1 Booting U-boot on a MXS processor
2 =================================
4 This document describes the MXS U-Boot port. This document mostly covers topics
5 related to making the module/board bootable.
10 The term "MXS" refers to a family of Freescale SoCs that is composed by MX23
13 The dollar symbol ($) introduces a snipped of shell code. This shall be typed
14 into the unix command prompt in U-Boot source code root directory.
16 The (=>) introduces a snipped of code that should by typed into U-Boot command
23 2) Compiling U-Boot for a MXS based board
24 3) Installation of U-Boot for a MXS based board to SD card
25 4) Installation of U-Boot into NAND flash on a MX28 based board
30 To make a MXS based board bootable, some tools are necessary. The first one is
31 the "elftosb" tool distributed by Freescale Semiconductor. The other one is the
32 "mxsboot" tool found in U-Boot source tree.
34 Firstly, obtain the elftosb archive from the following location:
36 ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/tools/elftosb-10.12.01.tar.gz
38 We use a $VER variable here to denote the current version. At the time of
39 writing of this document, that is "10.12.01". To obtain the file from command
43 $ wget ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/tools/elftosb-${VER}.tar.gz
47 $ tar xzf elftosb-${VER}.tar.gz
49 Compile the file. We need to manually tell the linker to use also libm:
52 $ make LIBS="-lstdc++ -lm" elftosb
54 Optionally, remove debugging symbols from elftosb:
56 $ strip bld/linux/elftosb
58 Finally, install the "elftosb" binary. The "install" target is missing, so just
59 copy the binary by hand:
61 $ sudo cp bld/linux/elftosb /usr/local/bin/
63 Make sure the "elftosb" binary can be found in your $PATH, in this case this
64 means "/usr/local/bin/" has to be in your $PATH.
66 2) Compiling U-Boot for a MXS based board
67 -------------------------------------------
69 Compiling the U-Boot for a MXS board is straightforward and done as compiling
70 U-Boot for any other ARM device. For cross-compiler setup, please refer to
71 ELDK5.0 documentation. First, clean up the source code:
75 Next, configure U-Boot for a MXS based board
77 $ make <mxs_based_board_name>_config
81 1. For building U-boot for Denx M28EVK board:
85 2. For building U-boot for Freescale MX28EVK board:
89 3. For building U-boot for Freescale MX23EVK board:
93 4. For building U-boot for Olimex MX23 Olinuxino board:
95 $ make mx23_olinuxino_config
97 Lastly, compile U-Boot and prepare a "BootStream". The "BootStream" is a special
98 type of file, which MXS CPUs can boot. This is handled by the following
103 HINT: To speed-up the build process, you can add -j<N>, where N is number of
104 compiler instances that'll run in parallel.
106 The code produces "u-boot.sb" file. This file needs to be augmented with a
107 proper header to allow successful boot from SD or NAND. Adding the header is
108 discussed in the following chapters.
110 3) Installation of U-Boot for a MXS based board to SD card
111 ----------------------------------------------------------
113 To boot a MXS based board from SD, set the boot mode DIP switches according to
114 to MX28 manual, section 12.2.1 (Table 12-2) or MX23 manual, section 35.1.2
117 The SD card used to boot U-Boot must contain a DOS partition table, which in
118 turn carries a partition of special type and which contains a special header.
119 The rest of partitions in the DOS partition table can be used by the user.
121 To prepare such partition, use your favourite partitioning tool. The partition
122 must have the following parameters:
124 * Start sector .......... sector 2048
125 * Partition size ........ at least 1024 kb
126 * Partition type ........ 0x53 (sometimes "OnTrack DM6 Aux3")
128 For example in Linux fdisk, the sequence for a clear card follows. Be sure to
129 run fdisk with the option "-u=sectors" to set units to sectors:
131 * o ..................... create a clear partition table
132 * n ..................... create new partition
133 * p ............. primary partition
134 * 1 ............. first partition
135 * 2048 .......... first sector is 2048
136 * +1M ........... make the partition 1Mb big
137 * t 1 ................... change first partition ID
138 * 53 ............ change the ID to 0x53 (OnTrack DM6 Aux3)
139 * <create other partitions>
140 * w ..................... write partition table to disk
142 The partition layout is ready, next the special partition must be filled with
143 proper contents. The contents is generated by running the following command
146 $ ./tools/mxsboot sd u-boot.sb u-boot.sd
148 The resulting file, "u-boot.sd", shall then be written to the partition. In this
149 case, we assume the first partition of the SD card is /dev/mmcblk0p1:
151 $ dd if=u-boot.sd of=/dev/mmcblk0p1
153 Last step is to insert the card into the MXS based board and boot.
155 NOTE: If the user needs to adjust the start sector, the "mxsboot" tool contains
156 a "-p" switch for that purpose. The "-p" switch takes the sector number as
159 4) Installation of U-Boot into NAND flash on a MX28 based board
160 ---------------------------------------------------------------
162 To boot a MX28 based board from NAND, set the boot mode DIP switches according
163 to MX28 manual section 12.2.1 (Table 12-2), PORT=GPMI, NAND 1.8 V.
165 There are two possibilities when preparing an image writable to NAND flash.
167 I) The NAND wasn't written at all yet or the BCB is broken
168 ----------------------------------------------------------
169 In this case, both BCB (FCB and DBBT) and firmware needs to be
170 written to NAND. To generate NAND image containing all these,
171 there is a tool called "mxsboot" in the "tools/" directory. The tool
172 is invoked on "u-boot.sb" file from chapter 2):
174 $ ./tools/mxsboot nand u-boot.sb u-boot.nand
176 NOTE: The above invokation works for NAND flash with geometry of
177 2048b per page, 64b OOB data, 128kb erase size. If your chip
178 has a different geometry, please use:
180 -w <size> change page size (default 2048 b)
181 -o <size> change oob size (default 64 b)
182 -e <size> change erase size (default 131072 b)
184 The geometry information can be obtained from running U-Boot
185 on the MX28 board by issuing the "nand info" command.
187 The resulting file, "u-boot.nand" can be written directly to NAND
188 from the U-Boot prompt. To simplify the process, the U-Boot default
189 environment contains script "update_nand_full" to update the system.
191 This script expects a working TFTP server containing the file
192 "u-boot.nand" in it's root directory. This can be changed by
193 adjusting the "update_nand_full_filename" varible.
195 To update the system, run the following in U-Boot prompt:
197 => run update_nand_full
199 In case you would only need to update the bootloader in future,
202 II) The NAND was already written with a good BCB
203 ------------------------------------------------
204 This part applies after the part I) above was done at least once.
206 If part I) above was done correctly already, there is no need to
207 write the FCB and DBBT parts of NAND again. It's possible to upgrade
208 only the bootloader image.
210 To simplify the process of firmware update, the U-Boot default
211 environment contains script "update_nand_firmware" to update only
212 the firmware, without rewriting FCB and DBBT.
214 This script expects a working TFTP server containing the file
215 "u-boot.sb" in it's root directory. This can be changed by
216 adjusting the "update_nand_firmware_filename" varible.
218 To update the system, run the following in U-Boot prompt:
220 => run update_nand_firmware
222 III) Special settings for the update scripts
223 --------------------------------------------
224 There is a slight possibility of the user wanting to adjust the
225 STRIDE and COUNT options of the NAND boot. For description of these,
226 see MX28 manual section 12.12.1.2 and 12.12.1.3.
228 The update scripts take this possibility into account. In case the
229 user changes STRIDE by blowing fuses, the user also has to change
230 "update_nand_stride" variable. In case the user changes COUNT by
231 blowing fuses, the user also has to change "update_nand_count"
232 variable for the update scripts to work correctly.
234 In case the user needs to boot a firmware image bigger than 1Mb, the
235 user has to adjust the "update_nand_firmware_maxsz" variable for the
236 update scripts to work properly.