7 This document provides an overview of how to add support for Falcon Mode
10 Falcon Mode is introduced to speed up the booting process, allowing
11 to boot a Linux kernel (or whatever image) without a full blown U-Boot.
13 Falcon Mode relies on the SPL framework. In fact, to make booting faster,
14 U-Boot is split into two parts: the SPL (Secondary Program Loader) and U-Boot
15 image. In most implementations, SPL is used to start U-Boot when booting from
16 a mass storage, such as NAND or SD-Card. SPL has now support for other media,
17 and can generally be seen as a way to start an image performing the minimum
18 required initialization. SPL mainly initializes the RAM controller, and then
19 copies U-Boot image into the memory.
21 The Falcon Mode extends this way allowing to start the Linux kernel directly
22 from SPL. A new command is added to U-Boot to prepare the parameters that SPL
23 must pass to the kernel, using ATAGS or Device Tree.
25 In normal mode, these parameters are generated each time before
26 loading the kernel, passing to Linux the address in memory where
27 the parameters can be read.
28 With Falcon Mode, this snapshot can be saved into persistent storage and SPL is
29 informed to load it before running the kernel.
31 To boot the kernel, these steps under a Falcon-aware U-Boot are required:
33 1. Boot the board into U-Boot.
34 After loading the desired legacy-format kernel image into memory (and DT as
35 well, if used), use the "spl export" command to generate the kernel parameters
36 area or the DT. U-Boot runs as when it boots the kernel, but stops before
37 passing the control to the kernel.
39 2. Save the prepared snapshot into persistent media.
40 The address where to save it must be configured into board configuration
41 file (CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS for NAND).
43 3. Boot the board into Falcon Mode. SPL will load the kernel and copy
44 the parameters which are saved in the persistent area to the required address.
45 If a valid uImage is not found at the defined location, U-Boot will be
48 It is required to implement a custom mechanism to select if SPL loads U-Boot
51 The value of a GPIO is a simple way to operate the selection, as well as
52 reading a character from the SPL console if CONFIG_SPL_CONSOLE is set.
54 Falcon Mode is generally activated by setting CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT. This tells
55 SPL that U-Boot is not the only available image that SPL is able to start.
58 ----------------------------
59 CONFIG_CMD_SPL Enable the "spl export" command.
60 The command "spl export" is then available in U-Boot
62 CONFIG_SYS_SPL_ARGS_ADDR Address in RAM where the parameters must be
64 In most cases, it is <start_of_ram> + 0x100
66 CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SPL_KERNEL_OFFS Offset in NAND where the kernel is stored
68 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS Offset in NAND where the parameters area was saved.
70 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NOR_OFS Offset in NOR where the parameters area was saved.
72 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_WRITE_SIZE Size of the parameters area to be copied
74 CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT Activate Falcon Mode.
76 Function that a board must implement
77 ------------------------------------
79 void spl_board_prepare_for_linux(void) : optional
80 Called from SPL before starting the kernel
82 spl_start_uboot() : required
83 Returns "0" if SPL should start the kernel, "1" if U-Boot
89 A board may chose to look at the environment for decisions about falcon
90 mode. In this case the following variables may be supported:
92 boot_os : Set to yes/Yes/true/True/1 to enable booting to OS,
93 any other value to fall back to U-Boot (including
95 falcon_args_file : Filename to load as the 'args' portion of falcon mode
96 rather than the hard-coded value.
97 falcon_image_file : Filename to load as the OS image portion of falcon
98 mode rather than the hard-coded value.
103 spl - SPL configuration
107 spl export <img=atags|fdt> [kernel_addr] [initrd_addr] [fdt_addr ]
109 img : "atags" or "fdt"
110 kernel_addr : kernel is loaded as part of the boot process, but it is not started.
111 This is the address where a kernel image is stored.
112 initrd_addr : Address of initial ramdisk
113 can be set to "-" if fdt_addr without initrd_addr is used
114 fdt_addr : in case of fdt, the address of the device tree.
116 The spl export command does not write to a storage media. The user is
117 responsible to transfer the gathered information (assembled ATAGS list
118 or prepared FDT) from temporary storage in RAM into persistant storage
119 after each run of 'spl export'. Unfortunately the position of temporary
120 storage can not be predicted nor provided at commandline, it depends
121 highly on your system setup and your provided data (ATAGS or FDT).
122 However at the end of an succesful 'spl export' run it will print the
123 RAM address of temporary storage. The RAM address of FDT will also be
124 set in the environment variable 'fdtargsaddr', the new length of the
125 prepared FDT will be set in the environment variable 'fdtargslen'.
126 These environment variables can be used in scripts for writing updated
127 FDT to persistent storage.
129 Now the user have to save the generated BLOB from that printed address
130 to the pre-defined address in persistent storage
131 (CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS in case of NAND).
132 The following example shows how to prepare the data for Falcon Mode on
133 twister board with ATAGS BLOB.
135 The "spl export" command is prepared to work with ATAGS and FDT. However,
136 using FDT is at the moment untested. The ppc port (see a3m071 example
137 later) prepares the fdt blob with the fdt command instead.
140 Usage on the twister board:
141 --------------------------------
143 Using mtd names with the following (default) configuration
146 device nand0 <omap2-nand.0>, # parts = 9
147 #: name size offset mask_flags
148 0: MLO 0x00080000 0x00000000 0
149 1: u-boot 0x00100000 0x00080000 0
150 2: env1 0x00040000 0x00180000 0
151 3: env2 0x00040000 0x001c0000 0
152 4: kernel 0x00600000 0x00200000 0
153 5: bootparms 0x00040000 0x00800000 0
154 6: splashimg 0x00200000 0x00840000 0
155 7: mini 0x02800000 0x00a40000 0
156 8: rootfs 0x1cdc0000 0x03240000 0
159 twister => nand read 82000000 kernel
161 NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x600000
162 6291456 bytes read: OK
164 Now the kernel is in RAM at address 0x82000000
166 twister => spl export atags 0x82000000
167 ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 82000000 ...
168 Image Name: Linux-3.5.0-rc4-14089-gda0b7f4
169 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
170 Data Size: 3654808 Bytes = 3.5 MiB
171 Load Address: 80008000
172 Entry Point: 80008000
173 Verifying Checksum ... OK
174 Loading Kernel Image ... OK
176 cmdline subcommand not supported
177 bdt subcommand not supported
178 Argument image is now in RAM at: 0x80000100
180 The result can be checked at address 0x80000100:
182 twister => md 0x80000100
183 80000100: 00000005 54410001 00000000 00000000 ......AT........
184 80000110: 00000000 00000067 54410009 746f6f72 ....g.....ATroot
185 80000120: 65642f3d 666e2f76 77722073 73666e20 =/dev/nfs rw nfs
187 The parameters generated with this step can be saved into NAND at the offset
188 0x800000 (value for twister for CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS)
190 nand erase.part bootparms
191 nand write 0x80000100 bootparms 0x4000
193 Now the parameters are stored into the NAND flash at the address
194 CONFIG_CMD_SPL_NAND_OFS (=0x800000).
196 Next time, the board can be started into Falcon Mode moving the
197 setting the gpio (on twister gpio 55 is used) to kernel mode.
199 The kernel is loaded directly by the SPL without passing through U-Boot.
201 Example with FDT: a3m071 board
202 -------------------------------
204 To boot the Linux kernel from the SPL, the DT blob (fdt) needs to get
205 prepard/patched first. U-Boot usually inserts some dynamic values into
206 the DT binary (blob), e.g. autodetected memory size, MAC addresses,
207 clocks speeds etc. To generate this patched DT blob, you can use
208 the following command:
210 1. Load fdt blob to SDRAM:
211 => tftp 1800000 a3m071/a3m071.dtb
213 2. Set bootargs as desired for Linux booting (e.g. flash_mtd):
214 => run mtdargs addip2 addtty
216 3. Use "fdt" commands to patch the DT blob:
221 4. Display patched DT blob (optional):
224 5. Save fdt to NOR flash:
225 => erase fc060000 fc07ffff
226 => cp.b 1800000 fc060000 10000
230 Falcon Mode was presented at the RMLL 2012. Slides are available at:
232 http://schedule2012.rmll.info/IMG/pdf/LSM2012_UbootFalconMode_Babic.pdf