1 NAND FLASH commands and notes
6 # Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
8 # See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
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29 Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.
32 Print information about the current NAND device.
35 Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.
37 nand erase off|partition size
38 nand erase clean [off|partition size]
39 Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Alternatively partition
40 name can be specified, in this case size will be eventually limited
41 to not exceed partition size (this behaviour applies also to read
42 and write commands). Only complete erase blocks can be erased.
44 If `erase' is specified without an offset or size, the entire flash
45 is erased. If `erase' is specified with partition but without an
46 size, the entire partition is erased.
48 If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
49 each block after it is erased.
51 This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
52 a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
53 Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
54 bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.
57 Print information about all of the NAND devices found.
59 nand read addr ofs|partition size
60 Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. Blocks that
61 are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
62 uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.
64 nand read.oob addr ofs|partition size
65 Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
66 `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
67 data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
68 for bad blocks or ECC errors.
70 nand write addr ofs|partition size
71 Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash. Blocks that
72 are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
73 uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.
75 As JFFS2 skips blocks similarly, this allows writing a JFFS2 image,
76 as long as the image is short enough to fit even after skipping the
77 bad blocks. Compact images, such as those produced by mkfs.jffs2
78 should work well, but loading an image copied from another flash is
79 going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.
81 nand write.trimffs addr ofs|partition size
82 Enabled by the CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TRIMFFS macro. This command will write to
83 the NAND flash in a manner identical to the 'nand write' command
84 described above -- with the additional check that all pages at the end
85 of eraseblocks which contain only 0xff data will not be written to the
86 NAND flash. This behaviour is required when flashing UBI images
87 containing UBIFS volumes as per the UBI FAQ[1].
89 [1] http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html#L_flasher_algo
91 nand write.oob addr ofs|partition size
92 Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
93 corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
94 of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
97 nand read.raw addr ofs|partition [count]
98 nand write.raw addr ofs|partition [count]
99 Read or write one or more pages at "ofs" in NAND flash, from or to
100 "addr" in memory. This is a raw access, so ECC is avoided and the
101 OOB area is transferred as well. If count is absent, it is assumed
102 to be one page. As with .yaffs2 accesses, the data is formatted as
103 a packed sequence of "data, oob, data, oob, ..." -- no alignment of
104 individual pages is maintained.
106 Configuration Options:
109 Enables NAND support and commmands.
111 CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
112 Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
113 the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
114 CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
115 someone to implement.
117 CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE
118 The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.
120 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS
121 The maximum number of NAND chips per device to be supported.
123 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT
124 Traditionally, glue code in drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c has driven
125 the initialization process -- it provides the mtd and nand
126 structs, calls a board init function for a specific device,
127 calls nand_scan(), and registers with mtd.
129 This arrangement does not provide drivers with the flexibility to
130 run code between nand_scan_ident() and nand_scan_tail(), or other
131 deviations from the "normal" flow.
133 If a board defines CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT, drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c
134 will make one call to board_nand_init(), with no arguments. That
135 function is responsible for calling a driver init function for
136 each NAND device on the board, that performs all initialization
137 tasks except setting mtd->name, and registering with the rest of
138 U-Boot. Those last tasks are accomplished by calling nand_register()
139 on the new mtd device.
141 Example of new init to be added to the end of an existing driver
145 * devnum is the device number to be used in nand commands
146 * and in mtd->name. Must be less than
147 * CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_DEVICE.
149 mtd = &nand_info[devnum];
151 /* chip is struct nand_chip, and is now provided by the driver. */
155 * Fill in appropriate values if this driver uses these fields,
156 * or uses the standard read_byte/write_buf/etc. functions from
157 * nand_base.c that use these fields.
159 chip.IO_ADDR_R = ...;
160 chip.IO_ADDR_W = ...;
162 if (nand_scan_ident(mtd, CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_CHIPS, NULL))
166 * Insert here any code you wish to run after the chip has been
167 * identified, but before any other I/O is done.
170 if (nand_scan_tail(mtd))
173 if (nand_register(devnum))
176 In addition to providing more flexibility to the driver, it reduces
177 the difference between a U-Boot driver and its Linux counterpart.
178 nand_init() is now reduced to calling board_nand_init() once, and
179 printing a size summary. This should also make it easier to
180 transition to delayed NAND initialization.
182 Please convert your driver even if you don't need the extra
183 flexibility, so that one day we can eliminate the old mechanism.
188 The current NAND implementation is based on what is in recent
189 Linux kernels. The old legacy implementation has been removed.
191 If you have board code which used CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, you'll need
192 to convert to the current NAND interface for it to continue to work.
194 The Disk On Chip driver is currently broken and has been for some time.
195 There is a driver in drivers/mtd/nand, taken from Linux, that works with
196 the current NAND system but has not yet been adapted to the u-boot
199 Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006
201 JFFS2 related commands:
203 implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
204 using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
205 "nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.
207 Miscellaneous and testing commands:
209 create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)
211 "scrub [offset length]"
212 like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
213 DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
214 to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.
217 NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)
220 set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)
223 set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)
226 displays current locking status of all pages
228 "nand unlock [offset] [size]"
229 unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)
231 "nand unlock.allexcept [offset] [size]"
232 unlock all except specified consecutive area
234 I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
235 and 32MiB small page chips.