1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+:
3 U-Boot Development Process
4 ==========================
9 * Development happens in Release Cycles of 3 months.
11 * The first 3 weeks of the cycle are referred to as the Merge Window, which is
12 followed by a Stabilization Period.
14 * Patches with new code get only accepted while the Merge Window is open.
16 * A patch that is generally in good shape and that was submitted while the
17 Merge Window was open is eligible to go into the upcoming release, even if
18 changes and resubmits are needed.
20 * During the Stabilization Period, only patches that contain bug fixes get
23 Phases of the Development Process
24 ---------------------------------
26 U-Boot development takes place in `Release Cycles
27 <https://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/ReleaseCycle>`_. A Release Cycle lasts
28 normally for three months.
30 The first three weeks of each Release Cycle are called *Merge Window*.
32 It is followed by a *Stabilization Period*.
34 The end of a Release Cycle is marked by the release of a new U-Boot version.
39 The Merge Window is the period when new patches get submitted (and hopefully
40 accepted) for inclusion into U-Boot mainline. This period lasts for 21 days (3
41 weeks) and ends with the release of ``"-rc1"``.
43 This is the only time when new code (like support for new processors or new
44 boards, or other new features or reorganization of code) is accepted.
49 Usually patches do not get accepted as they are - the peer review that takes
50 place will usually require changes and resubmissions of the patches before they
51 are considered to be ripe for inclusion into mainline.
53 Also the review often happens not immediately after a patch was submitted,
54 but only when somebody (usually the responsible custodian) finds time to do
57 The result is that the final version of such patches gets submitted after the
58 merge window has been closed.
60 It is current practice in U-Boot that such patches are eligible to go into the
63 The result is that the release of the ``"-rc1"`` version and formal closing of
64 the Merge Window does not preclude patches that were already posted from being
65 merged for the upcoming release.
70 During the Stabilization Period only patches containing bug fixes get
76 Sometimes it is not clear if a patch contains a bug fix or not.
77 For example, changes that remove dead code, unused macros etc. or
78 that contain Coding Style fixes are not strict bug fixes.
80 In such situations it is up to the responsible custodian to decide if they
81 apply such patches even when the Merge Window is closed.
83 Exception: at the end of the Stabilization Period only strict bug
86 Sometimes patches miss the Merge Window slightly - say by a few
87 hours or even a day. Patch acceptance is not as critical as a
88 financial transaction, or such. So if there is such a slight delay,
89 the custodian is free to turn a blind eye and accept it anyway. The
90 idea of the development process is to make it foreseeable,
91 but not to slow down development.
93 It makes more sense if an engineer spends another day on testing and
94 cleanup and submits the patch a couple of hours late, instead of
95 submitting a green patch which will waste efforts from several people
96 during several rounds of review and reposts.
98 Differences to the Linux Development Process
99 --------------------------------------------
101 * In Linux, top-level maintainers will collect patches in their trees and send
102 pull requests to Linus as soon as the merge window opens.
103 So far, most U-Boot custodians do not work like that; they send pull requests
104 only at (or even after) the end of the merge window.
106 * In Linux, the closing of the merge window is marked by the release of the
108 In U-Boot, ``"-rc1"`` will only be released after all (or at least most of
109 the) patches that were submitted during the merge window have been applied.
116 The Custodians take responsibility for some area of the U-Boot code. The
117 in-tree ``MAINTAINERS`` files list who is responsible for which areas.
119 It is their responsibility to pick up patches from the mailing list
120 that fall into their responsibility, and to process these.
122 A very important responsibility of each custodian is to provide
123 feedback to the submitter of a patch about what is going on: if the
124 patch was accepted, or if it was rejected (which exact list of
125 reasons), if it needs to be reworked (with respective review
126 comments). Even a "I have no time now, will look into it later"
127 message is better than nothing. Also, if there are remarks to a
128 patch, these should leave no doubt if they were just comments and the
129 patch will be accepted anyway, or if the patch should be
130 reworked/resubmitted, or if it was rejected.
132 Review Process, Git Tags
133 ------------------------
135 There are a number of *git tags* that are used to document the origin and the
136 processing of patches on their way into the mainline U-Boot code. The following
137 is an attempt to document how these are usually handled in the U-Boot project.
139 In general, we try to follow the established procedures from other projects,
140 especially the Linux kernel, but there may be smaller differences. For
141 reference, see the Linux kernel's `Submitting patches
142 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/submitting-patches.html>`_
147 * Signed-off-by: the *Signed-off-by:* is a line at the end of the commit
148 message by which the signer certifies that they were involved in the development
149 of the patch and that they accept the `Developer Certificate of Origin
150 <https://developercertificate.org/>`_. Following this and adding a
151 ``Signed-off-by:`` line that contains the developer's name and email address
154 * Please note that in U-Boot, we do not add a ``Signed-off-by`` tag if we
155 just pass on a patch without any changes.
157 * Please note that when importing code from other projects you must say
158 where it comes from, and what revision you are importing. You must not
159 however copy ``Signed-off-by`` or other tags.
161 * Everybody who can is invited to review and test the changes. Typically, we
162 follow the same guidelines as the Linux kernel for `Acked-by
163 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/submitting-patches.html#when-to-use-acked-by-cc-and-co-developed-by>`_
164 as well as `Reviewed-by
165 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/submitting-patches.html#using-reported-by-tested-by-reviewed-by-suggested-by-and-fixes>`_
166 and similar additional tags.
168 * Reviewed-by: The patch has been reviewed and found acceptible according to
169 the `Reveiwer's statement of oversight
170 <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/submitting-patches.html#reviewer-s-statement-of-oversight>`_.
171 A *Reviewed-by:* tag is a statement of opinion that the patch is an
172 appropriate modification of the code without any remaining serious technical
173 issues. Any interested reviewer (who has done the work) can offer a
174 *Reviewed-by:* tag for a patch.
176 * Acked-by: If a person was not directly involved in the preparation or
177 handling of a patch but wishes to signify and record their approval of it
178 then they can arrange to have an *Acked-by:* line added to the patch's
181 * Tested-by: A *Tested-by:* tag indicates that the patch has been successfully
182 tested (in some environment) by the person named. Andrew Morton: "I think
183 it's very useful information to have. For a start, it tells you who has the
184 hardware and knows how to build a kernel. So if you're making a change to a
185 driver and want it tested, you can troll the file's changelog looking for
186 people who might be able to help."
188 * Reported-by: If this patch fixes a problem reported by somebody else,
189 consider adding a *Reported-by:* tag to credit the reporter for their
190 contribution. Please note that this tag should not be added without the
191 reporter's permission, especially if the problem was not reported in a public
194 * Cc: If a person should have the opportunity to comment on a patch, you may
195 optionally add a *Cc:* tag to the patch. Git tools (git send-email) will then
196 automatically arrange that they receives a copy of the patch when you submit it
197 to the mainling list. This is the only tag which might be added without an
198 explicit action by the person it names. This tag documents that potentially
199 interested parties have been included in the discussion.
200 For example, when your change affects a specific board or driver, then makes
201 a lot of sense to put the respective maintainer of this code on Cc:
203 Work flow of a Custodian
204 ------------------------
206 The normal flow of work in the U-Boot development process will look
209 #. The responsible custodian inspects this patch, especially for:
211 #. The commit message is useful, descriptive and makes correct and
212 appropraite usage of required *git tags*.
214 #. :doc:`codingstyle`
218 * The patch fixes a real problem.
220 * The patch does not introduce new problems, especially it does not break
221 other boards or architectures
223 #. U-Boot Philosophy, as documented in :doc:`designprinciples`.
225 #. Applies cleanly to the source tree. The custodian is expected to put in
226 a "best effort" if a patch does not apply cleanly, but can be made to apply
227 still. It is up to the custodian to decide how recent of a commit the
228 patch must be against. It is acceptable to request patches against the
229 last officially released version of U-Boot or newer. Of course a
230 custodian can also accept patches against older code. It can be
231 difficult to find the correct balance between putting too much work on
232 the custodian or too much work on an individual submitting a patch when
233 something does not apply cleanly.
235 #. Passes :doc:`ci_testing` as this checks for new warnings and other issues.
237 #. Note that in some cases more than one custodian may feel responsible for a
238 particular change. To avoid duplicated efforts, the custodian who starts
239 processing the patch should follow up to the email saying they intend to
242 #. Commits must show original author in the ``author`` field and include all of
243 the ``Signed-off-by``, ``Reviewed-by``, etc, tags that have been submitted.
245 #. The final decision to accept or reject a patch comes down to the custodian
248 #. If accepted, the custodian adds the patch to their public git repository.
249 Ideally, they will also follow up on the mailing list with some notification
250 that it has been applied. This is not always easy given different custodian
251 workflows and environments however.
253 #. Although a custodian is supposed to perform their own tests it is a
254 well-known and accepted fact that they needs help from other developers who
255 - for example - have access to the required hardware or other relevant
256 environments. Custodians are expected to ask for assistance with testing
259 #. Custodians are expected to submit a timely pull request of their git
260 repository to the main repository. It is strongly encouraged that a CI run
261 has been completed prior to submission, but not required.