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27 <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
28 <a name="circular_buffer.examples"></a><a class="link" href="examples.html" title="More Examples">More Examples</a>
29 </h2></div></div></div>
31 <a name="circular_buffer.examples.h0"></a>
32 <span class="phrase"><a name="circular_buffer.examples.summing_all_the_values_in_a_circ"></a></span><a class="link" href="examples.html#circular_buffer.examples.summing_all_the_values_in_a_circ">Summing
33 all the values in a circular buffer</a>
36 This example shows several functions, including summing all valid values.
38 <pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">circular_buffer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
39 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">></span>
40 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">h</span><span class="special">></span>
42 <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="comment">/*argc*/</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="comment">/*argv*/</span><span class="special">[])</span>
43 <span class="special">{</span>
44 <span class="comment">// Create a circular buffer of capacity 3.</span>
45 <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">circular_buffer</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
46 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">capacity</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
47 <span class="comment">// Check is empty.</span>
48 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">);</span>
49 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">empty</span><span class="special">());</span>
51 <span class="comment">// Insert some elements into the circular buffer.</span>
52 <span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">push_back</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span>
53 <span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">push_back</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>
55 <span class="comment">// Assertions to check push_backs have expected effect.</span>
56 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span>
57 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>
58 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(!</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">full</span><span class="special">());</span>
59 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>
60 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">capacity</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
62 <span class="comment">// Insert some other elements.</span>
63 <span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">push_back</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
64 <span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">push_back</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">);</span>
66 <span class="comment">// Evaluate the sum of all elements.</span>
67 <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">sum</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">accumulate</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">begin</span><span class="special">(),</span> <span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">end</span><span class="special">(),</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">);</span>
69 <span class="comment">// Assertions to check state.</span>
70 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">sum</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">9</span><span class="special">);</span>
71 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>
72 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
73 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">);</span>
74 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(*</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">begin</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>
75 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">front</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>
76 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">back</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">);</span>
77 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">full</span><span class="special">());</span>
78 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
79 <span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">cb</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">capacity</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span>
81 <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
82 <span class="special">}</span>
85 The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html" title="Class template circular_buffer">circular_buffer</a></code> has
86 a capacity of three <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>. Therefore,
87 the size of the buffer will never exceed three. The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">accumulate</span></code>
88 algorithm evaluates the sum of the stored elements. The semantics of the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html" title="Class template circular_buffer">circular_buffer</a></code> can be inferred from
92 You can see the full example code at <a href="../../../libs/circular_buffer/example/circular_buffer_sum_example.cpp" target="_top">circular_buffer_sum_example.cpp</a>.
95 <a name="circular_buffer.examples.h1"></a>
96 <span class="phrase"><a name="circular_buffer.examples.bounded_buffer_example"></a></span><a class="link" href="examples.html#circular_buffer.examples.bounded_buffer_example">Bounded
100 The bounded buffer is normally used in a producer-consumer mode: producer threads
101 produce items and store them in the container and consumer threads remove these
102 items and process them. The bounded buffer has to guarantee that
104 <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
105 <li class="listitem">
106 producers do not insert items into the container when the container is
109 <li class="listitem">
110 consumers do not try to remove items when the container is empty,
112 <li class="listitem">
113 each produced item is consumed by exactly one consumer.
117 This example shows how the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">circular_buffer</span></code>
118 can be utilized as an underlying container of the bounded buffer.
120 <pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">circular_buffer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
121 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">thread</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">mutex</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
122 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">thread</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">condition</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
123 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">thread</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">thread</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
124 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">call_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
125 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">bind</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
127 <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">timer</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">timer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="comment">// for auto_cpu_timer</span>
129 <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">></span>
130 <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span>
131 <span class="special">{</span>
132 <span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
134 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">circular_buffer</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">container_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
135 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">container_type</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
136 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">container_type</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span> <span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
137 <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">call_traits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">param_type</span> <span class="identifier">param_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
139 <span class="keyword">explicit</span> <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">capacity</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">m_unread</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">m_container</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">capacity</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{}</span>
141 <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">push_front</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">call_traits</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">param_type</span> <span class="identifier">item</span><span class="special">)</span>
142 <span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">// `param_type` represents the "best" way to pass a parameter of type `value_type` to a method.</span>
144 <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mutex</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">scoped_lock</span> <span class="identifier">lock</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">m_mutex</span><span class="special">);</span>
145 <span class="identifier">m_not_full</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">wait</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">lock</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bind</span><span class="special">(&</span><span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">is_not_full</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">this</span><span class="special">));</span>
146 <span class="identifier">m_container</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">push_front</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">item</span><span class="special">);</span>
147 <span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">m_unread</span><span class="special">;</span>
148 <span class="identifier">lock</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">unlock</span><span class="special">();</span>
149 <span class="identifier">m_not_empty</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">notify_one</span><span class="special">();</span>
150 <span class="special">}</span>
152 <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">pop_back</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">pItem</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
153 <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mutex</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">scoped_lock</span> <span class="identifier">lock</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">m_mutex</span><span class="special">);</span>
154 <span class="identifier">m_not_empty</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">wait</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">lock</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bind</span><span class="special">(&</span><span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">is_not_empty</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">this</span><span class="special">));</span>
155 <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">pItem</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">m_container</span><span class="special">[--</span><span class="identifier">m_unread</span><span class="special">];</span>
156 <span class="identifier">lock</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">unlock</span><span class="special">();</span>
157 <span class="identifier">m_not_full</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">notify_one</span><span class="special">();</span>
158 <span class="special">}</span>
160 <span class="keyword">private</span><span class="special">:</span>
161 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special">&);</span> <span class="comment">// Disabled copy constructor.</span>
162 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special">&);</span> <span class="comment">// Disabled assign operator.</span>
164 <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_not_empty</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">m_unread</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
165 <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_not_full</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">m_unread</span> <span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">m_container</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">capacity</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="special">}</span>
167 <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">m_unread</span><span class="special">;</span>
168 <span class="identifier">container_type</span> <span class="identifier">m_container</span><span class="special">;</span>
169 <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mutex</span> <span class="identifier">m_mutex</span><span class="special">;</span>
170 <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">condition</span> <span class="identifier">m_not_empty</span><span class="special">;</span>
171 <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">condition</span> <span class="identifier">m_not_full</span><span class="special">;</span>
172 <span class="special">};</span> <span class="comment">//</span>
175 The bounded_buffer relies on <a href="../../../doc/html/thread.html" target="_top">Boost.Thread</a>
176 and <a href="../../../libs/bind/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Bind</a> libraries and
177 <a href="../../../libs/utility/call_traits.htm" target="_top">Boost.call_traits utility</a>.
180 The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html#idp25645680-bb">push_front()</a></code>
181 method is called by the producer thread in order to insert a new item into
182 the buffer. The method locks the mutex and waits until there is a space for
183 the new item. (The mutex is unlocked during the waiting stage and has to be
184 regained when the condition is met.) If there is a space in the buffer available,
185 the execution continues and the method inserts the item at the end of the
186 <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html" title="Class template circular_buffer">circular_buffer</a></code>. Then it
187 increments the number of unread items and unlocks the mutex (in case an exception
188 is thrown before the mutex is unlocked, the mutex is unlocked automatically
189 by the destructor of the scoped_lock). At last the method notifies one of the
190 consumer threads waiting for a new item to be inserted into the buffer.
193 The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html#idp25688048-bb">pop_back()</a></code>
194 method is called by the consumer thread in order to read the next item from
195 the buffer. The method locks the mutex and waits until there is an unread item
196 in the buffer. If there is at least one unread item, the method decrements
197 the number of unread items and reads the next item from the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html" title="Class template circular_buffer">circular_buffer</a></code>.
198 Then it unlocks the mutex and notifies one of the producer threads waiting
199 for the buffer to free a space for the next item.
202 The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bounded</span> <span class="identifier">buffer</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pop_back</span><span class="special">()</span></code> method <span class="bold"><strong>does not remove
203 the item</strong></span> but the item is left in the circular_buffer which then
204 <span class="bold"><strong>replaces it with a new one</strong></span> (inserted by a
205 producer) when the circular_buffer is full. This technique is more effective
206 than removing the item explicitly by calling the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html#idp25688048-bb">circular_buffer::pop_back()</a></code>
207 method of the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html" title="Class template circular_buffer">circular_buffer</a></code>.
210 This claim is based on the assumption that an assignment (replacement) of a
211 new item into an old one is more effective than a destruction (removal) of
212 an old item and a consequent inplace construction (insertion) of a new item.
215 For comparison of bounded buffers based on different containers compile and
216 run <a href="../../../libs/circular_buffer/test/bounded_buffer_comparison.cpp" target="_top">bounded_buffer_comparison.cpp</a>.
217 The test should reveal the bounded buffer based on the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/circular_buffer.html" title="Class template circular_buffer">circular_buffer</a></code>
218 is most effective closely followed by the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">deque</span></code> based
219 bounded buffer. (In reality, the result may differ sometimes because the test
220 is always affected by external factors such as immediate CPU load.)
223 You can see the full test code at <a href="../../../libs/circular_buffer/test/bounded_buffer_comparison.cpp" target="_top">bounded_buffer_comparison.cpp</a>,
224 and an example of output is
226 <pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">Description</span><span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">Autorun</span> <span class="string">"J:\Cpp\Misc\Debug\bounded_buffer_comparison.exe"</span>
227 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">5.15</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
229 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer_space_optimized</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">5.71</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
231 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer_deque_based</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">15.57</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
233 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer_list_based</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">17.33</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
235 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">24.49</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
237 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer_space_optimized</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">28.33</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
239 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer_deque_based</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">29.45</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
241 <span class="identifier">bounded_buffer_list_based</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="number">31.29</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
247 <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
248 <td align="left"></td>
249 <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2003-2013 Jan Gaspar<p>
250 Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
251 file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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