1 Design Notes on Exporting U-Boot Functions to Standalone Applications:
2 ======================================================================
4 1. The functions are exported by U-Boot via a jump table. The jump
5 table is allocated and initialized in the jumptable_init() routine
6 (common/exports.c). Other routines may also modify the jump table,
7 however. The jump table can be accessed as the 'jt' field of the
8 'global_data' structure. The struct members for the jump table are
9 defined in the <include/exports.h> header. E.g., to substitute the
10 malloc() and free() functions that will be available to standalone
11 applications, one should do the following:
13 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
15 gd->jt->malloc = my_malloc;
16 gd->jt->free = my_free;
18 Note that the pointers to the functions are real function pointers
19 so the compiler can perform type checks on these assignments.
21 2. The pointer to the jump table is passed to the application in a
22 machine-dependent way. PowerPC, ARM, MIPS, Blackfin and Nios II
23 architectures use a dedicated register to hold the pointer to the
24 'global_data' structure: r2 on PowerPC, r9 on ARM, k0 on MIPS,
25 P3 on Blackfin and gp on Nios II. The x86 architecture does not
26 use such a register; instead, the pointer to the 'global_data'
27 structure is passed as 'argv[-1]' pointer.
29 The application can access the 'global_data' structure in the same
32 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
34 printf("U-Boot relocation offset: %x\n", gd->reloc_off);
36 3. The application should call the app_startup() function before any
37 call to the exported functions. Also, implementor of the
38 application may want to check the version of the ABI provided by
39 U-Boot. To facilitate this, a get_version() function is exported
40 that returns the ABI version of the running U-Boot. I.e., a
41 typical application startup may look like this:
43 int my_app (int argc, char * const argv[])
46 if (get_version () != XF_VERSION)
50 4. The default load and start addresses of the applications are as
53 Load address Start address
54 x86 0x00040000 0x00040000
55 PowerPC 0x00040000 0x00040004
56 ARM 0x0c100000 0x0c100000
57 MIPS 0x80200000 0x80200000
58 Blackfin 0x00001000 0x00001000
59 NDS32 0x00300000 0x00300000
60 Nios II 0x02000000 0x02000000
61 RISC-V 0x00600000 0x00600000
63 For example, the "hello world" application may be loaded and
64 executed on a PowerPC board with the following commands:
66 => tftp 0x40000 hello_world.bin
69 5. To export some additional function long foobar(int i,char c), the following steps
72 - Append the following line at the end of the include/_exports.h
75 EXPORT_FUNC(foobar, long, foobar, int, char)
77 Parameters to EXPORT_FUNC:
78 - the first parameter is the function that is exported (default implementation)
79 - the second parameter is the return value type
80 - the third parameter is the name of the member in struct jt_funcs
81 this is also the name that the standalone application will used.
82 the rest of the parameters are the function arguments
84 - Add the prototype for this function to the include/exports.h
87 long foobar(int i, char c);
89 Initialization with the default implementation is done in jumptable_init()
91 You can override the default implementation using:
93 gd->jt->foobar = another_foobar;
95 The signature of another_foobar must then match the declaration of foobar.
97 - Increase the XF_VERSION value by one in the include/exports.h
100 - If you want to export a function which depends on a CONFIG_XXX
101 use 2 lines like this:
103 EXPORT_FUNC(foobar, long, foobar, int, char)
105 EXPORT_FUNC(dummy, void, foobar, void)
109 6. The code for exporting the U-Boot functions to applications is
110 mostly machine-independent. The only places written in assembly
111 language are stub functions that perform the jump through the jump
112 table. That said, to port this code to a new architecture, the
113 only thing to be provided is the code in the examples/stubs.c
114 file. If this architecture, however, uses some uncommon method of
115 passing the 'global_data' pointer (like x86 does), one should add
116 the respective code to the app_startup() function in that file.
118 Note that these functions may only use call-clobbered registers;
119 those registers that are used to pass the function's arguments,
120 the stack contents and the return address should be left intact.