragmented
153 file has the advantage that the file is decodable even if the
154 writing is interrupted (while a normal MOV/MP4 is undecodable if
155 it is not properly finished), and it requires less memory when writing
156 very long files (since writing normal MOV/MP4 files stores info about
157 every single packet in memory until the file is closed). The downside
158 is that it is less compatible with other applications.
160 Fragmentation is enabled by setting one of the AVOptions that define
161 how to cut the file into fragments:
164 @item -movflags frag_keyframe
165 Start a new fragment at each video keyframe.
166 @item -frag_duration @var{duration}
167 Create fragments that are @var{duration} microseconds long.
168 @item -frag_size @var{size}
169 Create fragments that contain up to @var{size} bytes of payload data.
170 @item -movflags frag_custom
171 Allow the caller to manually choose when to cut fragments, by
172 calling @code{av_write_frame(ctx, NULL)} to write a fragment with
173 the packets written so far. (This is only useful with other
174 applications integrating libavformat, not from @command{avconv}.)
177 Additionally, the way the output file is written can be adjusted
178 through a few other options:
181 @item -movflags empty_moov
182 Write an initial moov atom directly at the start of the file, without
183 describing any samples in it. Generally, an mdat/moov pair is written
184 at the start of the file, as a normal MOV/MP4 file, containing only
185 a short portion of the file. With this option set, there is no initial
186 mdat atom, and the moov atom only describes the tracks but has
189 Files written with this option set do not work in QuickTime.
190 This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming) files.
191 @item -movflags separate_moof
192 Write a separate moof (movie fragment) atom for each track. Normally,
193 packets for all tracks are written in a moof atom (which is slightly
194 more efficient), but with this option set, the muxer writes one moof/mdat
195 pair for each track, making it easier to separate tracks.
197 This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming) files.
200 Smooth Streaming content can be pushed in real time to a publishing
201 point on IIS with this muxer. Example:
203 avconv -re @var{<normal input/transcoding options>} -movflags isml+frag_keyframe -f ismv http://server/publishingpoint.isml/Streams(Encoder1)
208 MPEG transport stream muxer.
210 This muxer implements ISO 13818-1 and part of ETSI EN 300 468.
212 The muxer options are:
215 @item -mpegts_original_network_id @var{number}
216 Set the original_network_id (default 0x0001). This is unique identifier
217 of a network in DVB. Its main use is in the unique identification of a
218 service through the path Original_Network_ID, Transport_Stream_ID.
219 @item -mpegts_transport_stream_id @var{number}
220 Set the transport_stream_id (default 0x0001). This identifies a
222 @item -mpegts_service_id @var{number}
223 Set the service_id (default 0x0001) also known as program in DVB.
224 @item -mpegts_pmt_start_pid @var{number}
225 Set the first PID for PMT (default 0x1000, max 0x1f00).
226 @item -mpegts_start_pid @var{number}
227 Set the first PID for data packets (default 0x0100, max 0x0f00).
230 The recognized metadata settings in mpegts muxer are @code{service_provider}
231 and @code{service_name}. If they are not set the default for
232 @code{service_provider} is "Libav" and the default for
233 @code{service_name} is "Service01".
236 avconv -i file.mpg -c copy \
237 -mpegts_original_network_id 0x1122 \
238 -mpegts_transport_stream_id 0x3344 \
239 -mpegts_service_id 0x5566 \
240 -mpegts_pmt_start_pid 0x1500 \
241 -mpegts_start_pid 0x150 \
242 -metadata service_provider="Some provider" \
243 -metadata service_name="Some Channel" \
251 This muxer does not generate any output file, it is mainly useful for
252 testing or benchmarking purposes.
254 For example to benchmark decoding with @command{avconv} you can use the
257 avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null out.null
260 Note that the above command does not read or write the @file{out.null}
261 file, but specifying the output file is required by the @command{avconv}
264 Alternatively you can write the command as:
266 avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null -
271 Matroska container muxer.
273 This muxer implements the matroska and webm container specs.
275 The recognized metadata settings in this muxer are:
279 @item title=@var{title name}
280 Name provided to a single track
285 @item language=@var{language name}
286 Specifies the language of the track in the Matroska languages form
291 @item STEREO_MODE=@var{mode}
292 Stereo 3D video layout of two views in a single video track
297 Both views are arranged side by side, Left-eye view is on the left
299 Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is at bottom
301 Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is on top
302 @item checkerboard_rl
303 Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Left-eye view being first
304 @item checkerboard_lr
305 Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Right-eye view being first
306 @item row_interleaved_rl
307 Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Right-eye view is first row
308 @item row_interleaved_lr
309 Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Left-eye view is first row
310 @item col_interleaved_rl
311 Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Right-eye view is first column
312 @item col_interleaved_lr
313 Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Left-eye view is first column
314 @item anaglyph_cyan_red
315 All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through red-cyan filters
317 Both views are arranged side by side, Right-eye view is on the left
318 @item anaglyph_green_magenta
319 All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through green-magenta filters
321 Both eyes laced in one Block, Left-eye view is first
323 Both eyes laced in one Block, Right-eye view is first
327 For example a 3D WebM clip can be created using the following command line:
329 avconv -i sample_left_right_clip.mpg -an -c:v libvpx -metadata STEREO_MODE=left_right -y stereo_clip.webm
334 Basic stream segmenter.
336 The segmenter muxer outputs streams to a number of separate files of nearly
337 fixed duration. Output filename pattern can be set in a fashion similar to
340 Every segment starts with a video keyframe, if a video stream is present.
341 The segment muxer works best with a single constant frame rate video.
343 Optionally it can generate a flat list of the created segments, one segment
347 @item segment_format @var{format}
348 Override the inner container format, by default it is guessed by the filename
350 @item segment_time @var{t}
351 Set segment duration to @var{t} seconds.
352 @item segment_list @var{name}
353 Generate also a listfile named @var{name}.
354 @item segment_list_size @var{size}
355 Overwrite the listfile once it reaches @var{size} entries.
356 @item segment_wrap @var{limit}
357 Wrap around segment index once it reaches @var{limit}.
361 avconv -i in.mkv -c copy -map 0 -f segment -list out.list out%03d.nut