7 This document provides an overview of how to add support for Falcon Mode
10 Falcon Mode is introduced to speed up the booting process, allowing
11 to boot a Linux kernel (or whatever image) without a full blown U-Boot.
13 Falcon Mode relies on the SPL framework. In fact, to make booting faster,
14 U-Boot is split into two parts: the SPL (Secondary Program Loader) and U-Boot
15 image. In most implementations, SPL is used to start U-Boot when booting from
16 a mass storage, such as NAND or SD-Card. SPL has now support for other media,
17 and can generally be seen as a way to start an image performing the minimum
18 required initialization. SPL mainly initializes the RAM controller, and then
19 copies U-Boot image into the memory.
21 The Falcon Mode extends this way allowing to start the Linux kernel directly
22 from SPL. A new command is added to U-Boot to prepare the parameters that SPL
23 must pass to the kernel, using ATAGS or Device Tree.
25 In normal mode, these parameters are generated each time before
26 loading the kernel, passing to Linux the address in memory where
27 the parameters can be read.
28 With Falcon Mode, this snapshot can be saved into persistent storage and SPL is
29 informed to load it before running the kernel.
31 To boot the kernel, these steps under a Falcon-aware U-Boot are required:
33 1. Boot the board into U-Boot.
34 After loading the desired legacy-format kernel image into memory (and DT as
35 well, if used), use the "spl export" command to generate the kernel parameters
36 area or the DT. U-Boot runs as when it boots the kernel, but stops before
37 passing the control to the kernel.
39 2. Save the prepared snapshot into persistent media.
40 The address where to save it must be configured into board configuration
41 file (CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS for NAND).
43 3. Boot the board into Falcon Mode. SPL will load the kernel and copy
44 the parameters which are saved in the persistent area to the required address.
45 If a valid uImage is not found at the defined location, U-Boot will be
48 It is required to implement a custom mechanism to select if SPL loads U-Boot
51 The value of a GPIO is a simple way to operate the selection, as well as
52 reading a character from the SPL console if CONFIG_SPL_CONSOLE is set.
54 Falcon Mode is generally activated by setting CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT. This tells
55 SPL that U-Boot is not the only available image that SPL is able to start.
58 ----------------------------
59 CONFIG_CMD_SPL Enable the "spl export" command.
60 The command "spl export" is then available in U-Boot
62 CONFIG_SYS_SPL_ARGS_ADDR Address in RAM where the parameters must be
64 In most cases, it is <start_of_ram> + 0x100
66 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SPL_KERNEL_OFFS Offset in NAND where the kernel is stored
68 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS Offset in NAND where the parameters area was saved.
70 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_WRITE_SIZE Size of the parameters area to be copied
72 CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT Activate Falcon Mode.
74 Function that a board must implement
75 ------------------------------------
77 void spl_board_prepare_for_linux(void) : optional
78 Called from SPL before starting the kernel
80 spl_start_uboot() : required
81 Returns "0" if SPL should start the kernel, "1" if U-Boot
87 A board may chose to look at the environment for decisions about falcon
88 mode. In this case the following variables may be supported:
90 boot_os : Set to yes/Yes/true/True/1 to enable booting to OS,
91 any other value to fall back to U-Boot (including
93 falcon_args_file : Filename to load as the 'args' portion of falcon mode
94 rather than the hard-coded value.
95 falcon_image_file : Filename to load as the OS image portion of falcon
96 mode rather than the hard-coded value.
101 spl - SPL configuration
105 spl export <img=atags|fdt> [kernel_addr] [initrd_addr] [fdt_addr ]
107 img : "atags" or "fdt"
108 kernel_addr : kernel is loaded as part of the boot process, but it is not started.
109 This is the address where a kernel image is stored.
110 initrd_addr : Address of initial ramdisk
111 can be set to "-" if fdt_addr without initrd_addr is used
112 fdt_addr : in case of fdt, the address of the device tree.
114 The spl export command does not write to a storage media. The user is
115 responsible to transfer the gathered information (assembled ATAGS list
116 or prepared FDT) from temporary storage in RAM into persistant storage
117 after each run of 'spl export'. Unfortunately the position of temporary
118 storage can not be predicted nor provided at commandline, it depends
119 highly on your system setup and your provided data (ATAGS or FDT).
120 However at the end of an succesful 'spl export' run it will print the
121 RAM address of temporary storage.
122 Now the user have to save the generated BLOB from that printed address
123 to the pre-defined address in persistent storage
124 (CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS in case of NAND).
125 The following example shows how to prepare the data for Falcon Mode on
126 twister board with ATAGS BLOB.
128 The "spl export" command is prepared to work with ATAGS and FDT. However,
129 using FDT is at the moment untested. The ppc port (see a3m071 example
130 later) prepares the fdt blob with the fdt command instead.
133 Usage on the twister board:
134 --------------------------------
136 Using mtd names with the following (default) configuration
139 device nand0 <omap2-nand.0>, # parts = 9
140 #: name size offset mask_flags
141 0: MLO 0x00080000 0x00000000 0
142 1: u-boot 0x00100000 0x00080000 0
143 2: env1 0x00040000 0x00180000 0
144 3: env2 0x00040000 0x001c0000 0
145 4: kernel 0x00600000 0x00200000 0
146 5: bootparms 0x00040000 0x00800000 0
147 6: splashimg 0x00200000 0x00840000 0
148 7: mini 0x02800000 0x00a40000 0
149 8: rootfs 0x1cdc0000 0x03240000 0
152 twister => nand read 82000000 kernel
154 NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x600000
155 6291456 bytes read: OK
157 Now the kernel is in RAM at address 0x82000000
159 twister => spl export atags 0x82000000
160 ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 82000000 ...
161 Image Name: Linux-3.5.0-rc4-14089-gda0b7f4
162 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
163 Data Size: 3654808 Bytes = 3.5 MiB
164 Load Address: 80008000
165 Entry Point: 80008000
166 Verifying Checksum ... OK
167 Loading Kernel Image ... OK
169 cmdline subcommand not supported
170 bdt subcommand not supported
171 Argument image is now in RAM at: 0x80000100
173 The result can be checked at address 0x80000100:
175 twister => md 0x80000100
176 80000100: 00000005 54410001 00000000 00000000 ......AT........
177 80000110: 00000000 00000067 54410009 746f6f72 ....g.....ATroot
178 80000120: 65642f3d 666e2f76 77722073 73666e20 =/dev/nfs rw nfs
180 The parameters generated with this step can be saved into NAND at the offset
181 0x800000 (value for twister for CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS)
183 nand erase.part bootparms
184 nand write 0x80000100 bootparms 0x4000
186 Now the parameters are stored into the NAND flash at the address
187 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS (=0x800000).
189 Next time, the board can be started into Falcon Mode moving the
190 setting the gpio (on twister gpio 55 is used) to kernel mode.
192 The kernel is loaded directly by the SPL without passing through U-Boot.
194 Example with FDT: a3m071 board
195 -------------------------------
197 To boot the Linux kernel from the SPL, the DT blob (fdt) needs to get
198 prepard/patched first. U-Boot usually inserts some dynamic values into
199 the DT binary (blob), e.g. autodetected memory size, MAC addresses,
200 clocks speeds etc. To generate this patched DT blob, you can use
201 the following command:
203 1. Load fdt blob to SDRAM:
204 => tftp 1800000 a3m071/a3m071.dtb
206 2. Set bootargs as desired for Linux booting (e.g. flash_mtd):
207 => run mtdargs addip2 addtty
209 3. Use "fdt" commands to patch the DT blob:
214 4. Display patched DT blob (optional):
217 5. Save fdt to NOR flash:
218 => erase fc060000 fc07ffff
219 => cp.b 1800000 fc060000 10000
223 Falcon Mode was presented at the RMLL 2012. Slides are available at:
225 http://schedule2012.rmll.info/IMG/pdf/LSM2012_UbootFalconMode_Babic.pdf