1 NAND FLASH commands and notes
6 # Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
8 # See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
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29 Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.
32 Print information about the current NAND device.
35 Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.
37 nand erase off|partition size
38 nand erase clean [off|partition size]
39 Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Alternatively partition
40 name can be specified, in this case size will be eventually limited
41 to not exceed partition size (this behaviour applies also to read
42 and write commands). Only complete erase blocks can be erased.
44 If `erase' is specified without an offset or size, the entire flash
45 is erased. If `erase' is specified with partition but without an
46 size, the entire partition is erased.
48 If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
49 each block after it is erased.
51 This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
52 a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
53 Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
54 bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.
57 Print information about all of the NAND devices found.
59 nand read addr ofs|partition size
60 Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. Blocks that
61 are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
62 uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.
64 nand read.oob addr ofs|partition size
65 Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
66 `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
67 data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
68 for bad blocks or ECC errors.
70 nand write addr ofs|partition size
71 Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash. Blocks that
72 are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
73 uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.
75 As JFFS2 skips blocks similarly, this allows writing a JFFS2 image,
76 as long as the image is short enough to fit even after skipping the
77 bad blocks. Compact images, such as those produced by mkfs.jffs2
78 should work well, but loading an image copied from another flash is
79 going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.
81 nand write.trimffs addr ofs|partition size
82 Enabled by the CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TRIMFFS macro. This command will write to
83 the NAND flash in a manner identical to the 'nand write' command
84 described above -- with the additional check that all pages at the end
85 of eraseblocks which contain only 0xff data will not be written to the
86 NAND flash. This behaviour is required when flashing UBI images
87 containing UBIFS volumes as per the UBI FAQ[1].
89 [1] http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html#L_flasher_algo
91 nand write.oob addr ofs|partition size
92 Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
93 corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
94 of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
97 nand read.raw addr ofs|partition [count]
98 nand write.raw addr ofs|partition [count]
99 Read or write one or more pages at "ofs" in NAND flash, from or to
100 "addr" in memory. This is a raw access, so ECC is avoided and the
101 OOB area is transferred as well. If count is absent, it is assumed
102 to be one page. As with .yaffs2 accesses, the data is formatted as
103 a packed sequence of "data, oob, data, oob, ..." -- no alignment of
104 individual pages is maintained.
106 Configuration Options:
109 Enables NAND support and commmands.
111 CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TORTURE
112 Enables the torture command (see description of this command below).
114 CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
115 Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
116 the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
117 CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
118 someone to implement.
120 CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE
121 The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.
123 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS
124 The maximum number of NAND chips per device to be supported.
126 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT
127 Traditionally, glue code in drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c has driven
128 the initialization process -- it provides the mtd and nand
129 structs, calls a board init function for a specific device,
130 calls nand_scan(), and registers with mtd.
132 This arrangement does not provide drivers with the flexibility to
133 run code between nand_scan_ident() and nand_scan_tail(), or other
134 deviations from the "normal" flow.
136 If a board defines CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT, drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c
137 will make one call to board_nand_init(), with no arguments. That
138 function is responsible for calling a driver init function for
139 each NAND device on the board, that performs all initialization
140 tasks except setting mtd->name, and registering with the rest of
141 U-Boot. Those last tasks are accomplished by calling nand_register()
142 on the new mtd device.
144 Example of new init to be added to the end of an existing driver
148 * devnum is the device number to be used in nand commands
149 * and in mtd->name. Must be less than
150 * CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_DEVICE.
152 mtd = &nand_info[devnum];
154 /* chip is struct nand_chip, and is now provided by the driver. */
158 * Fill in appropriate values if this driver uses these fields,
159 * or uses the standard read_byte/write_buf/etc. functions from
160 * nand_base.c that use these fields.
162 chip.IO_ADDR_R = ...;
163 chip.IO_ADDR_W = ...;
165 if (nand_scan_ident(mtd, CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_CHIPS, NULL))
169 * Insert here any code you wish to run after the chip has been
170 * identified, but before any other I/O is done.
173 if (nand_scan_tail(mtd))
176 if (nand_register(devnum))
179 In addition to providing more flexibility to the driver, it reduces
180 the difference between a U-Boot driver and its Linux counterpart.
181 nand_init() is now reduced to calling board_nand_init() once, and
182 printing a size summary. This should also make it easier to
183 transition to delayed NAND initialization.
185 Please convert your driver even if you don't need the extra
186 flexibility, so that one day we can eliminate the old mechanism.
191 The current NAND implementation is based on what is in recent
192 Linux kernels. The old legacy implementation has been removed.
194 If you have board code which used CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, you'll need
195 to convert to the current NAND interface for it to continue to work.
197 The Disk On Chip driver is currently broken and has been for some time.
198 There is a driver in drivers/mtd/nand, taken from Linux, that works with
199 the current NAND system but has not yet been adapted to the u-boot
202 Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006
204 JFFS2 related commands:
206 implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
207 using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
208 "nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.
210 Miscellaneous and testing commands:
212 create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)
214 "scrub [offset length]"
215 like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
216 DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
217 to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.
220 Torture block to determine if it is still reliable.
221 Enabled by the CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TORTURE configuration option.
222 This command returns 0 if the block is still reliable, else 1.
223 If the block is detected as unreliable, it is up to the user to decide to
224 mark this block as bad.
225 The analyzed block is put through 3 erase / write cycles (or less if the block
226 is detected as unreliable earlier).
227 This command can be used in scripts, e.g. together with the markbad command to
228 automate retries and handling of possibly newly detected bad blocks if the
229 nand write command fails.
230 It can also be used manually by users having seen some NAND errors in logs to
231 search the root cause of these errors.
232 The underlying nand_torture() function is also useful for code willing to
233 automate actions following a nand->write() error. This would e.g. be required
234 in order to program or update safely firmware to NAND, especially for the UBI
235 part of such firmware.
238 NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)
241 set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)
244 set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)
247 displays current locking status of all pages
249 "nand unlock [offset] [size]"
250 unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)
252 "nand unlock.allexcept [offset] [size]"
253 unlock all except specified consecutive area
255 I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
256 and 32MiB small page chips.