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class="title">lxml - XML and HTML with Python</h1>
31 <div class="pagequote line-block">
32 <div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://mailman-mail5.webfaction.com/pipermail/lxml/20080131/019119.html">» lxml takes all the pain out of XML. «</a></div>
33 <div class="line">Stephan Richter</div>
35 <p class="eyecatcher">lxml is the most feature-rich
36 and easy-to-use library
37 for processing XML and HTML
38 in the Python language.</p>
39 <div class="section" id="introduction">
41 <p>The lxml XML toolkit is a Pythonic binding for the C libraries
42 <a class="reference external" href="http://xmlsoft.org/">libxml2</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/">libxslt</a>. It is unique in that it combines the speed and
43 XML feature completeness of these libraries with the simplicity of a
44 native Python API, mostly compatible but superior to the well-known
45 <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm">ElementTree</a> API. The latest release works with all CPython versions
46 from 2.7 to 3.7. See the <a class="reference external" href="intro.html">introduction</a> for more information about
47 background and goals of the lxml project. Some common questions are
48 answered in the <a class="reference external" href="FAQ.html">FAQ</a>.</p>
49 <div class="section" id="support-the-project">
50 <h1>Support the project</h1>
51 <p>lxml has been downloaded from the <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/lxml">Python Package Index</a>
52 millions of times and is also available directly in many package
53 distributions, e.g. for Linux or MacOS-X.</p>
54 <p>Most people who use lxml do so because they like using it.
55 You can show us that you like it by blogging about your experience
56 with it and linking to the project website.</p>
57 <p>If you are using lxml for your work and feel like giving a bit of
58 your own benefit back to support the project, consider sending us
59 money through GitHub Sponsors, Tidelift or PayPal that we can use
60 to buy us free time for the maintenance of this great library, to
61 fix bugs in the software, review and integrate code contributions,
62 and improving its features and documentation. Please read the
63 Legal Notice below, at the bottom of this page.
64 Thank you for your support.</p>
65 <p class="center">Support lxml through <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/users/scoder/sponsorship">GitHub Sponsors</a></p>
66 <p class="center">(Note: GitHub will currently double your donation!)</p>
67 <p class="center">via <a class="reference external" href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-lxml">Tidelift</a></p>
68 <p class="center">or via PayPal:</p>
69 <p class="center"><a class="reference external" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=R56JE3VCPDA9N"><img alt="Donate to the lxml project" src="https://lxml.de/paypal_btn_donateCC_LG.png" style="width: 160px; height: 47px;" /></a></p>
70 <p>Please <a class="reference external" href="http://consulting.behnel.de/">contact Stefan Behnel</a>
71 for other ways to support the lxml project,
72 as well as commercial consulting, customisations and trainings on lxml and
73 fast Python XML processing.</p>
74 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://travis-ci.org/">Travis-CI</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://www.appveyor.com/">AppVeyor</a>
75 support the lxml project with their build and CI servers.
76 Jetbrains supports the lxml project by donating free licenses of their
77 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/">PyCharm IDE</a>.
78 Another supporter of the lxml project is
79 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.colognewebdesign.de/">COLOGNE Webdesign</a>.</p>
82 <div class="section" id="documentation">
83 <h1>Documentation</h1>
84 <p>The complete lxml documentation is available for download as <a class="reference external" href="lxmldoc-4.4.3.pdf">PDF
85 documentation</a>. The HTML documentation from this web site is part of
86 the normal <a class="reference external" href="#download">source download</a>.</p>
89 <li>the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial.html">lxml.etree tutorial for XML processing</a></li>
90 <li>John Shipman's tutorial on <a class="reference external" href="http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/pylxml/">Python XML processing with lxml</a></li>
91 <li>Fredrik Lundh's <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element.htm">tutorial for ElementTree</a></li>
95 <li><a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm#documentation">ElementTree API</a></li>
96 <li><a class="reference external" href="compatibility.html">compatibility</a> and differences of lxml.etree</li>
97 <li><a class="reference external" href="performance.html">ElementTree performance</a> characteristics and comparison</li>
101 <li><a class="reference external" href="api.html">lxml.etree specific API</a> documentation</li>
102 <li>the <a class="reference external" href="api/index.html">generated API documentation</a> as a reference</li>
103 <li><a class="reference external" href="parsing.html">parsing</a> and <a class="reference external" href="validation.html">validating</a> XML</li>
104 <li><a class="reference external" href="xpathxslt.html">XPath and XSLT</a> support</li>
105 <li>Python <a class="reference external" href="extensions.html">XPath extension functions</a> for XPath and XSLT</li>
106 <li><a class="reference external" href="element_classes.html">custom XML element classes</a> for custom XML APIs (see <a class="reference external" href="s5/lxml-ep2008.html">EuroPython 2008 talk</a>)</li>
107 <li>a <a class="reference external" href="sax.html">SAX compliant API</a> for interfacing with other XML tools</li>
108 <li>a <a class="reference external" href="capi.html">C-level API</a> for interfacing with external C/Cython modules</li>
111 <li>lxml.objectify:<ul>
112 <li><a class="reference external" href="objectify.html">lxml.objectify</a> API documentation</li>
113 <li>a brief comparison of <a class="reference external" href="FAQ.html#what-is-the-difference-between-lxml-etree-and-lxml-objectify">objectify and etree</a></li>
117 <p>lxml.etree follows the <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm">ElementTree</a> API as much as possible, building
118 it on top of the native libxml2 tree. If you are new to ElementTree,
119 start with the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial.html">lxml.etree tutorial for XML processing</a>. See also the
120 ElementTree <a class="reference external" href="compatibility.html">compatibility</a> overview and the <a class="reference external" href="performance.html">ElementTree performance</a>
121 page comparing lxml to the original <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm">ElementTree</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/celementtree.htm">cElementTree</a>
123 <p>Right after the <a class="reference external" href="tutorial.html">lxml.etree tutorial for XML processing</a> and the
124 <a class="reference external" href="http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm">ElementTree</a> documentation, the next place to look is the <a class="reference external" href="api.html">lxml.etree
125 specific API</a> documentation. It describes how lxml extends the
126 ElementTree API to expose libxml2 and libxslt specific XML
127 functionality, such as <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/">XPath</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://relaxng.org/">Relax NG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/XML/Schema">XML Schema</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt">XSLT</a>, and
128 <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n">c14n</a> (including <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n2">c14n 2.0</a>).
129 Python code can be called from XPath expressions and XSLT
130 stylesheets through the use of <a class="reference external" href="extensions.html">XPath extension functions</a>. lxml
131 also offers a <a class="reference external" href="sax.html">SAX compliant API</a>, that works with the SAX support in
132 the standard library.</p>
133 <p>There is a separate module <a class="reference external" href="objectify.html">lxml.objectify</a> that implements a data-binding
134 API on top of lxml.etree. See the <a class="reference external" href="FAQ.html#what-is-the-difference-between-lxml-etree-and-lxml-objectify">objectify and etree</a> FAQ entry for a
136 <p>In addition to the ElementTree API, lxml also features a sophisticated
137 API for <a class="reference external" href="element_classes.html">custom XML element classes</a>. This is a simple way to write
138 arbitrary XML driven APIs on top of lxml. lxml.etree also has a
139 <a class="reference external" href="capi.html">C-level API</a> that can be used to efficiently extend lxml.etree in
140 external C modules, including fast custom element class support.</p>
142 <div class="section" id="download">
144 <p>The best way to download lxml is to visit <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/lxml/">lxml at the Python Package
145 Index</a> (PyPI). It has the source
146 that compiles on various platforms. The source distribution is signed
147 with <a class="reference external" href="pubkey.asc">this key</a>.</p>
148 <p>The latest version is <a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.4.3.tgz">lxml 4.4.3</a>, released 2020-01-28
149 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.4.3.html">changes for 4.4.3</a>). <a class="reference external" href="#old-versions">Older versions</a>
150 are listed below.</p>
151 <p>Please take a look at the
152 <a class="reference external" href="installation.html">installation instructions</a> !</p>
153 <p>This complete web site (including the generated API documentation) is
154 part of the source distribution, so if you want to download the
155 documentation for offline use, take the source archive and copy the
156 <tt class="docutils literal">doc/html</tt> directory out of the source tree, or use the
157 <a class="reference external" href="lxmldoc-4.4.3.pdf">PDF documentation</a>.</p>
158 <p>The latest <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/lxml/lxml/archive/master.zip">installable developer sources</a>
159 are available from Github. It's also possible to check out
160 the latest development version of lxml from Github directly, using a command
161 like this (assuming you use hg and have hg-git installed):</p>
162 <pre class="literal-block">
163 hg clone git+ssh://git@github.com/lxml/lxml.git lxml
165 <p>Alternatively, if you use git, this should work as well:</p>
166 <pre class="literal-block">
167 git clone https://github.com/lxml/lxml.git lxml
169 <p>You can browse the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/lxml/lxml/">source repository</a> and its history through
170 the web. Please read <a class="reference external" href="build.html">how to build lxml from source</a>
171 first. The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/lxml/lxml/blob/master/CHANGES.txt">latest CHANGES</a> of the developer version are also
172 accessible. You can check there if a bug you found has been fixed
173 or a feature you want has been implemented in the latest trunk version.</p>
175 <div class="section" id="mailing-list">
176 <h1>Mailing list</h1>
177 <p>Questions? Suggestions? Code to contribute? We have a <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/mailinglist/">mailing list</a>.</p>
178 <p>You can search the archive with <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.lxml.devel">Gmane</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://www.google.com/webhp?q=site:comments.gmane.org%2Fgmane.comp.python.lxml.devel+">Google</a>.</p>
180 <div class="section" id="bug-tracker">
182 <p>lxml uses the <a class="reference external" href="https://launchpad.net/lxml/">launchpad bug tracker</a>. If you are sure you found a
183 bug in lxml, please file a bug report there. If you are not sure
184 whether some unexpected behaviour of lxml is a bug or not, please
185 check the documentation and ask on the <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/mailinglist/">mailing list</a> first. Do not
186 forget to search the archive (e.g. with <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.lxml.devel">Gmane</a>)!</p>
188 <div class="section" id="license">
190 <p>The lxml library is shipped under a <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/lxml/lxml/blob/master/doc/licenses/BSD.txt">BSD license</a>. libxml2 and libxslt2
191 itself are shipped under the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT license</a>. There should therefore be no
192 obstacle to using lxml in your codebase.</p>
194 <div class="section" id="old-versions">
195 <h1>Old Versions</h1>
196 <p>See the websites of lxml
197 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/4.3/">4.3</a>,
198 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/4.2/">4.2</a>,
199 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/4.1/">4.1</a>,
200 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/4.0/">4.0</a>,
201 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.8/">3.8</a>,
202 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.7/">3.7</a>,
203 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.6/">3.6</a>,
204 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.5/">3.5</a>,
205 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.4/">3.4</a>,
206 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.3/">3.3</a>,
207 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.2/">3.2</a>,
208 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.1/">3.1</a>,
209 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/3.0/">3.0</a>,
210 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/2.3/">2.3</a>,
211 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/2.2/">2.2</a>,
212 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/2.1/">2.1</a>,
213 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/2.0/">2.0</a>,
214 <a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/1.3/">1.3</a></p>
216 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.4.3.tgz">lxml 4.4.3</a>, released 2020-01-28 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.4.3.html">changes for 4.4.3</a>)</li>
217 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.4.2.tgz">lxml 4.4.2</a>, released 2019-11-25 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.4.2.html">changes for 4.4.2</a>)</li>
218 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.4.1.tgz">lxml 4.4.1</a>, released 2019-08-11 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.4.1.html">changes for 4.4.1</a>)</li>
219 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.4.0.tgz">lxml 4.4.0</a>, released 2019-07-27 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.4.0.html">changes for 4.4.0</a>)</li>
220 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.3.5.tgz">lxml 4.3.5</a>, released 2019-07-27 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.3.5.html">changes for 4.3.5</a>)</li>
221 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.3.4.tgz">lxml 4.3.4</a>, released 2019-06-10 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.3.4.html">changes for 4.3.4</a>)</li>
222 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.3.3.tgz">lxml 4.3.3</a>, released 2019-03-26 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.3.3.html">changes for 4.3.3</a>)</li>
223 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.3.2.tgz">lxml 4.3.2</a>, released 2019-02-29 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.3.2.html">changes for 4.3.2</a>)</li>
224 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.3.1.tgz">lxml 4.3.1</a>, released 2019-02-08 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.3.1.html">changes for 4.3.1</a>)</li>
225 <li><a class="reference external" href="/files/lxml-4.3.0.tgz">lxml 4.3.0</a>, released 2019-01-04 (<a class="reference external" href="/changes-4.3.0.html">changes for 4.3.0</a>)</li>
226 <li><a class="reference external" href="http://lxml.de/4.2/#old-versions">older releases</a></li>
228 </div><div class="section" id="legal-notice-for-donations">
229 <h1>Legal Notice for Donations</h1>
230 <p>Any donation that you make to the lxml project is voluntary and
231 is not a fee for any services, goods, or advantages. By making
232 a donation to the lxml project, you acknowledge that we have the
233 right to use the money you donate in any lawful way and for any
234 lawful purpose we see fit and we are not obligated to disclose
235 the way and purpose to any party unless required by applicable
236 law. Although lxml is free software, to the best of our knowledge
237 the lxml project does not have any tax exempt status. The lxml
238 project is neither a registered non-profit corporation nor a
239 registered charity in any country. Your donation may or may not
240 be tax-deductible; please consult your tax advisor in this matter.
241 We will not publish or disclose your name and/or e-mail address
242 without your consent, unless required by applicable law. Your
243 donation is non-refundable.</p>
248 <hr class="footer" />
249 Generated on: 2020-01-29.
projects / platform / upstream / python-lxml.git / blob