6 pkcs12 - PKCS#12 file utility
14 [B<-inkey file_or_id>]
15 [B<-certfile filename>]
27 [B<-des | -des3 | -idea | -aes128 | -aes192 | -aes256 | -aria128 | -aria192 | -aria256 | -camellia128 | -camellia192 | -camellia256 | -nodes>]
29 [B<-maciter | -nomaciter | -nomac>]
50 The B<pkcs12> command allows PKCS#12 files (sometimes referred to as
51 PFX files) to be created and parsed. PKCS#12 files are used by several
52 programs including Netscape, MSIE and MS Outlook.
56 There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a PKCS#12 file
57 is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed. A PKCS#12
58 file can be created by using the B<-export> option (see below).
60 =head1 PARSING OPTIONS
66 Print out a usage message.
70 This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard input is used
73 =item B<-out filename>
75 The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by
76 default. They are all written in PEM format.
80 The PKCS#12 file (i.e. input file) password source. For more information about
81 the format of B<arg> see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in
86 Pass phrase source to encrypt any outputted private keys with. For more
87 information about the format of B<arg> see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section
90 =item B<-password arg>
92 With -export, -password is equivalent to -passout.
93 Otherwise, -password is equivalent to -passin.
97 This option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the output file
98 version of the PKCS#12 file.
102 Only output client certificates (not CA certificates).
106 Only output CA certificates (not client certificates).
110 No certificates at all will be output.
114 No private keys will be output.
118 Output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms
119 used and iteration counts.
123 Use DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
127 Use triple DES to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is the default.
131 Use IDEA to encrypt private keys before outputting.
133 =item B<-aes128>, B<-aes192>, B<-aes256>
135 Use AES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
137 =item B<-aria128>, B<-aria192>, B<-aria256>
139 Use ARIA to encrypt private keys before outputting.
141 =item B<-camellia128>, B<-camellia192>, B<-camellia256>
143 Use Camellia to encrypt private keys before outputting.
147 Don't encrypt the private keys at all.
151 Don't attempt to verify the integrity MAC before reading the file.
155 Prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software
156 always assumes these are the same so this option will render such
157 PKCS#12 files unreadable. Cannot be used in combination with the options
158 -password, -passin (if importing) or -passout (if exporting).
162 =head1 FILE CREATION OPTIONS
168 This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather than
171 =item B<-out filename>
173 This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used
176 =item B<-in filename>
178 The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard input by
179 default. They must all be in PEM format. The order doesn't matter but one
180 private key and its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional
181 certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file.
183 =item B<-inkey file_or_id>
185 File to read private key from. If not present then a private key must be present
187 If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
188 specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
190 =item B<-name friendlyname>
192 This specifies the "friendly name" for the certificate and private key. This
193 name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file.
195 =item B<-certfile filename>
197 A filename to read additional certificates from.
199 =item B<-caname friendlyname>
201 This specifies the "friendly name" for other certificates. This option may be
202 used multiple times to specify names for all certificates in the order they
203 appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas MSIE
206 =item B<-pass arg>, B<-passout arg>
208 The PKCS#12 file (i.e. output file) password source. For more information about
209 the format of B<arg> see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in
212 =item B<-passin password>
214 Pass phrase source to decrypt any input private keys with. For more information
215 about the format of B<arg> see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in
220 If this option is present then an attempt is made to include the entire
221 certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard CA store is used
222 for this search. If the search fails it is considered a fatal error.
226 Encrypt the certificate using triple DES, this may render the PKCS#12
227 file unreadable by some "export grade" software. By default the private
228 key is encrypted using triple DES and the certificate using 40 bit RC2
229 unless RC2 is disabled in which case triple DES is used.
231 =item B<-keypbe alg>, B<-certpbe alg>
233 These options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key and
234 certificates to be selected. Any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 PBE algorithm name
235 can be used (see B<NOTES> section for more information). If a cipher name
236 (as output by the B<list-cipher-algorithms> command is specified then it
237 is used with PKCS#5 v2.0. For interoperability reasons it is advisable to only
238 use PKCS#12 algorithms.
240 =item B<-keyex|-keysig>
242 Specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing.
243 This option is only interpreted by MSIE and similar MS software. Normally
244 "export grade" software will only allow 512 bit RSA keys to be used for
245 encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The B<-keysig>
246 option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for
247 S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and SSL client
248 authentication, however, due to a bug only MSIE 5.0 and later support
249 the use of signing only keys for SSL client authentication.
251 =item B<-macalg digest>
253 Specify the MAC digest algorithm. If not included them SHA1 will be used.
255 =item B<-nomaciter>, B<-noiter>
257 These options affect the iteration counts on the MAC and key algorithms.
258 Unless you wish to produce files compatible with MSIE 4.0 you should leave
261 To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common passwords the
262 algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have an iteration count applied
263 to it: this causes a certain part of the algorithm to be repeated and slows it
264 down. The MAC is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally
265 have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked.
266 By default both MAC and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using
267 these options the MAC and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since
268 this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you
269 really have to. Most software supports both MAC and key iteration counts.
270 MSIE 4.0 doesn't support MAC iteration counts so it needs the B<-nomaciter>
275 This option is included for compatibility with previous versions, it used
276 to be needed to use MAC iterations counts but they are now used by default.
280 Don't attempt to provide the MAC integrity.
282 =item B<-rand file...>
284 A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
286 Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
287 The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
290 =item [B<-writerand file>]
292 Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
293 This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
295 =item B<-CAfile file>
297 CA storage as a file.
301 CA storage as a directory. This directory must be a standard certificate
302 directory: that is a hash of each subject name (using B<x509 -hash>) should be
303 linked to each certificate.
307 Do not load the trusted CA certificates from the default file location.
311 Do not load the trusted CA certificates from the default directory location.
315 Write B<name> as a Microsoft CSP name.
321 Although there are a large number of options most of them are very rarely
322 used. For PKCS#12 file parsing only B<-in> and B<-out> need to be used
323 for PKCS#12 file creation B<-export> and B<-name> are also used.
325 If none of the B<-clcerts>, B<-cacerts> or B<-nocerts> options are present
326 then all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input
327 PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present is
328 the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which requires
329 a private key and certificate and assumes the first certificate in the
330 file is the one corresponding to the private key: this may not always
331 be the case. Using the B<-clcerts> option will solve this problem by only
332 outputting the certificate corresponding to the private key. If the CA
333 certificates are required then they can be output to a separate file using
334 the B<-nokeys -cacerts> options to just output CA certificates.
336 The B<-keypbe> and B<-certpbe> algorithms allow the precise encryption
337 algorithms for private keys and certificates to be specified. Normally
338 the defaults are fine but occasionally software can't handle triple DES
339 encrypted private keys, then the option B<-keypbe PBE-SHA1-RC2-40> can
340 be used to reduce the private key encryption to 40 bit RC2. A complete
341 description of all algorithms is contained in the B<pkcs8> manual page.
343 Prior 1.1 release passwords containing non-ASCII characters were encoded
344 in non-compliant manner, which limited interoperability, in first hand
345 with Windows. But switching to standard-compliant password encoding
346 poses problem accessing old data protected with broken encoding. For
347 this reason even legacy encodings is attempted when reading the
348 data. If you use PKCS#12 files in production application you are advised
349 to convert the data, because implemented heuristic approach is not
350 MT-safe, its sole goal is to facilitate the data upgrade with this
355 Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file:
357 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem
359 Output only client certificates to a file:
361 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -clcerts -out file.pem
363 Don't encrypt the private key:
365 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem -nodes
367 Print some info about a PKCS#12 file:
369 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout
371 Create a PKCS#12 file:
373 openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate"
375 Include some extra certificates:
377 openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate" \
378 -certfile othercerts.pem
386 Copyright 2000-2020 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
388 Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
389 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
390 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
391 L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.