1 .\" Copyright (c) 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
2 .\" All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
5 .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
6 .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
7 .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such
8 .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
9 .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
10 .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
11 .\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
12 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
13 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
14 .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
16 .\" @(#)ref.me 6.4 (Berkeley) 7/17/89
18 .\" Modified by jjc@jclark.com for groff.
24 .de TL \" *** title line
35 \\\\h'|\\\\n(DIu'\\\\c
52 .he '\-ME REFERENCE MANUAL''%'
60 .\"eh 'USD:23-%''\-me Reference Manual'
61 .\"oh '\-me Reference Manual''USD:23-%'
65 .b "\-ME REFERENCE MANUAL"
68 .i "\*G Version \*(MO\(dg"
70 \(dgBased on Berkeley Release 2.31.
76 *Author's current address:
78 1919 Addison Suite 105,
79 Berkeley, California 94704.
83 Electronics Research Laboratory
84 University of California, Berkeley
85 Berkeley, California 94720
87 .i "Modified for \*G by James Clark"
91 This document describes
92 in extremely terse form
98 Some familiarity is assumed
102 the reader should understand
106 the use and definition of number registers
108 how to define macros,
109 and scaling factors for ens, points,
111 (vertical line spaces),
114 For a more casual introduction
117 refer to the document
119 Writing Papers with \*G using \-me.
121 There are a number of macro parameters
122 that may be adjusted.
123 Fonts may be set to a font number only.
124 Font 0 is no font change;
125 the font of the surrounding text
127 Notice that font 0 is a
130 it is simulated by the macros.
131 This means that although it is valid to set a font register
133 it is not valid to use the escape character form,
141 so it is nearly always necessary
142 to use a scaling factor.
145 to set the paragraph indent
146 to eight one-en spaces is:
154 which would set the paragraph indent to eight basic units,
156 Default parameter values are given in brackets
157 in the remainder of this document.
159 Registers and strings
163 may be used in expressions
164 but should not be changed.
168 perform some function
171 to change this function.
172 This may be a sensitive operation;
173 look at the body of the original macro
177 follow a rigid naming convention.
178 The user may define number registers,
182 uses single character upper case names
183 or double character names
184 consisting of letters and digits,
185 with at least one upper case letter.
186 In no case should special characters
187 be used in user-defined names.
188 Locally defined macros
189 should all be of the form
195 (upper or lower case)
198 This documentation applies to \*G version
203 These macros are used
205 The standard paragraph macro
208 the others are all variants
209 to be used for special purposes.
211 After the first call to one of the paragraphing macros
212 defined in this section
216 (defined in the next session),
217 the effects of changing parameters
218 which will have a global effect
219 on the format of the page
220 (notably page length and header and footer margins)
222 and should be avoided.
226 Begin left-justified paragraph.
227 Centering and underlining
228 are turned off if they were on,
266 This is the standard paragraph macro.
274 The body of the following paragraph
285 more than a non-indented paragraph
291 is exdented (opposite of indented).
292 The result is a paragraph
293 with an even left edge
296 printed in the margin.
302 will not fit in the space provided,
304 will start a new line.
308 A variant of .ip which numbers paragraphs.
315 The current paragraph number
323 except that paragraphs are marked with bullets (\(bu).
324 Leading space is eliminated to create compact lists.
325 .sh 1 "Section Headings"
328 are similar to paragraphs
332 generated for each one.
333 The section numbers are of the form
338 is the count of numbers
339 (separated by decimal points)
340 in the section number.
342 Unnumbered section headings are similar,
343 except that no number is attached
351 Begin numbered section
363 the individual parts of the section number
371 space before the section.
383 of the section may be accessed via
391 times the section depth,
392 and the section title
397 an additional indent of
400 is added to the section title
401 (but not to the body of the section).
403 to the paragraph font,
404 so that more information may occur
406 with the section number
409 insures that there is enough room
410 to print the section head
411 plus the beginning of a paragraph
412 (about 3 lines total).
418 the section number is set to that number
419 rather than incremented automatically.
425 that number is not reset.
428 is a single underscore
431 then the section depth and numbering is reset,
432 but the base indent is not reset
433 and nothing is printed out.
434 This is useful to automatically
435 coordinate section numbers with
445 but do not print the number
447 and do not increment the section number
451 of starting a new paragraph
458 Unnumbered section heading.
462 with the same rules for spacing,
472 Print section heading.
474 to get fancier headings.
476 is the title passed on the
482 is the section number for this section,
485 is the depth of this section.
486 These parameters are not always present;
491 passes only the first,
497 Care should be taken if this macro
499 it is quite complex and subtle.
506 This macro is called automatically
509 It is normally undefined,
513 into the table of contents
514 or for some similar function.
517 for the section title which was just printed,
519 is the section number,
522 is the section depth.
528 Traps called just before printing that depth section.
531 give variable spacing
533 These macros are called from
535 so if you redefine that macro
536 you may lose this feature.
537 .sh 1 "Headers and Footers"
538 .ds TP \fI\(aal\|\(aam\^\(aar\^\(aa\fP
541 are put at the top and bottom
550 Each of the definitions
556 if there are two blanks adjacent
557 anywhere in the title
558 or more than eight blanks total.
561 of headers and footers
562 are controlled by three number registers.
565 is the distance from the top of the page
566 to the top of the header,
569 is the distance from the bottom of the page
570 to the bottom of the footer,
573 is the distance from the top of the page
574 to the top of the text,
578 is the distance from the bottom of the page
579 to the bottom of the text
587 are also supplied for compatibility
589 \s-1ROFF\s0 documents.
594 Define three-part header,
595 to be printed on the top
602 to be printed at the bottom
609 to be printed at the top of every
616 to be printed at the top of every
623 to be printed at the bottom
624 of every even-numbered page.
630 to be printed at the bottom
631 of every odd-numbered page.
635 Suppress headers and footers
641 Set the space between the top of the page
648 Set the space between the header
649 and the first line of text
656 between the bottom of the text
665 and the bottom of the page
671 but do not begin the next page.
672 Useful for forcing out footnotes,
674 that hardly every used.
675 Must be followed by a
689 loses the function of the
698 as well as the chapter-style title feature
711 A normally undefined macro
713 at the top of each page
716 initial saved floating keeps,
719 this macro is called immediately before
722 It can be used for column headings
726 All displays except centered blocks
728 are preceded and followed
734 Quote spacing is stored in a separate register;
735 centered blocks have no default initial or trailing space.
736 The vertical spacing of all displays except quotes
738 is stored in register
748 Lists are single spaced,
754 the list will be filled.
761 the list is indented by
766 the list is indented to the left margin;
769 the list is left justified with respect to the text
772 only if the base indent
780 the list is centered on a line-by-line basis.
781 The list is set in font
786 This macro is almost like
788 except that no attempt is made
789 to keep the display on one page.
798 These are single spaced,
800 moved in from the text
805 preceded and followed
811 and are set in point size
813 [one point smaller than surrounding text].
826 where the text of a keep
827 is kept together on one page
830 for tables and figures
831 which should not be broken
833 If the block will not fit
837 that would leave more than
841 at the bottom of the text.
844 is zero, the threshold feature
846 Blocks are not filled
851 when they are filled.
852 The block will be left-justified
871 and left justified to the margin
872 (not to the base indent)
877 The block is set in font
892 except that the keep is
894 to the bottom of the page
895 or the top of the next page.
897 its position relative to the text changes.
898 The floating keep is preceded and followed
913 Begin centered block.
915 is centered as a block,
916 rather than on a line-by-line basis
919 This call may be nested
930 Everything in the next keep
935 similar to footnotes.
941 The delayed text number register
943 and the associated string
952 Everything diverted via
954 is printed and truncated.
956 at the end of each chapter.
961 The text of the footnote
962 is floated to the bottom
982 from the right margin.
983 Footnotes line up underneath
985 If the text of the footnote
986 will not all fit on one page
987 it will be carried over
996 and the associated string
999 if they have been referenced.
1003 The macro to output the footnote separator.
1004 This macro may be redefined
1005 to give other size lines or other types
1008 it draws a 1.5i line.
1014 Index entries are saved in the index
1018 until called up with
1020 Each entry is preceded
1030 this register tells how far the page number
1031 extends into the right margin.
1039 is finished with a row of dots
1043 right justified on the last line
1044 (such as for an author's name),
1054 can be used to print the current page number.
1069 The index is formatted in the font, size, and so forth
1070 in effect at the time it is printed,
1071 rather than at the time it is collected.
1072 .sh 1 "Columned Output"
1078 Enter two-column mode.
1079 The column separation is set to
1081 [4n, 0.5i in ACM mode]
1085 calculated to fill the single column line length
1092 You can test register
1095 to see if you are in single column
1096 or double column mode.
1105 Revert to single-column mode.
1112 except that it begins a new column
1115 rather than forcing a whole new page
1116 if there is another column left
1117 on the current page.
1118 .sh 1 "Fonts and Sizes"
1123 The pointsize is set to
1126 and the line spacing is set proportionally.
1127 The line spacing as a percentage of the pointsize expressed in units
1130 The percentage used internally
1131 by displays and annotations
1134 (although this is not used by
1138 sticky beyond many macros:
1141 (paragraph pointsize)
1142 modifies the pointsize every time a new paragraph is begun
1153 (footnote pointsize),
1157 (section header pointsize),
1161 may modify the pointsize.
1172 in the previous font.
1173 To append different font requests,
1179 change to roman font.
1190 in the previous font.
1192 change to italic font.
1203 in the previous font.
1205 switch to bold font.
1215 This is a true underlining,
1221 (usually italics in \*G).
1225 is spread or broken (including hyphenated).
1227 it is safe in nofill mode only.
1268 is spread or broken (including hyphenated).
1270 it is safe in nofill mode only.
1278 in a smaller pointsize,
1282 .sh 1 "Roff Support"
1298 contiguous white space,
1299 on the next page if not enough room
1321 Set page number in Arabic.
1327 Number lines in margin from one
1338 missing; resume where stopped with (unsigned) value
1348 is c, maintain compatibility with original
1350 by narrowing line width to accommodate numbers.
1354 Leave the next output page blank,
1355 except for headers and footers.
1356 This is used to leave space
1357 for a full-page diagram
1358 which is produced externally
1359 and pasted in later.
1360 To get a partial-page paste-in display,
1366 is the amount of space
1368 this space will be output immediately
1370 and will otherwise be output
1371 at the top of the next page.
1375 is greater than the amount of available space
1377 no space will ever be output.
1378 .sh 1 "Preprocessor Support"
1385 The equation is centered
1398 and left justified if
1403 is a title printed on the right margin
1404 next to the equation.
1406 .i "Typesetting Mathematics \- User's Guide"
1407 by Brian W. Kernighan
1408 and Lorinda L. Cherry.
1418 the equation must be continued
1419 by immediately following
1424 along with this one.
1426 the equation is printed,
1438 Tables are single spaced
1439 and kept on one page
1441 If you have a large table
1442 which will not fit on one page,
1447 and follow the header part
1448 (to be printed on every page of the table)
1452 .i "Tbl \- A Program to Format Tables"
1459 ends the header portion of the table.
1464 Note that this table
1467 it is not even guaranteed to stay on one page
1468 if you use requests such as
1470 intermixed with the text
1472 If you want it to float
1473 (or if you use requests
1475 surround the entire table
1497 both in basic units.
1519 picture (alternate form).
1533 to center, left, or right justify the
1535 Default is centering the image.
1547 picture (alternate form).
1548 .sh 1 "Miscellaneous"
1552 Reset tabs every 0.5i.
1566 come out indented by this amount.
1567 Titles and footnotes
1577 and sets the base indent to
1585 Set the line length to
1591 because it only affects the current environment.
1596 Set line length in all environments
1600 This should not be used
1601 after output has begun,
1602 and particularly not in two-column output.
1603 The current line length is stored in
1608 Draws a horizontal line
1609 the length of the page.
1611 inside floating keeps
1615 .sh 1 "Standard Papers"
1620 Spacing at the top of the page
1622 and headers and footers are suppressed.
1632 This request defines the section of the paper
1633 which we are entering.
1634 The section type is defined by
1637 means that we are entering the chapter portion
1640 means that we are entering the appendix portion
1643 means that the material following
1644 should be the preliminary portion
1645 (abstract, table of contents, etc.)
1646 portion of the paper,
1648 means that we are entering the abstract
1649 (numbered independently from 1
1650 in Arabic numerals),
1653 means that we are entering the bibliographic
1654 portion at the end of the paper.
1660 which specify renumbering of pages
1661 from one at the beginning of each
1662 chapter or appendix,
1664 The section type is available in register
1666 [1]; value 1 is equivalent to type
1670 value 2 represents type
1674 and values 3 to 5 are type
1682 parameter defines the new header.
1683 If there are any spaces in it,
1684 the entire header must be quoted.
1685 If you want the header to have the chapter number
1689 For example, to number appendixes
1693 .b ".++ RA \(aa\(aa\(aa\e\e\e\en(ch.%\(aa" .
1695 (chapter, appendix, etc.)
1696 should be preceded by the
1699 It should be mentioned
1700 that it is easier when using
1701 \*T to put the front material
1702 at the end of the paper,
1703 so that the table of contents
1704 can be collected and put out;
1705 this material can then be physically
1706 moved to the beginning of the paper.
1711 Begin chapter with title
1716 This register is incremented
1719 is called with a parameter.
1720 The title and chapter number
1723 The header is moved to the footer
1731 this is useful for doing your own
1733 at the beginning of papers
1734 without a title page proper.
1738 as a hook so that chapter titles can be inserted
1739 into a table of contents automatically.
1740 The footnote numbering is reset to one.
1745 Print chapter number
1750 This macro can be redefined to your liking.
1751 It is defined by default
1757 which can be defined to make index entries,
1765 This macro is called by
1767 It is normally undefined,
1768 but can be used to automatically insert
1781 is the chapter or appendix number,
1784 is the chapter or appendix title.
1785 .sh 1 "Predefined Strings"
1789 Footnote number, actually
1793 This macro is incremented
1799 Delayed text number.
1807 This string gives upward movement
1808 and a change to a smaller point size.
1809 Extra space is left above the line
1810 to allow room for the superscript.
1818 to produce a superscript
1830 Extra space is left below the line
1831 to allow for the subscript.
1840 The day of the week,
1852 The date is of the form February 15, 2003.
1853 Other forms of the date can be used
1856 (the day of the month;
1863 but as an ordinal number;
1864 for example, February is 2),
1869 (the last two digits of the current year).
1884 .sh 1 "Special Characters and Marks"
1886 There are a number of special characters
1887 and diacritical marks
1889 available through \-me.
1893 Acute accent \e*\(aa a\e*\(aa a\*'
1894 Grave accent \e*\(ga e\e*\(ga e\*`
1895 Umlaut \e*: u\e*: u\*:
1896 Tilde \e*~ n\e*~ n\*~
1897 Caret \e*^ e\e*^ e\*^
1898 Cedilla \e*, c\e*, c\*,
1899 Czech \e*v e\e*v e\*v
1900 Circle \e*o A\e*o A\*o
1901 There exists \e*(qe \*(qe
1902 For all \e*(qa \*(qa
1907 I would like to thank
1911 for having the courage
1912 to use the \-me macros
1913 to produce non-trivial papers
1914 during the development stages;
1918 for their help with the documentation phase;
1920 for numerous complaints,
1921 most accompanied by fixes;
1922 and the plethora of people who have contributed ideas
1923 and have given support for the project.
1927 This alphabetical list summarizes all macros, strings, and number registers
1928 available in the \-me macros.
1931 commands, registers, and functions are included as well;
1932 those listed can generally be used with impunity.
1934 The columns are the name of the
1935 command, macro, register, or string;
1936 the type of the object,
1937 and the description.
1940 for macro or builtin command
1945 in the first input column),
1953 for a number register
1963 (invoked by preceding it with a single backslash).
1965 Lines marked with \(sc are
1968 Lines marked with \(dg or \(dd
1969 may be defined by the user to get special functions;
1970 \(dd indicates that these are defined by default
1971 and changing them may have unexpected side effects.
1972 Lines marked with \(de
1979 .ta \w'\e(space)\(sc\ 'u +\w'TYPE 'u
1980 NAME TYPE DESCRIPTION
1985 \e(space) F\(sc unpaddable space
1986 \e" F\(sc comment (to end of line)
1987 \e*# S optional delayed text tag string
1988 \e$\fI\&N\fP F\(sc interpolate argument \fI\&N\fP
1989 \en($0 R section depth
1990 \&.$0 M\(dg invoked after section title printed
1991 \en($1 R first section number
1992 \&.$1 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 1 section
1993 \en($2 R second section number
1994 \&.$2 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 2 section
1995 \en($3 R third section number
1996 \&.$3 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 3 section
1997 \en($4 R fourth section number
1998 \&.$4 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 4 section
1999 \en($5 R fifth section number
2000 \&.$5 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 5 section
2001 \en($6 R sixth section number
2002 \&.$6 M\(dg invoked before printing depth 6 section
2003 \&.$C M\(dg called at beginning of chapter
2004 \&.$H M\(dg text header
2005 \en($V R\(dd relative vertical spacing in displays
2006 \en($c R current column number
2007 \&.$c M\(dd print chapter title
2008 \en($d R delayed text number
2009 \en($f R footnote number
2010 \&.$f M\(dd print footer
2011 \&.$h M\(dd print header
2012 \en($i R paragraph base indent
2013 \en($l R column width
2014 \en($m R number of columns in effect
2015 \e*($n S section name
2016 \en($p R numbered paragraph number
2017 \&.$p M\(dd print section heading (internal macro)
2018 \en($s R column indent
2019 \&.$s M\(dd footnote separator (from text)
2020 \en($v R\(dd relative vertical spacing in text
2021 \en% R\(sc current page number
2022 \e& F\(sc zero width character, useful for hiding controls
2023 \e(\fI\&xx\fP F\(sc interpolate special character \fI\&xx\fP
2025 \&.(c M begin centered block
2026 \&.(d M begin delayed text
2027 \&.(f M begin footnote
2030 \&.(x M begin index entry
2031 \&.(z M begin floating keep
2033 \&.)c M end centered block
2034 \&.)d M end delayed text
2035 \&.)f M end footnote
2038 \&.)x M end index entry
2039 \&.)z M end floating keep
2040 \e*\fI\&x\fP F\(sc interpolate string \fI\&x\fP
2041 \e*(\fI\&xx\fP F\(sc interpolate string \fI\&xx\fP
2042 \e** S optional footnote tag string
2043 \&.++ M set paper section type
2044 \&.+c M begin chapter
2046 \e\- F\(sc minus sign
2048 \e0 F\(sc unpaddable digit-width space
2049 \&.1c M revert to single column output
2050 \&.2c M begin two column output
2052 \e*< S begin subscript
2053 \e*> S end subscript
2054 \&.EN M end equation
2055 \&.EQ M begin equation
2056 \eL\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc vertical line drawing function for distance \fI\&d\fP
2057 \&.GE M\(de end \fIgremlin\fP picture
2058 \&.GF M\(de end \fIgremlin\fP picture (with flyback)
2059 \&.GS M\(de start \fIgremlin\fP picture
2060 \&.IE M\(de end \fIideal\fP picture
2061 \&.IF M\(de end \fIideal\fP picture (with flyback)
2062 \&.IS M\(de start \fIideal\fP picture
2063 \&.PE M\(de end \fIpic\fP picture
2064 \&.PF M\(de end \fIpic\fP picture (with flyback)
2065 \&.PS M\(de start \fIpic\fP picture
2067 \&.TH M end header of table
2069 \e*{ S begin superscript
2070 \en(\&.$ R\(sc number of arguments to macro
2071 \en(\&.i R\(sc current indent
2072 \en(\&.l R\(sc current line length
2073 \en(\&.s R\(sc current point size
2074 \e*(\&\' S acute accent
2075 \e*(\&\` S grave accent
2076 \e(\' F\(sc acute accent
2077 \e(\` F\(sc grave accent
2078 \e*} S end superscript
2079 \e^ F\(sc 1/12 em narrow space
2081 \&.ad M\(sc set text adjustment
2082 \&.af M\(sc assign format to register
2083 \&.am M\(sc append to macro
2084 \&.ar M set page numbers in Arabic
2085 \&.as M\(sc append to string
2087 \&.ba M set base indent
2088 \&.bc M begin new column
2090 \en(bi R display (block) indent
2091 \&.bl M blank lines (even at top of page)
2092 \en(bm R bottom title margin
2093 \&.bp M\(sc begin page
2094 \&.br M\(sc break (start new line)
2095 \en(bs R display (block) pre/post spacing
2096 \en(bt R block keep threshold
2098 \ec F\(sc continue input
2099 \&.ce M\(sc center lines
2100 \en(ch R current chapter number
2101 \&.de M\(sc define macro
2102 \en(df R display font
2103 \&.ds M\(sc define string
2104 \en(dw R\(sc current day of week
2105 \e*(dw S current day of week
2106 \en(dy R\(sc day of month
2107 \ee F\(sc printable version of \e
2108 \&.ef M set footer (even numbered pages only)
2109 \&.eh M set header (even numbered pages only)
2110 \&.el M\(sc else part of conditional
2112 \en(es R equation pre/post space
2113 \ef\fI\&f\fP F\(sc inline font change to font \fI\&f\fP
2114 \ef(\fI\&ff\fP F\(sc inline font change to font \fI\&ff\fP
2115 \&.fc M\(sc set field characters
2116 \en(ff R footnote font
2117 \&.fi M\(sc fill output lines
2118 \en(fi R footnote indent (first line only)
2119 \en(fm R footer margin
2121 \en(fp R footnote pointsize
2122 \en(fs R footnote prespace
2123 \en(fu R footnote undent (from right margin)
2124 \eh\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc local horizontal motion for distance \fI\&d\fP
2125 \&.hc M\(sc set hyphenation character
2127 \&.hl M draw horizontal line
2128 \en(hm R header margin
2129 \&.hx M suppress headers and footers on next page
2130 \&.hy M\(sc set hyphenation mode
2132 \&.ie M\(sc conditional with else
2133 \&.if M\(sc conditional
2134 \en(ii R indented paragraph indent
2135 \&.in M\(sc indent (transient, use .ba for pervasive)
2136 \&.ip M begin indented paragraph
2137 \&.ix M indent, no break
2138 \el\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc horizontal line drawing function for distance \fI\&d\fP
2139 \&.lc M\(sc set leader repetition character
2140 \&.ll M set line length
2141 \&.lp M begin left justified paragraph
2142 \e*(lq S left quote marks
2143 \&.ls M\(sc set multi-line spacing
2144 \&.m1 M set space from top of page to header
2145 \&.m2 M set space from header to text
2146 \&.m3 M set space from text to footer
2147 \&.m4 M set space from footer to bottom of page
2148 \&.mc M\(sc insert margin character
2149 \&.mk M\(sc mark vertical position
2150 \en(mo R\(sc month of year
2151 \e*(mo S current month
2152 \en\fI\&x\fP F\(sc interpolate number register \fI\&x\fP
2153 \en(\fI\&xx\fP F\(sc interpolate number register \fI\&xx\fP
2154 \&.n1 M number lines in margin
2155 \&.n2 M number lines in margin
2156 \&.na M\(sc turn off text adjustment
2157 \&.ne M\(sc need vertical space
2158 \&.nf M\(sc don't fill output lines
2159 \&.nh M\(sc turn off hyphenation
2160 \&.np M begin numbered paragraph
2161 \&.nr M\(sc set number register
2162 \&.ns M\(sc no space mode
2163 \e*o S circle (e.g., for Norse A\*o)
2164 \&.of M set footer (odd numbered pages only)
2165 \&.oh M set header (odd numbered pages only)
2167 \&.pd M print delayed text
2168 \en(pf R paragraph font
2169 \en(pi R paragraph indent
2170 \&.pl M\(sc set page length
2171 \&.pn M\(sc set next page number
2172 \&.po M\(sc page offset
2173 \en(po R simulated page offset
2174 \&.pp M begin paragraph
2175 \en(pp R paragraph pointsize
2176 \en(ps R paragraph prespace
2179 \e*(qe S there exists
2180 \en(qi R quote indent (also shortens line)
2181 \en(qp R quote pointsize
2182 \en(qs R quote pre/post space
2184 \&.rb M real bold font
2186 \&.rm M\(sc remove macro or string
2187 \&.rn M\(sc rename macro or string
2188 \&.ro M set page numbers in roman
2189 \e*(rq S right quote marks
2190 \&.rr M\(sc remove register
2191 \&.rs M\(sc restore spacing
2192 \&.rt M\(sc return to vertical position
2193 \es\fI\&S\fP F\(sc inline size change to size \fI\&S\fP
2194 \en(sf R section title font
2195 \&.sh M begin numbered section
2196 \en(si R relative base indent per section depth
2197 \&.sk M skip next page
2198 \&.sm M set argument in a smaller pointsize
2199 \&.so M\(sc source input file
2200 \en(so R additional section title offset
2201 \&.sp M\(sc vertical space
2202 \en(sp R section title pointsize
2203 \en(ss R section prespace
2204 \&.sx M change section depth
2205 \&.sz M set pointsize and vertical spacing
2206 \&.ta M\(sc set tab stops
2207 \&.tc M\(sc set tab repetition character
2208 \e*(td S today's date
2210 \&.ti M\(sc temporary indent (next line only)
2211 \&.tl M\(sc three part title
2212 \en(tm R top title margin
2213 \&.tp M begin title page
2214 \en(tp R title pointsize
2215 \&.tr M\(sc translate
2217 \&.uh M unnumbered section
2218 \&.ul M\(sc underline next line
2219 \ev\'\fI\&d\fP\' F\(sc local vertical motion for distance \fI\&d\fP
2220 \e*v S inverted `v' for czeck ``e\*v''
2221 \ew\'\fI\&S\fP\' F\(sc return width of string \fI\&S\fP
2222 \&.xl M set line length (local)
2224 \en(xs R index entry prespace
2225 \en(xu R index undent (from right margin)
2226 \en(y2 R year (last two digits only)
2227 \en(y4 R year (all digits)
2228 \en(yr R\(sc year minus 1900
2229 \en(zs R floating keep pre/post space
2230 \e{ F\(sc begin conditional group
2231 \e| F\(sc 1/6 em narrow space
2232 \e} F\(sc end conditional group
2234 \en(_M R section type (as set with .++ macro)