1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
6 AE350 is the mainline SoC produced by Andes Technology using AX25 CPU core
7 base on RISC-V architecture.
9 AE350 has integrated both AHB and APB bus and many periphals for application
10 and product development.
12 AX25-AE350 is the SoC with AE350 hardcore CPU.
14 AX25 is Andes CPU IP to adopt RISC-V architecture.
20 - 5-stage in-order execution pipeline
22 - radix-2/radix-4/radix-16/radix-256/fast
24 - Optional branch prediction
25 - Machine mode and optional user mode
26 - Optional performance monitoring
29 - RV64I base integer instructions
30 - RVC for 16-bit compressed instructions
31 - RVM for multiplication and division instructions
36 - Memory subsyetem soft-error protection
37 - Protection scheme: parity-checking or error-checking-and-correction (ECC)
38 - Automatic hardware error correction
42 - Synchronous AHB (32-bit/64-bit data-width), or
43 - Synchronous AXI4 (64-bit data-width)
46 - Wait for interrupt (WFI) mode
49 - Configurable number of breakpoints: 2/4/8
50 - External Debug Module
52 - External JTAG debug transport module
54 Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)
56 - Configurable number of interrupts: 1-1023
57 - Configurable number of interrupt priorities: 3/7/15/63/127/255
58 - Configurable number of targets: 1-16
59 - Preempted interrupt priority stack
64 CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT:
65 If you want to boot this system from SPI ROM and bypass e-bios (the
66 other boot loader on ROM). You should undefine CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
67 in "include/configs/ax25-ae350.h".
74 1. Prepare the toolchains and make sure the $PATH to toolchains is correct.
75 2. Use `make ae350_rv[32|64]_defconfig` in u-boot root to build the image for
91 1. Define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT to build u-boot which is loaded via gdb from ram.
92 2. Undefine CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT to build u-boot which is booted from spi rom.
93 3. Ping a server by mac driver
94 4. Scan sd card and copy u-boot image which is booted from flash to ram by sd driver.
95 5. Burn this u-boot image to spi rom by spi driver
96 6. Re-boot u-boot from spi flash with power off and power on.
98 Messages of U-Boot boot on AE350 board
99 --------------------------------------
103 U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00033-g824f89a (Dec 21 2017 - 16:51:26 +0800)
107 SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
112 Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - be:dd:d7:e4:e8:10
116 U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00033-gb265b91-dirty (Dec 22 2017 - 13:54:21 +0800)
118 riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 7.2.0
119 GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.29
121 RISC-V # setenv ipaddr 10.0.4.200 ;
122 RISC-V # setenv serverip 10.0.4.97 ;
123 RISC-V # ping 10.0.4.97 ;
124 Using mac@e0100000 device
125 host 10.0.4.97 is alive
128 RISC-V # fatls mmc 0:1
129 318907 u-boot-ae350-64.bin
130 1252 hello_world_ae350_32.bin
131 328787 u-boot-ae350-32.bin
135 RISC-V # sf probe 0:0 50000000 0
136 SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
138 RISC-V # sf test 0x100000 0x1000
140 0 erase: 36 ticks, 111 KiB/s 0.888 Mbps
141 1 check: 29 ticks, 137 KiB/s 1.096 Mbps
142 2 write: 40 ticks, 100 KiB/s 0.800 Mbps
143 3 read: 20 ticks, 200 KiB/s 1.600 Mbps
145 0 erase: 36 ticks, 111 KiB/s 0.888 Mbps
146 1 check: 29 ticks, 137 KiB/s 1.096 Mbps
147 2 write: 40 ticks, 100 KiB/s 0.800 Mbps
148 3 read: 20 ticks, 200 KiB/s 1.600 Mbps
150 RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:1 0x600000 u-boot-ae350-32.bin
151 reading u-boot-ae350-32.bin
152 328787 bytes read in 324 ms (990.2 KiB/s)
154 RISC-V # sf erase 0x0 0x51000
155 SF: 331776 bytes @ 0x0 Erased: OK
157 RISC-V # sf write 0x600000 0x0 0x50453
158 device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x50453
159 SF: 328787 bytes @ 0x0 Written: OK
161 RISC-V # crc32 0x600000 0x50453
162 crc32 for 00600000 ... 00650452 ==> 692dc44a
164 RISC-V # crc32 0x80000000 0x50453
165 crc32 for 80000000 ... 80050452 ==> 692dc44a
168 *** power-off and power-on, this U-Boot is booted from spi flash ***
170 U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00032-gf67dd47-dirty (Dec 21 2017 - 13:56:03 +0800)
174 SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
179 Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - ee:4c:58:29:32:f5
184 Boot bbl and riscv-linux via U-Boot on QEMU
185 -------------------------------------------
188 2. Build bbl and riscv-linux with --with-payload
190 4. Creating OS-kernel images
194 ./mkimage -A riscv -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x0000 -e 0x0000 -d bbl.bin bootmImage-bbl.bin
196 Created: Tue Mar 13 10:06:42 2018
197 Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
198 Data Size: 17901204 Bytes = 17481.64 KiB = 17.07 MiB
199 Load Address: 00000000
200 Entry Point: 00000000
202 5. Copy bootmImage-bbl.bin and ae350.dtb to qemu sd card image
203 6. Message of booting riscv-linux from bbl via u-boot on qemu
207 U-Boot 2018.03-rc4-00031-g2631273 (Mar 13 2018 - 15:02:55 +0800)
210 main-loop: WARNING: I/O thread spun for 1000 iterations
212 Loading Environment from SPI Flash... *** Warning - spi_flash_probe_bus_cs() failed, using default environment
219 Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - 02:00:00:00:00:00
224 Partition Map for MMC device 0 -- Partition Type: DOS
226 Part Start Sector Num Sectors UUID Type
227 RISC-V # fatls mmc 0:0
228 17901268 bootmImage-bbl.bin
233 RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:0 0x00600000 bootmImage-bbl.bin
234 17901268 bytes read in 4642 ms (3.7 MiB/s)
235 RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:0 0x2000000 ae350.dtb
236 1954 bytes read in 1 ms (1.9 MiB/s)
237 RISC-V # setenv bootm_size 0x2000000
238 RISC-V # setenv fdt_high 0x1f00000
239 RISC-V # bootm 0x00600000 - 0x2000000
240 ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00600000 ...
242 Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
243 Data Size: 17901204 Bytes = 17.1 MiB
244 Load Address: 00000000
245 Entry Point: 00000000
246 Verifying Checksum ... OK
247 ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 02000000
248 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x2000000
249 Loading Kernel Image ... OK
250 Loading Device Tree to 0000000001efc000, end 0000000001eff7a1 ... OK
251 [ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x0 - 0x200000
252 [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.14.0-00046-gf3e439f-dirty (rick@atcsqa06) (gcc version 7.1.1 20170509 (GCC)) #1 Tue Jan 9 16:34:25 CST 2018
253 [ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
254 [ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0xffffffe000016a98 (12267008 bytes)
255 [ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
256 [ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
257 [ 0.000000] Normal empty
258 [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
259 [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
260 [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
261 [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
262 [ 0.000000] elf_hwcap is 0x112d
263 [ 0.000000] random: fast init done
264 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 516615
265 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,38400n8 earlyprintk=uart8250-32bit,0xf0300000 debug loglevel=7
266 [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
267 [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
268 [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
269 [ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
270 [ 0.000000] Memory: 2047832K/2095104K available (1856K kernel code, 204K rwdata, 532K rodata, 12076K init, 756K bss, 47272K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
271 [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
272 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
273 [ 0.000000] riscv,cpu_intc,0: 64 local interrupts mapped
274 [ 0.000000] riscv,plic0,e4000000: mapped 31 interrupts to 1/2 handlers
275 [ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x24e6a1710, max_idle_ns: 440795202120 ns
276 [ 0.000000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 20.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=40000)
277 [ 0.000000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
278 [ 0.004000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
279 [ 0.004000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
280 [ 0.056000] devtmpfs: initialized
281 [ 0.060000] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
282 [ 0.064000] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
283 [ 0.068000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
284 [ 0.080000] vgaarb: loaded
285 [ 0.084000] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
286 [ 0.088000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
287 [ 0.092000] TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
288 [ 0.096000] TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
289 [ 0.096000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
290 [ 0.100000] UDP hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
291 [ 0.100000] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
292 [ 0.104000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
293 [ 0.616000] Unpacking initramfs...
294 [ 1.220000] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=19 bucket_order=0
295 [ 1.244000] io scheduler noop registered
296 [ 1.244000] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
297 [ 1.244000] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
298 [ 1.248000] io scheduler kyber registered
299 [ 1.360000] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
300 [ 1.368000] console [ttyS0] disabled
301 [ 1.372000] f0300000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0300020 (irq = 10, base_baud = 1228800) is a 16550A
302 [ 1.392000] console [ttyS0] enabled
303 [ 1.392000] ftmac100: Loading version 0.2 ...
304 [ 1.396000] ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: irq 8, mapped at ffffffd002005000
305 [ 1.400000] ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: generated random MAC address 6e:ac:c3:92:36:c0
306 [ 1.404000] IR NEC protocol handler initialized
307 [ 1.404000] IR RC5(x/sz) protocol handler initialized
308 [ 1.404000] IR RC6 protocol handler initialized
309 [ 1.404000] IR JVC protocol handler initialized
310 [ 1.408000] IR Sony protocol handler initialized
311 [ 1.408000] IR SANYO protocol handler initialized
312 [ 1.408000] IR Sharp protocol handler initialized
313 [ 1.408000] IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized
314 [ 1.412000] IR XMP protocol handler initialized
315 [ 1.456000] ftsdc010 f0e00000.mmc: mmc0 - using hw SDIO IRQ
316 [ 1.464000] bootconsole [early0] uses init memory and must be disabled even before the real one is ready
317 [ 1.464000] bootconsole [early0] disabled
318 [ 1.508000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 12076K
319 [ 1.512000] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
320 [ 1.520000] mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
321 [ 1.524000] mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 20.0 MiB
323 Wed Dec 1 10:00:00 CST 2010
329 The U-Boot SPL will boot in M mode and load the FIT image which include
330 OpenSBI and U-Boot proper images. After loading progress, it will jump
331 to OpenSBI first and then U-Boot proper which will run in S mode.
334 How to build U-Boot SPL
335 -----------------------
336 Before building U-Boot SPL, OpenSBI must be build first. OpenSBI can be
337 cloned and build for AE350 as below:
339 git clone https://github.com/riscv/opensbi.git
341 make PLATFORM=andes/ae350
343 Copy OpenSBI FW_DYNAMIC image (build\platform\andes\ae350\firmware\fw_dynamic.bin)
344 into U-Boot root directory
347 How to build U-Boot SPL booting from RAM
348 ----------------------------------------
349 With ae350_rv[32|64]_spl_defconfigs:
351 U-Boot SPL will be loaded by gdb or FSBL and runs in RAM in machine mode
352 and then load FIT image from RAM device on AE350.
355 How to build U-Boot SPL booting from ROM
356 ----------------------------------------
357 With ae350_rv[32|64]_spl_xip_defconfigs:
359 U-Boot SPL can be burned into SPI flash and run in flash in machine mode
360 and then load FIT image from SPI flash or MMC device on AE350.
363 Messages of U-Boot SPL boots Kernel on AE350 board
364 --------------------------------------------------
368 U-Boot SPL 2020.01-rc1-00292-g67a3313-dirty (Nov 14 2019 - 11:26:21 +0800)
369 Trying to boot from RAM
371 OpenSBI v0.5-1-gdd8ef28 (Nov 14 2019 11:08:39)
372 ____ _____ ____ _____
373 / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
374 | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
375 | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
376 | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
377 \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
381 Platform Name : Andes AE350
382 Platform HART Features : RV64ACIMSUX
383 Platform Max HARTs : 4
386 Firmware Size : 84 KB
387 Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
389 PMP0: 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000001ffff (A)
390 PMP1: 0x0000000000000000-0x00000001ffffffff (A,R,W,X)
393 U-Boot 2020.01-rc1-00292-g67a3313-dirty (Nov 14 2019 - 11:26:21 +0800)
398 Loading Environment from SPI Flash... SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
403 Net: no alias for ethernet0
405 Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - a2:ae:93:7b:cc:8f
407 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
408 6455 bytes read in 31 ms (203.1 KiB/s)
409 20421684 bytes read in 8647 ms (2.3 MiB/s)
410 ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00600000 ...
412 Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
413 Data Size: 20421620 Bytes = 19.5 MiB
414 Load Address: 00200000
415 Entry Point: 00200000
416 Verifying Checksum ... OK
417 ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 20000000
418 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x20000000
420 Loading Device Tree to 000000001effb000, end 000000001efff936 ... OK
424 OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x0 - 0x200000
425 Linux version 4.17.0-00253-g49136e10bcb2 (sqa@atcsqa07) (gcc version 7.3.0 (2019-04-06_nds64le-linux-glibc-v5_experimental)) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Apr 6 23:41:49 CST 2019
426 bootconsole [early0] enabled
427 Initial ramdisk at: 0x (ptrval) (13665712 bytes)
429 DMA32 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
431 Movable zone start for each node
432 Early memory node ranges
433 node 0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
434 Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
435 software IO TLB [mem 0x3b1f8000-0x3f1f8000] (64MB) mapped at [ (ptrval)- (ptrval)]
436 elf_platform is rv64i2p0m2p0a2p0c2p0xv5-0p0
437 compatible privileged spec version 1.10
438 percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu @ (ptrval) s28184 r8192 d29160 u65536
439 Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
440 Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,38400n8 debug loglevel=7
441 log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
442 log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
443 log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
444 log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
445 early log buf free: 14608(89%)
446 Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
447 Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
448 Sorting __ex_table...
449 Memory: 944428K/1046528K available (3979K kernel code, 246K rwdata, 1490K rodata, 13523K init, 688K bss, 102100K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
450 SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
451 Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
453 NR_IRQS: 72, nr_irqs: 72, preallocated irqs: 0
454 riscv,cpu_intc,0: 64 local interrupts mapped
455 riscv,cpu_intc,1: 64 local interrupts mapped
456 riscv,cpu_intc,2: 64 local interrupts mapped
457 riscv,cpu_intc,3: 64 local interrupts mapped
458 riscv,plic0,e4000000: mapped 71 interrupts to 8/8 handlers
459 clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1bacf917bf, max_idle_ns: 881590412290 ns
460 sched_clock: 64 bits at 60MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511098ns
461 Console: colour dummy device 40x30
462 Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 120.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=600000)
463 pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
464 Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
465 Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
466 Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
467 smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
471 smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
472 devtmpfs: initialized
473 random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0x198/0x1d8 with crng_init=0
474 clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
475 futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
476 NET: Registered protocol family 16
477 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
478 clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
479 NET: Registered protocol family 2
480 tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
481 TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
482 TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
483 TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
484 UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
485 UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
486 NET: Registered protocol family 1
487 RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
488 RPC: Registered udp transport module.
489 RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
490 RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
491 Unpacking initramfs...
492 workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
493 NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
494 Key type id_resolver registered
495 Key type id_legacy registered
496 nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
497 io scheduler noop registered
498 io scheduler cfq registered (default)
499 io scheduler mq-deadline registered
500 io scheduler kyber registered
501 Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x30
502 Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
503 console [ttyS0] disabled
504 f0300000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0300020 (irq = 20, base_baud = 1228800) is a 16550A
505 console [ttyS0] enabled
506 console [ttyS0] enabled
507 bootconsole [early0] disabled
508 bootconsole [early0] disabled
510 tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
511 ftmac100: Loading version 0.2 ...
512 ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: irq 21, mapped at (ptrval)
513 ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: generated random MAC address 4e:fd:bd:f3:04:fc
514 ftsdc010 f0e00000.mmc: mmc0 - using hw SDIO IRQ
515 mmc0: new SDHC card at address d555
516 ftssp010 card registered!
517 mmcblk0: mmc0:d555 SD04G 3.79 GiB
518 NET: Registered protocol family 10
520 Segment Routing with IPv6
521 sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
522 NET: Registered protocol family 17
523 NET: Registered protocol family 15
525 #0: ftssp_ac97 controller
526 Freeing unused kernel memory: 13520K
527 This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
529 Sat Apr 6 23:33:53 CST 2019
530 nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...