2 SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
4 Copyright (c) 2018 Heinrich Schuchardt
9 The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification (UEFI) [1] has become
10 the default for booting on AArch64 and x86 systems. It provides a stable API for
11 the interaction of drivers and applications with the firmware. The API comprises
12 access to block storage, network, and console to name a few. The Linux kernel
13 and boot loaders like GRUB or the FreeBSD loader can be executed.
17 The implementation of UEFI in U-Boot strives to reach the requirements described
18 in the "Embedded Base Boot Requirements (EBBR) Specification - Release v1.0"
19 [4]. The "Server Base Boot Requirements System Software on ARM Platforms" [5]
20 describes a superset of the EBBR specification and may be used as further
23 A full blown UEFI implementation would contradict the U-Boot design principle
28 The UEFI standard supports only little-endian systems. The UEFI support can be
29 activated for ARM and x86 by specifying
36 Support for attaching virtual block devices, e.g. iSCSI drives connected by the
37 loaded UEFI application [3], requires
42 ### Executing a UEFI binary
44 The bootefi command is used to start UEFI applications or to install UEFI
45 drivers. It takes two parameters
47 bootefi <image address> [fdt address]
49 * image address - the memory address of the UEFI binary
50 * fdt address - the memory address of the flattened device tree
52 Below you find the output of an example session starting GRUB.
54 => load mmc 0:2 ${fdt_addr_r} boot/dtb
55 29830 bytes read in 14 ms (2 MiB/s)
56 => load mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} efi/debian/grubaa64.efi
57 reading efi/debian/grubaa64.efi
58 120832 bytes read in 7 ms (16.5 MiB/s)
59 => bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}
61 The environment variable 'bootargs' is passed as load options in the UEFI system
62 table. The Linux kernel EFI stub uses the load options as command line
65 ### Executing the boot manager
67 The UEFI specification foresees to define boot entries and boot sequence via UEFI
68 variables. Booting according to these variables is possible via
70 bootefi bootmgr [fdt address]
72 As of U-Boot v2018.03 UEFI variables are not persisted and cannot be set at
75 ### Executing the built in hello world application
77 A hello world UEFI application can be built with
79 CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_HELLO_COMPILE=y
81 It can be embedded into the U-Boot binary with
83 CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_HELLO=y
85 The bootefi command is used to start the embedded hello world application.
87 bootefi hello [fdt address]
89 Below you find the output of an example session.
91 => bootefi hello ${fdtcontroladdr}
92 ## Starting EFI application at 01000000 ...
93 WARNING: using memory device/image path, this may confuse some payloads!
98 Load options: root=/dev/sdb3 init=/sbin/init rootwait ro
99 ## Application terminated, r = 0
101 The environment variable fdtcontroladdr points to U-Boot's internal device tree
104 ### Executing the built-in self-test
106 An UEFI self-test suite can be embedded in U-Boot by building with
108 CONFIG_CMD_BOOTEFI_SELFTEST=y
110 For testing the UEFI implementation the bootefi command can be used to start the
113 bootefi selftest [fdt address]
115 The environment variable 'efi_selftest' can be used to select a single test. If
116 it is not provided all tests are executed except those marked as 'on request'.
117 If the environment variable is set to 'list' a list of all tests is shown.
119 Below you can find the output of an example session.
121 => setenv efi_selftest simple network protocol
123 Testing EFI API implementation
124 Selected test: 'simple network protocol'
125 Setting up 'simple network protocol'
126 Setting up 'simple network protocol' succeeded
127 Executing 'simple network protocol'
129 DHCP reply received from 192.168.76.2 (52:55:c0:a8:4c:02)
130 as broadcast message.
131 Executing 'simple network protocol' succeeded
132 Tearing down 'simple network protocol'
133 Tearing down 'simple network protocol' succeeded
134 Boot services terminated
136 Preparing for reset. Press any key.
138 ## The UEFI life cycle
140 After the U-Boot platform has been initialized the UEFI API provides two kinds
146 The API can be extended by loading UEFI drivers which come in two variants
151 UEFI drivers are installed with U-Boot's bootefi command. With the same command
152 UEFI applications can be executed.
154 Loaded images of UEFI drivers stay in memory after returning to U-Boot while
155 loaded images of applications are removed from memory.
157 An UEFI application (e.g. an operating system) that wants to take full control
158 of the system calls ExitBootServices. After a UEFI application calls
161 * boot services are not available anymore
162 * timer events are stopped
163 * the memory used by U-Boot except for runtime services is released
164 * the memory used by boot time drivers is released
166 So this is a point of no return. Afterwards the UEFI application can only return
167 to U-Boot by rebooting.
169 ## The UEFI object model
171 UEFI offers a flexible and expandable object model. The objects in the UEFI API
172 are devices, drivers, and loaded images. These objects are referenced by
175 The interfaces implemented by the objects are referred to as protocols. These
176 are identified by GUIDs. They can be installed and uninstalled by calling the
177 appropriate boot services.
179 Handles are created by the InstallProtocolInterface or the
180 InstallMultipleProtocolinterfaces service if NULL is passed as handle.
182 Handles are deleted when the last protocol has been removed with the
183 UninstallProtocolInterface or the UninstallMultipleProtocolInterfaces service.
185 Devices offer the EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL. A device path is the concatenation
186 of device nodes. By their device paths all devices of a system are arranged in a
189 Drivers offer the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL. This protocol is used to connect
190 a driver to devices (which are referenced as controllers in this context).
192 Loaded images offer the EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL. This protocol provides meta
193 information about the image and a pointer to the unload callback function.
197 In the UEFI terminology an event is a data object referencing a notification
198 function which is queued for calling when the event is signaled. The following
199 types of events exist:
201 * periodic and single shot timer events
202 * exit boot services events, triggered by calling the ExitBootServices() service
203 * virtual address change events
204 * memory map change events
205 * read to boot events
206 * reset system events
207 * system table events
208 * events that are only triggered programmatically
210 Events can be created with the CreateEvent service and deleted with CloseEvent
213 Events can be assigned to an event group. If any of the events in a group is
214 signaled, all other events in the group are also set to the signaled state.
216 ## The UEFI driver model
218 A driver is specific for a single protocol installed on a device. To install a
219 driver on a device the ConnectController service is called. In this context
220 controller refers to the device for which the driver is installed.
222 The relevant drivers are identified using the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL. This
223 protocol has has three functions:
225 * supported - determines if the driver is compatible with the device
226 * start - installs the driver by opening the relevant protocol with
227 attribute EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_DRIVER
228 * stop - uninstalls the driver
230 The driver may create child controllers (child devices). E.g. a driver for block
231 IO devices will create the device handles for the partitions. The child
232 controllers will open the supported protocol with the attribute
233 EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_CHILD_CONTROLLER.
235 A driver can be detached from a device using the DisconnectController service.
237 ## U-Boot devices mapped as UEFI devices
239 Some of the U-Boot devices are mapped as UEFI devices
246 As of U-Boot 2018.03 the logic for doing this is hard coded.
248 The development target is to integrate the setup of these UEFI devices with the
249 U-Boot driver model. So when a U-Boot device is discovered a handle should be
250 created and the device path protocol and the relevant IO protocol should be
251 installed. The UEFI driver then would be attached by calling ConnectController.
252 When a U-Boot device is removed DisconnectController should be called.
254 ## UEFI devices mapped as U-Boot devices
256 UEFI drivers binaries and applications may create new (virtual) devices, install
257 a protocol and call the ConnectController service. Now the matching UEFI driver
258 is determined by iterating over the implementations of the
259 EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL.
261 It is the task of the UEFI driver to create a corresponding U-Boot device and to
262 proxy calls for this U-Boot device to the controller.
264 In U-Boot 2018.03 this has only been implemented for block IO devices.
268 An UEFI uclass driver (lib/efi_driver/efi_uclass.c) has been created that
269 takes care of initializing the UEFI drivers and providing the
270 EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL implementation for the UEFI drivers.
272 A linker created list is used to keep track of the UEFI drivers. To create an
273 entry in the list the UEFI driver uses the U_BOOT_DRIVER macro specifying
274 UCLASS_EFI as the ID of its uclass, e.g.
276 /* Identify as UEFI driver */
277 U_BOOT_DRIVER(efi_block) = {
278 .name = "EFI block driver",
283 The available operations are defined via the structure struct efi_driver_ops.
285 struct efi_driver_ops {
286 const efi_guid_t *protocol;
287 const efi_guid_t *child_protocol;
288 int (*bind)(efi_handle_t handle, void *interface);
291 When the supported() function of the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL is called the
292 uclass checks if the protocol GUID matches the protocol GUID of the UEFI driver.
293 In the start() function the bind() function of the UEFI driver is called after
295 The stop() function of the EFI_DRIVER_BINDING_PROTOCOL disconnects the child
296 controllers created by the UEFI driver and the UEFI driver. (In U-Boot v2013.03
297 this is not yet completely implemented.)
299 ### UEFI block IO driver
301 The UEFI block IO driver supports devices exposing the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL.
303 When connected it creates a new U-Boot block IO device with interface type
304 IF_TYPE_EFI, adds child controllers mapping the partitions, and installs the
305 EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL on these. This can be used together with the
306 software iPXE to boot from iSCSI network drives [3].
308 This driver is only available if U-Boot is configured with
313 ## TODOs as of U-Boot 2019.04
315 * unimplemented or incompletely implemented boot services
316 * Exit - call unload function, unload applications only
317 * ProtocolRegisterNotify
320 * unimplemented or incompletely implemented runtime services
321 * SetVariable() ignores attribute EFI_VARIABLE_APPEND_WRITE
322 * QueryVariableInfo is not implemented
324 * unimplemented events
326 * EVT_SIGNAL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_CHANGE
329 * manage configuration tables in a linked list
332 * support DisconnectController for UEFI block devices.
334 * support for CONFIG_EFI_LOADER in the sandbox (CONFIG_SANDBOX=y)
340 * incompletely implemented protocols
341 * support version 0x00020000 of the EFI file protocol
345 * [1](http://uefi.org/specifications)
346 http://uefi.org/specifications - UEFI specifications
347 * [2](./driver-model/README.txt) doc/driver-model/README.txt - Driver model
348 * [3](./README.iscsi) doc/README.iscsi - iSCSI booting with U-Boot and iPXE
349 * [4](https://github.com/ARM-software/ebbr/releases/download/v1.0/ebbr-v1.0.pdf)
350 Embedded Base Boot Requirements (EBBR) Specification - Release v1.0
351 * [5](https://developer.arm.com/docs/den0044/latest/server-base-boot-requirements-system-software-on-arm-platforms-version-11)
352 Server Base Boot Requirements System Software on ARM Platforms - Version 1.1