2 # Copyright (C) 2012 Samsung Electronics
4 # Lukasz Majewski <l.majewski@samsung.com>
7 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
11 - UUID -(Universally Unique Identifier)
12 - GUID - (Globally Unique ID)
13 - EFI - (Extensible Firmware Interface)
14 - UEFI - (Unified EFI) - EFI evolution
15 - GPT (GUID Partition Table) - it is the EFI standard part
16 - partitions - lists of available partitions (defined at u-boot):
17 ./include/configs/{target}.h
21 This document describes the GPT partition table format and usage of
22 the gpt command in u-boot.
27 GPT for marking disks/partitions is using the UUID. It is supposed to be a
28 globally unique value. A UUID is a 16-byte (128-bit) number. The number of
29 theoretically possible UUIDs is therefore about 3 x 10^38.
30 More often UUID is displayed as 32 hexadecimal digits, in 5 groups,
31 separated by hyphens, in the form 8-4-4-4-12 for a total of 36 characters
32 (32 digits and 4 hyphens)
34 For instance, GUID of Linux data partition: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
36 Historically there are 5 methods to generate this number. The oldest one is
37 combining machine's MAC address and timer (epoch) value.
39 Successive versions are using MD5 hash, random numbers and SHA-1 hash. All major
40 OSes and programming languages are providing libraries to compute UUID (e.g.
41 uuid command line tool).
43 GPT brief explanation:
44 ======================
49 --------------------------------------------------
50 LBA 0 |Protective MBR |
51 ----------------------------------------------------------
52 LBA 1 |Primary GPT Header | Primary
53 -------------------------------------------------- GPT
54 LBA 2 |Entry 1|Entry 2| Entry 3| Entry 4|
55 --------------------------------------------------
56 LBA 3 |Entries 5 - 128 |
59 ----------------------------------------------------------
62 -----------------------------------
65 -----------------------------------
68 ----------------------------------------------------------
69 LBA -34 |Entry 1|Entry 2| Entry 3| Entry 4| Backup
70 -------------------------------------------------- GPT
71 LBA -33 |Entries 5 - 128 |
75 --------------------------------------------------
76 LBA -1 |Backup GPT Header |
77 ----------------------------------------------------------
79 For a legacy reasons, GPT's LBA 0 sector has a MBR structure. It is called
81 Its first partition entry ID has 0xEE value, and disk software, which is not
82 handling the GPT sees it as a storage device without free space.
84 It is possible to define 128 linearly placed partition entries.
86 "LBA -1" means the last addressable block (in the mmc subsystem:
89 Primary/Backup GPT header:
90 ----------------------------
91 Offset Size Description
93 0 8 B Signature ("EFI PART", 45 46 49 20 50 41 52 54)
94 8 4 B Revision (For version 1.0, the value is 00 00 01 00)
95 12 4 B Header size (in bytes, usually 5C 00 00 00 meaning 92 bytes)
96 16 4 B CRC32 of header (0 to header size), with this field zeroed
98 20 4 B Reserved (ZERO);
99 24 8 B Current LBA (location of this header copy)
100 32 8 B Backup LBA (location of the other header copy)
101 40 8 B First usable LBA for partitions (primary partition table last
103 48 8 B Last usable LBA (secondary partition table first LBA - 1)
104 56 16 B Disk GUID (also referred as UUID on UNIXes)
105 72 8 B Partition entries starting LBA (always 2 in primary copy)
106 80 4 B Number of partition entries
107 84 4 B Size of a partition entry (usually 128)
108 88 4 B CRC32 of partition array
109 92 * Reserved; must be ZERO (420 bytes for a 512-byte LBA)
116 GPT headers and partition entries are protected by CRC32 (the POSIX CRC32).
118 Primary GPT header and Backup GPT header have swapped values of "Current LBA"
119 and "Backup LBA" and therefore different CRC32 check-sum.
121 CRC32 for GPT headers (field "CRC of header") are calculated up till
122 "Header size" (92), NOT 512 bytes.
124 CRC32 for partition entries (field "CRC32 of partition array") is calculated for
125 the whole array entry ( Number_of_partition_entries *
126 sizeof(partition_entry_size (usually 128)))
128 Observe, how Backup GPT is placed in the memory. It is NOT a mirror reflect
131 Partition Entry Format:
132 ----------------------
133 Offset Size Description
135 0 16 B Partition type GUID (Big Endian)
136 16 16 B Unique partition GUID in (Big Endian)
137 32 8 B First LBA (Little Endian)
138 40 8 B Last LBA (inclusive)
139 48 8 B Attribute flags [+]
140 56 72 B Partition name (text)
143 Bit 0 - System partition
148 Creating GPT partitions in U-Boot:
151 To restore GUID partition table one needs to:
152 1. Define partition layout in the environment.
153 Format of partitions layout:
154 "partitions=uuid_disk=...;name=u-boot,size=60MiB,uuid=...;
155 name=kernel,size=60MiB,uuid=...;"
157 "partitions=uuid_disk=${uuid_gpt_disk};name=${uboot_name},
158 size=${uboot_size},uuid=${uboot_uuid};"
160 The fields 'name' and 'size' are mandatory for every partition.
161 The field 'start' is optional.
163 The fields 'uuid' and 'uuid_disk' are optional if CONFIG_RANDOM_UUID is
164 enabled. A random uuid will be used if omitted or they point to an empty/
165 non-existent environment variable. The environment variable will be set to
168 2. Define 'CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION' and 'CONFIG_CMD_GPT'
170 2. From u-boot prompt type:
171 gpt write mmc 0 $partitions
176 Two programs, namely: 'gdisk' and 'parted' are recommended to work with GPT
177 recovery. Both are able to handle GUID partitions.
178 Please, pay attention at -l switch for parted.
180 "uuid" program is recommended to generate UUID string. Moreover it can decode
181 (-d switch) passed in UUID string. It can be used to generate partitions UUID
182 passed to u-boot environment variables.
183 If optional CONFIG_RANDOM_UUID is defined then for any partition which environment
184 uuid is unset, uuid is randomly generated and stored in correspond environment
188 Each string block of UUID generated by program "uuid" is in big endian and it is
189 also stored in big endian in disk GPT.
190 Partitions layout can be printed by typing "mmc part". Note that each partition
191 GUID has different byte order than UUID generated before, this is because first
192 three blocks of GUID string are in Little Endian.