2 # Copyright (C) 2012 Samsung Electronics
4 # Lukasz Majewski <l.majewski@samsung.com>
7 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
12 - UUID -(Universally Unique Identifier)
13 - GUID - (Globally Unique ID)
14 - EFI - (Extensible Firmware Interface)
15 - UEFI - (Unified EFI) - EFI evolution
16 - GPT (GUID Partition Table) - it is the EFI standard part
17 - partitions - lists of available partitions (defined at u-boot):
18 ./include/configs/{target}.h
22 This document describes the GPT partition table format and usage of
23 the gpt command in u-boot.
29 GPT for marking disks/partitions is using the UUID. It is supposed to be a
30 globally unique value. A UUID is a 16-byte (128-bit) number. The number of
31 theoretically possible UUIDs is therefore about 3 x 10^38.
32 More often UUID is displayed as 32 hexadecimal digits, in 5 groups,
33 separated by hyphens, in the form 8-4-4-4-12 for a total of 36 characters
34 (32 digits and 4 hyphens)
36 For instance, GUID of Linux data partition: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
38 Historically there are 5 methods to generate this number. The oldest one is
39 combining machine's MAC address and timer (epoch) value.
41 Successive versions are using MD5 hash, random numbers and SHA-1 hash. All major
42 OSes and programming languages are providing libraries to compute UUID (e.g.
43 uuid command line tool).
45 GPT brief explanation:
46 ======================
51 --------------------------------------------------
52 LBA 0 |Protective MBR |
53 ----------------------------------------------------------
54 LBA 1 |Primary GPT Header | Primary
55 -------------------------------------------------- GPT
56 LBA 2 |Entry 1|Entry 2| Entry 3| Entry 4|
57 --------------------------------------------------
58 LBA 3 |Entries 5 - 128 |
61 ----------------------------------------------------------
64 -----------------------------------
67 -----------------------------------
70 ----------------------------------------------------------
71 LBA -34 |Entry 1|Entry 2| Entry 3| Entry 4| Secondary
72 -------------------------------------------------- (bkp)
73 LBA -33 |Entries 5 - 128 | GPT
77 --------------------------------------------------
78 LBA -1 |Secondary GPT Header |
79 ----------------------------------------------------------
82 For a legacy reasons, GPT's LBA 0 sector has a MBR structure. It is called
84 Its first partition entry ID has 0xEE value, and disk software, which is not
85 handling the GPT sees it as a storage device without free space.
87 It is possible to define 128 linearly placed partition entries.
89 "LBA -1" means the last addressable block (in the mmc subsystem:
92 Primary/Secondary GPT header:
93 ----------------------------
94 Offset Size Description
96 0 8 B Signature ("EFI PART", 45 46 49 20 50 41 52 54)
97 8 4 B Revision (For version 1.0, the value is 00 00 01 00)
98 12 4 B Header size (in bytes, usually 5C 00 00 00 meaning 92 bytes)
99 16 4 B CRC32 of header (0 to header size), with this field zeroed
101 20 4 B Reserved (ZERO);
102 24 8 B Current LBA (location of this header copy)
103 32 8 B Backup LBA (location of the other header copy)
104 40 8 B First usable LBA for partitions (primary partition table last
106 48 8 B Last usable LBA (secondary partition table first LBA - 1)
107 56 16 B Disk GUID (also referred as UUID on UNIXes)
108 72 8 B Partition entries starting LBA (always 2 in primary copy)
109 80 4 B Number of partition entries
110 84 4 B Size of a partition entry (usually 128)
111 88 4 B CRC32 of partition array
112 92 * Reserved; must be ZERO (420 bytes for a 512-byte LBA)
120 GPT headers and partition entries are protected by CRC32 (the POSIX CRC32).
122 Primary GPT header and Secondary GPT header have swapped values of "Current LBA"
123 and "Backup LBA" and therefore different CRC32 check-sum.
125 CRC32 for GPT headers (field "CRC of header") are calculated up till
126 "Header size" (92), NOT 512 bytes.
128 CRC32 for partition entries (field "CRC32 of partition array") is calculated for
129 the whole array entry ( Number_of_partition_entries *
130 sizeof(partition_entry_size (usually 128)))
132 Observe, how Secondary GPT is placed in the memory. It is NOT a mirror reflect
136 Partition Entry Format:
137 ----------------------
138 Offset Size Description
140 0 16 B Partition type GUID
141 16 16 B Unique partition GUID
142 32 8 B First LBA (Little Endian)
143 40 8 B Last LBA (inclusive)
144 48 8 B Attribute flags [+]
145 56 72 B Partition name (text)
148 Bit 0 - System partition
154 Creating GPT partitions in U-Boot:
157 To restore GUID partition table one needs to:
158 1. Define partition layout in the environment.
159 Format of partitions layout:
160 "partitions=uuid_disk=...;name=u-boot,size=60MiB,uuid=...;
161 name=kernel,size=60MiB,uuid=...;"
163 "partitions=uuid_disk=${uuid_gpt_disk};name=${uboot_name},
164 size=${uboot_size},uuid=${uboot_uuid};"
166 Fields 'name', 'size' and 'uuid' are mandatory for every partition.
167 The field 'start' is optional.
169 2. Define 'CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION' and 'CONFIG_CMD_GPT'
171 2. From u-boot prompt type:
172 gpt write mmc 0 $partitions
178 Two programs, namely: 'fdisk' and 'parted' are recommended to work with GPT
179 recovery. Parted is able to handle GUID partitions. Unfortunately the 'fdisk'
180 hasn't got such ability.
181 Please, pay attention at -l switch for parted.
183 "uuid" program is recommended to generate UUID string. Moreover it can decode
184 (-d switch) passed in UUID string. It can be used to generate partitions UUID
185 passed to u-boot environment variables.