4 Last Update: October 4, 2003
5 ====================================================================
7 This file contains information regarding U-Boot and the Altera
8 Nios CPU. For information regarding U-Boot and the Nios Development
9 Kit, Cyclone Edition (DK-1C20), see doc/README.dk1c20.
11 For those interested in contributing ... see HELP WANTED below.
17 U-Boot has been successfully tested on the Nios Cyclone development
18 board using both the 'safe' and 'standard 32' configurations with
19 Nios CPU revision 3.08 (CPU_ID = 0x3008). U-Boot can be used with
20 or without the GERMS monitor. The initial version of U-Boot for the
21 Cyclone development kit is about 60 Kbyte and will fit in a single
22 sector of on-board FLASH. Only the Nios 32-bit CPU is supported.
26 If GERMS is just not enough, then U-Boot is a great antibiotic.
27 You will be very pleased with its high degree of configurability
28 and its rich feature set.
30 A few of the most obvious limitations of GERMS are overcome by
31 using U-Boot (See 'Brain Damage'). Most notably, you can use
32 minicom or Hyperterminal (duh).
34 1.2 Altera Source Code
35 -----------------------
36 The Nios port does NOT include ANY sources that Altera has the
37 copyright. This was a conscious decision ... not an accident.
38 The Altera license is not clear in terms of distributing Altera
39 sources (when altera silicon is not involved). This isn't really
40 a problem as little, if any, of the Altera source contains
41 features that are not already available in U-Boot.
43 The Nios port also does not use the long-winded peripheral
44 structure definitions from the Nios SDK.
48 2. CONFIGURATION OPTIONS/SETTINGS
49 ----------------------------------
51 2.1 Nios-specific Options/Settings
52 -----------------------------------
53 All configuration options/settings that are specific to Nios begin
54 with "CONFIG_NIOS_" or "CFG_NIOS_". The following is a list of
55 currently defined Nios-specific options/parameters. If any options
56 are related to Standard-32 Nios SDK excalibur.h definitions, the
57 related definition follows the description).
60 CONFIG_NIOS -- defined for all Nios-32 boards.
62 CFG_NIOS_CONSOLE -- the base address of the console UART.
63 (standard-32: na_uart1_base).
65 CFG_NIOS_FIXEDBAUD -- defined if the console UART PTF fixed_baud
66 parameter is set to '1'.
68 CFG_NIOS_MULT_HW -- use full hardware multiply (not yet implemented).
70 CFG_NIOS_MULT_MSTEP -- use hardware assisted multiply using the
71 MSTEP instruction (not yet implemented).
73 CFG_NIOS_TMRBASE -- the base address of the timer used to support
74 xxx_timer routines (e.g. set_timer(), get_timer(), etc.).
75 (standard-32: na_lo_priority_timer2_base).
77 CFG_NIOS_TMRIRQ -- the interrupt request (vector number) assigned to
78 the timer. (standard-32: na_low_priority_timer2_irq).
80 CFG_NIOS_TMRMS -- the period of the timer in milliseconds.
82 2.2 Differences in U-Boot Options/Settings
83 -------------------------------------------
84 Some 'standard' U-Boot options/settings are treated differently in
85 the Nios port. These are described below.
87 CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET -- in the Nios port, this is the offset of the
88 global data structure in the Nios memory space. More simply,
89 the address of global data.
95 In browsing the assembly source files, you may notice the absence
96 of the 'magic macros' (e.g. MOVIA, MOVIP, ADDIP etc.). This is
97 deliberate. The documentation for the magic macros is scant and
98 it is hard to find ... it does not appear in the Nios programmer's
99 manual, nor does it appear in the assembler manual. Regardless,
100 the macros actually do very little to improve readability anyway.
102 With this in mind, all assembler modules use only instructions that
103 appear in the Nios programmer's manual OR are directly supported
104 by the nios-elf toolchain. For example, the 'dec %rB' instruction
105 is an alias for 'subi %rB,1' that is supported by the assembler
106 but does not appear in the programmer's manual.
112 This section describes some of the unfortunate and avoidable aspects
113 of working with the Nios CPU ... and some things you can do to
116 4.1 GERMS doesn't work with Hyperterminal
117 ------------------------------------------
118 GERMS doesn't do CR/LF mapping that is compatible with Hyperterminal
119 (or minicom) -- geez. Regardless of you opion of Hyperterminal, this
120 sad design decision is remedied by using U-Boot.
122 4.2 cygwin Incompatibility
123 ---------------------------
124 The version of cygwin distributed with the nios GNUPro toolchain is
125 out-of-date and incompatible with the latest cygwin distributions.
126 In addition, many of the standard utilities are very dated as well.
127 If you try to download and build the lastest version of grep for
128 example, you'll quickly realize that a native gcc is not available
129 (the next topic) which leads to U-Boot build problems (following
132 The solution ... well, you can wait for Altera ... or build as
133 set of tools for linux.
137 I'm not sure how this one slipped through the cracks ... but it is
138 a real pain. Basically, if you want to build anything for the native
139 environment -- forget it! A native (cygwin) gcc is not distributed,
140 and the old version of cygwin makes locating one challenging.
142 The solution ... same as above. Just download the gcc source from
143 Altera and build up a set of cross tools for your favorite linux
146 4.4 Can't build default U-Boot
147 -------------------------------
148 By default, when you build U-Boot you will be building some native
149 tools along with the target elf, bin, and srec files. Without a
150 native gcc, this (obviously) causes problems.
152 For developers using the Altera cygwin tools you can remove the
153 'tools' directory from SUBDIRS in the top-level Makefile. You will
154 also have to edit common/Makefile:
157 environment.o: environment.c ../tools/envcrc
158 $(CC) $(AFLAGS) -Wa,--no-warn \
159 -DENV_CRC=$(shell ../tools/envcrc) \
160 -c -o $@ environment.c
163 environment.o: environment.c ../tools/envcrc
164 $(CC) $(AFLAGS) -Wa,--no-warn \
166 -c -o $@ environment.c
168 BTW, thats a 'zero' ... not the letter 'O'.
174 There are plenty of areas where help is needed. Here's are some ideas
175 for those interested in contributing:
177 -SMC 91C111 support. E.g. add in tftpboot, etc.
179 -CompactFlash. Port & test CF/FAT.
181 -ASMI support. Use ASMI for environment, etc.
183 -Bedbug. Develop bedbug for Nios ... or at least provide a disassemble
186 -Add boot support for ucLinux (niosnommu).
188 -Implement (don't copy Altera code) the __mulxx routines using the
189 MSTEP and MUL instructions (e.g. CFG_NIOS_MULT_HW and CFG_NIOS_MULT_MSTEP).