1 NAND FLASH commands and notes
6 # Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
8 # See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
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29 Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.
32 Print information about the current NAND device.
35 Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.
38 nand erase clean [off size]
39 Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Only complete erase
42 If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
43 each block after it is erased. If `clean' is specified without an
44 offset or size, the entire flash is erased.
46 This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
47 a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
48 Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
49 bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.
52 Print information about all of the NAND devices found.
54 nand read addr ofs size
55 Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. If a page
56 cannot be read because it is marked bad or an uncorrectable data
57 error is found the command stops with an error.
59 nand read.jffs2 addr ofs size
60 Like `read', but the data for blocks that are marked bad is read as
61 0xff. This gives a readable JFFS2 image that can be processed by
62 the JFFS2 commands such as ls and fsload.
64 nand read.oob addr ofs size
65 Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
66 `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
67 data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
68 for bad blocks or ECC errors.
70 nand write addr ofs size
71 Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash. If a page
72 cannot be written because it is marked bad or the write fails the
73 command stops with an error.
75 nand write.jffs2 addr ofs size
76 Like `write', but blocks that are marked bad are skipped and the
77 is written to the next block instead. This allows writing writing
78 a JFFS2 image, as long as the image is short enough to fit even
79 after skipping the bad blocks. Compact images, such as those
80 produced by mkfs.jffs2 should work well, but loading an image copied
81 from another flash is going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.
83 nand write.oob addr ofs size
84 Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
85 corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
86 of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
89 Configuration Options:
92 A good one to add to CONFIG_COMMANDS since it enables NAND support.
94 CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
95 Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
96 the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
97 CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
101 The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.
105 #define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand)
106 Wait until the NAND flash is ready. Typically this would be a
107 loop waiting for the READY/BUSY line from the flash to indicate it
110 #define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr)
111 Write the command byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
112 CLE (command latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
113 different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
114 to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
115 to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETCLE()
118 #define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr)
119 Write the address byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
120 ALE (address latch enable) line true. If your board uses writes to
121 different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
122 to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
123 to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_SETALE()
126 #define WRITE_NAND(d, adr)
127 Write the data byte `d' to the flash at `adr' with the
128 ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses writes to
129 different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
130 to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
131 to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
134 #define READ_NAND(adr)
135 Read a data byte from the flash at `adr' with the
136 ALE and CLE lines false. If your board uses reads from
137 different addresses to control CLE and ALE, you can modify `adr'
138 to be the appropriate address here. If your board uses I/O registers
139 to control them, it is probably better to let NAND_CTL_CLRALE()
142 #define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand)
143 Set CE (Chip Enable) low to enable the NAND flash.
145 #define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand)
146 Set CE (Chip Enable) high to disable the NAND flash.
148 #define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
149 Set ALE (address latch enable) low. If ALE control is handled by
150 WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
152 #define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
153 Set ALE (address latch enable) high. If ALE control is handled by
154 WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
156 #define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
157 Set CLE (command latch enable) low. If CLE control is handled by
158 WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
160 #define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
161 Set CLE (command latch enable) high. If CLE control is handled by
162 WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS() this can be empty.
166 These definitions are needed in the board configuration for now, but
167 may really belong in a header file.
168 TODO: Figure which ones are truly configuration settings and rename
169 them to CFG_NAND_... and move the rest somewhere appropriate.
171 #define SECTORSIZE 512
172 #define ADDR_COLUMN 1
174 #define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 3
175 #define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00
176 #define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
177 #define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1
183 We now use a complete rewrite of the NAND code based on what is in
186 The old NAND handling code has been re-factored and is now confined
187 to only board-specific files and - unfortunately - to the DoC code
188 (see below). A new configuration variable has been introduced:
189 CFG_NAND_LEGACY, which has to be defined in the board config file if
190 that board uses legacy code. If CFG_NAND_LEGACY is defined, the board
191 specific config.mk file should also have "BOARDLIBS =
192 drivers/nand_legacy/libnand_legacy.a". For boards using the new NAND
193 approach (PPChameleon and netstar at the moment) no variable is
194 necessary, but the config.mk should have "BOARDLIBS =
195 drivers/nand/libnand.a".
197 The necessary changes have been made to all affected boards, and no
198 build breakage has been introduced, except for NETTA and NETTA_ISDN
199 targets from MAKEALL. This is due to the fact that these two boards
200 use JFFS, which has been adopted to use the new NAND, and at the same
201 time use NAND in legacy mode. The breakage will disappear when the
202 board-specific code is changed to the new NAND.
204 As mentioned above, the legacy code is still used by the DoC subsystem.
205 The consequence of this is that the legacy NAND can't be removed from
206 the tree until the DoC is ported to use the new NAND support (or boards
207 with DoC will break).
210 Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006
212 JFFS2 related commands:
214 implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
215 using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
216 "nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.
219 like "nand write" but skip found bad eraseblocks
222 like "nand read" but skip found bad eraseblocks
224 Miscellaneous and testing commands:
226 create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)
228 "scrub [offset length]"
229 like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
230 DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
231 to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.
234 NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)
237 set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)
240 set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)
243 displays current locking status of all pages
245 "nand unlock [offset] [size]"
246 unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)
249 I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
250 and 32MiB small page chips.