2 # Copyright (c) 2011 The Chromium OS Authors.
4 # See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
7 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
9 # published by the Free Software Foundatio; either version 2 of
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12 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 # GNU General Public License for more details.
17 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
23 Device Tree Control in U-Boot
24 =============================
26 This feature provides for run-time configuration of U-Boot via a flat
27 device tree (fdt). U-Boot configuration has traditionally been done
28 using CONFIG options in the board config file. This feature aims to
29 make it possible for a single U-Boot binary to support multiple boards,
30 with the exact configuration of each board controlled by a flat device
31 tree (fdt). This is the approach recently taken by the ARM Linux kernel
32 and has been used by PowerPC for some time.
34 The fdt is a convenient vehicle for implementing run-time configuration
35 for three reasons. Firstly it is easy to use, being a simple text file.
36 It is extensible since it consists of nodes and properties in a nice
39 Finally, there is already excellent infrastructure for the fdt: a
40 compiler checks the text file and converts it to a compact binary
41 format, and a library is already available in U-Boot (libfdt) for
44 The dts directory contains a Makefile for building the device tree blob
45 and embedding it in your U-Boot image. This is useful since it allows
46 U-Boot to configure itself according to what it finds there. If you have
47 a number of similar boards with different peripherals, you can describe
48 the features of each board in the device tree file, and have a single
51 To enable this feature, add CONFIG_OF_CONTROL to your board config file.
54 What is a Flat Device Tree?
55 ---------------------------
57 An fdt can be specified in source format as a text file. To read about
58 the fdt syntax, take a look at the specification here:
60 https://www.power.org/resources/downloads/Power_ePAPR_APPROVED_v1.0.pdf
62 You also might find this section of the Linux kernel documentation
63 useful: (access this in the Linux kernel source code)
65 Documentation/devicetree/booting-without-of.txt
67 There is also a mailing list:
69 http://lists.ozlabs.org/listinfo/devicetree-discuss
71 In case you are wondering, OF stands for Open Firmware.
77 To use this feature you will need to get the device tree compiler here:
79 git://jdl.com/software/dtc.git
83 $ git clone git://jdl.com/software/dtc.git
88 Then run the compiler (your version will vary):
91 Version: DTC 1.2.0-g2cb4b51f
95 ********** TEST SUMMARY
96 * Total testcases: 1371
99 * Bad configuration: 0
100 * Strange test result: 0
102 You will also find a useful ftdump utility for decoding a binary file.
105 Where do I get an fdt file for my board?
106 ----------------------------------------
108 You may find that the Linux kernel has a suitable file. Look in the
109 kernel source in arch/<arch>/boot/dts.
111 If not you might find other boards with suitable files that you can
112 modify to your needs. Look in the board directories for files with a
115 Failing that, you could write one from scratch yourself!
123 #define CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE "<name>"
125 to set the filename of the device tree source. Then put your device tree
128 board/<vendor>/dts/<name>.dts
130 This should include your CPU or SOC's device tree file, placed in
131 arch/<arch>/dts, and then make any adjustments required. The name of this
132 is CONFIG_ARCH_DEVICE_TREE.dts.
134 If CONFIG_OF_EMBED is defined, then it will be picked up and built into
135 the U-Boot image (including u-boot.bin).
137 If CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE is defined, then it will be built and placed in
138 a u-boot.dtb file alongside u-boot.bin. A common approach is then to
141 cat u-boot.bin u-boot.dtb >image.bin
143 and then flash image.bin onto your board.
145 You cannot use both of these options at the same time.
147 If you wish to put the fdt at a different address in memory, you can
148 define the "fdtcontroladdr" environment variable. This is the hex
149 address of the fdt binary blob, and will override either of the options.
150 Be aware that this environment variable is checked prior to relocation,
151 when only the compiled-in environment is available. Therefore it is not
152 possible to define this variable in the saved SPI/NAND flash
153 environment, for example (it will be ignored).
155 To use this, put something like this in your board header file:
157 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS "fdtcontroladdr=10000\0"
161 After board configuration is done, fdt supported u-boot can be build in two ways:
162 1) build the default dts which is defined from CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE
164 2) build the user specified dts file
165 $ make DEVICE_TREE=<dts-file-name>
171 U-Boot is designed to build with a single architecture type and CPU
172 type. So for example it is not possible to build a single ARM binary
173 which runs on your AT91 and OMAP boards, relying on an fdt to configure
174 the various features. This is because you must select one of
175 the CPU families within arch/arm/cpu/arm926ejs (omap or at91) at build
176 time. Similarly you cannot build for multiple cpu types or
179 That said the complexity reduction by using fdt to support variants of
180 boards which use the same SOC / CPU can be substantial.
182 It is important to understand that the fdt only selects options
183 available in the platform / drivers. It cannot add new drivers (yet). So
184 you must still have the CONFIG option to enable the driver. For example,
185 you need to define CONFIG_SYS_NS16550 to bring in the NS16550 driver,
186 but can use the fdt to specific the UART clock, peripheral address, etc.
187 In very broad terms, the CONFIG options in general control *what* driver
188 files are pulled in, and the fdt controls *how* those files work.
191 Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>