1 Design Notes on Exporting U-Boot Functions to Standalone Applications:
2 ======================================================================
4 1. The functions are exported by U-Boot via a jump table. The jump
5 table is allocated and initialized in the jumptable_init() routine
6 (common/exports.c). Other routines may also modify the jump table,
7 however. The jump table can be accessed as the 'jt' field of the
8 'global_data' structure. The slot numbers for the jump table are
9 defined in the <include/exports.h> header. E.g., to substitute the
10 malloc() and free() functions that will be available to standalone
11 applications, one should do the following:
13 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
15 gd->jt[XF_malloc] = my_malloc;
16 gd->jt[XF_free] = my_free;
18 Note that the pointers to the functions all have 'void *' type and
19 thus the compiler cannot perform type checks on these assignments.
21 2. The pointer to the jump table is passed to the application in a
22 machine-dependent way. PowerPC, ARM and MIPS architectures use a
23 dedicated register to hold the pointer to the 'global_data'
24 structure: r29 on PowerPC, r8 on ARM and k0 on MIPS. The x86
25 architecture does not use such a register; instead, the pointer to
26 the 'global_data' structure is passed as 'argv[-1]' pointer.
28 The application can access the 'global_data' structure in the same
31 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
33 printf("U-Boot relocation offset: %x\n", gd->reloc_off);
35 3. The application should call the app_startup() function before any
36 call to the exported functions. Also, implementor of the
37 application may want to check the version of the ABI provided by
38 U-Boot. To facilitate this, a get_version() function is exported
39 that returns the ABI version of the running U-Boot. I.e., a
40 typical application startup may look like this:
42 int my_app (int argc, char *argv[])
45 if (get_version () != XF_VERSION)
49 4. The default load and start addresses of the applications are as
52 Load address Start address
53 x86 0x00040000 0x00040000
54 PowerPC 0x00040000 0x00040004
55 ARM 0x0c100000 0x0c100000
56 MIPS 0x80200000 0x80200000
58 For example, the "hello world" application may be loaded and
59 executed on a PowerPC board with the following commands:
61 => tftp 0x40000 hello_world.bin
64 5. To export some additional function foobar(), the following steps
67 - Append the following line at the end of the include/_exports.h
72 - Add the prototype for this function to the include/exports.h
77 - Add the initialization of the jump table slot wherever
78 appropriate (most likely, to the jumptable_init() function):
80 gd->jt[XF_foobar] = foobar;
82 - Increase the XF_VERSION value by one in the include/exports.h
85 6. The code for exporting the U-Boot functions to applications is
86 mostly machine-independent. The only places written in assembly
87 language are stub functions that perform the jump through the jump
88 table. That said, to port this code to a new architecture, the
89 only thing to be provided is the code in the examples/stubs.c
90 file. If this architecture, however, uses some uncommon method of
91 passing the 'global_data' pointer (like x86 does), one should add
92 the respective code to the app_startup() function in that file.
94 Note that these functions may only use call-clobbered registers;
95 those registers that are used to pass the function's arguments,
96 the stack contents and the return address should be left intact.