2 # Copyright (C) 2015 Google, Inc
4 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
7 =========== Table of Contents ===========
10 1.1 In God's Name, Why?
12 1.3 Build Instructions
21 1.12 Where is the code?
24 2.1 In God's Name, Why?
31 This document provides information about U-Boot running on top of EFI, either
32 as an application or just as a means of getting U-Boot onto a new platform.
37 This is useful in several situations:
39 - You have EFI running on a board but U-Boot does not natively support it
40 fully yet. You can boot into U-Boot from EFI and use that until U-Boot is
43 - You need to use an EFI implementation (e.g. UEFI) because your vendor
44 requires it in order to provide support
46 - You plan to use coreboot to boot into U-Boot but coreboot support does
47 not currently exist for your platform. In the meantime you can use U-Boot
48 on EFI and then move to U-Boot on coreboot when ready
50 - You use EFI but want to experiment with a simpler alternative like U-Boot
55 Only x86 is supported at present. If you are using EFI on another architecture
56 you may want to reconsider. However, much of the code is generic so could be
59 U-Boot supports running as an EFI application for 32-bit EFI only. This is
60 not very useful since only a serial port is provided. You can look around at
61 memory and type 'help' but that is about it.
63 More usefully, U-Boot supports building itself as a payload for either 32-bit
64 or 64-bit EFI. U-Boot is packaged up and loaded in its entirety by EFI. Once
65 started, U-Boot changes to 32-bit mode (currently) and takes over the
66 machine. You can use devices, boot a kernel, etc.
71 First choose a board that has EFI support and obtain an EFI implementation
72 for that board. It will be either 32-bit or 64-bit. Alternatively, you can
73 opt for using QEMU [1] and the OVMF [2], as detailed below.
75 To build U-Boot as an EFI application (32-bit EFI required), enable CONFIG_EFI
76 and CONFIG_EFI_APP. The efi-x86 config (efi-x86_defconfig) is set up for this.
77 Just build U-Boot as normal, e.g.
79 make efi-x86_defconfig
82 To build U-Boot as an EFI payload (32-bit or 64-bit EFI can be used), adjust an
83 existing config (like qemu-x86_defconfig) to enable CONFIG_EFI, CONFIG_EFI_STUB
84 and either CONFIG_EFI_STUB_32BIT or CONFIG_EFI_STUB_64BIT. All of these are
85 boolean Kconfig options. Then build U-Boot as normal, e.g.
87 make qemu-x86_defconfig
90 You will end up with one of these files depending on what you build for:
92 u-boot-app.efi - U-Boot EFI application
93 u-boot-payload.efi - U-Boot EFI payload application
98 QEMU is an emulator and it can emulate an x86 machine. Please make sure your
99 QEMU version is 2.3.0 or above to test this. You can run the payload with
103 cp /path/to/u-boot*.efi /tmp/efi
104 qemu-system-x86_64 -bios bios.bin -hda fat:/tmp/efi/
106 Add -nographic if you want to use the terminal for output. Once it starts
107 type 'fs0:u-boot-payload.efi' to run the payload or 'fs0:u-boot-app.efi' to
108 run the application. 'bios.bin' is the EFI 'BIOS'. Check [2] to obtain a
109 prebuilt EFI BIOS for QEMU or you can build one from source as well.
111 To try it on real hardware, put u-boot-app.efi on a suitable boot medium,
112 such as a USB stick. Then you can type something like this to start it:
114 fs0:u-boot-payload.efi
116 (or fs0:u-boot-app.efi for the application)
118 This will start the payload, copy U-Boot into RAM and start U-Boot. Note
119 that EFI does not support booting a 64-bit application from a 32-bit
120 EFI (or vice versa). Also it will often fail to print an error message if
126 Here follow a few implementation notes for those who want to fiddle with
127 this and perhaps contribute patches.
129 The application and payload approaches sound similar but are in fact
130 implemented completely differently.
134 For the application the whole of U-Boot is built as a shared library. The
135 efi_main() function is in lib/efi/efi_app.c. It sets up some basic EFI
136 functions with efi_init(), sets up U-Boot global_data, allocates memory for
137 U-Boot's malloc(), etc. and enters the normal init sequence (board_init_f()
140 Since U-Boot limits its memory access to the allocated regions very little
141 special code is needed. The CONFIG_EFI_APP option controls a few things
142 that need to change so 'git grep CONFIG_EFI_APP' may be instructive.
143 The CONFIG_EFI option controls more general EFI adjustments.
145 The only available driver is the serial driver. This calls back into EFI
146 'boot services' to send and receive characters. Although it is implemented
147 as a serial driver the console device is not necessarilly serial. If you
148 boot EFI with video output then the 'serial' device will operate on your
149 target devices's display instead and the device's USB keyboard will also
150 work if connected. If you have both serial and video output, then both
151 consoles will be active. Even though U-Boot does the same thing normally,
152 These are features of EFI, not U-Boot.
154 Very little code is involved in implementing the EFI application feature.
155 U-Boot is highly portable. Most of the difficulty is in modifying the
156 Makefile settings to pass the right build flags. In particular there is very
157 little x86-specific code involved - you can find most of it in
158 arch/x86/cpu. Porting to ARM (which can also use EFI if you are brave
159 enough) should be straightforward.
161 Use the 'reset' command to get back to EFI.
165 The payload approach is a different kettle of fish. It works by building
166 U-Boot exactly as normal for your target board, then adding the entire
167 image (including device tree) into a small EFI stub application responsible
168 for booting it. The stub application is built as a normal EFI application
169 except that it has a lot of data attached to it.
171 The stub application is implemented in lib/efi/efi_stub.c. The efi_main()
172 function is called by EFI. It is responsible for copying U-Boot from its
173 original location into memory, disabling EFI boot services and starting
174 U-Boot. U-Boot then starts as normal, relocates, starts all drivers, etc.
176 The stub application is architecture-dependent. At present it has some
177 x86-specific code and a comment at the top of efi_stub.c describes this.
179 While the stub application does allocate some memory from EFI this is not
180 used by U-Boot (the payload). In fact when U-Boot starts it has all of the
181 memory available to it and can operate as it pleases (but see the next
186 The payload can pass information to U-Boot in the form of EFI tables. At
187 present this feature is used to pass the EFI memory map, an inordinately
188 large list of memory regions. You can use the 'efi mem all' command to
189 display this list. U-Boot uses the list to work out where to relocate
192 Although U-Boot can use any memory it likes, EFI marks some memory as used
193 by 'run-time services', code that hangs around while U-Boot is running and
194 is even present when Linux is running. This is common on x86 and provides
195 a way for Linux to call back into the firmware to control things like CPU
196 fan speed. U-Boot uses only 'conventional' memory, in EFI terminology. It
197 will relocate itself to the top of the largest block of memory it can find
202 U-Boot drivers typically don't use interrupts. Since EFI enables interrupts
203 it is possible that an interrupt will fire that U-Boot cannot handle. This
204 seems to cause problems. For this reason the U-Boot payload runs with
205 interrupts disabled at present.
209 While the EFI application can in principle be built as either 32- or 64-bit,
210 only 32-bit is currently supported. This means that the application can only
211 be used with 32-bit EFI.
213 The payload stub can be build as either 32- or 64-bits. Only a small amount
214 of code is built this way (see the extra- line in lib/efi/Makefile).
215 Everything else is built as a normal U-Boot, so is always 32-bit on x86 at
220 This work could be extended in a number of ways:
222 - Add a generic x86 EFI payload configuration. At present you need to modify
223 an existing one, but mostly the low-level x86 code is disabled when booting
224 on EFI anyway, so a generic 'EFI' board could be created with a suitable set
229 - Add 64-bit application support
231 - Figure out how to solve the interrupt problem
233 - Add more drivers to the application side (e.g. video, block devices, USB,
234 environment access). This would mostly be an academic exercise as a strong
235 use case is not readily apparent, but it might be fun.
237 - Avoid turning off boot services in the stub. Instead allow U-Boot to make
238 use of boot services in case it wants to. It is unclear what it might want
244 payload stub, application, support code. Mostly arch-neutral
247 helper functions for the fake DRAM init, etc. These can be used by
248 any board that runs as a payload.
251 x86 support code for running as an EFI application
253 board/efi/efi-x86/efi.c
254 x86 board code for running as an EFI application
260 Ben Stoltz, Simon Glass
264 [1] http://www.qemu.org
265 [2] http://www.tianocore.org/ovmf/
267 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
272 In addition to support for running U-Boot as a UEFI application, U-Boot itself
273 can also expose the UEFI interfaces and thus allow UEFI payloads to run under
279 With this support in place, you can run any UEFI payload (such as the Linux
280 kernel, grub2 or gummiboot) on U-Boot. This dramatically simplifies boot loader
281 configuration, as U-Boot based systems now look and feel (almost) the same way
282 as TianoCore based systems.
287 EFI support for 32bit ARM and AArch64 is already included in U-Boot. All you
293 in your .config file and you will automatically get a bootefi command to run
294 an efi application as well as snippet in the default distro boot script that
295 scans for removable media efi binaries as fallback.
300 I am successfully able to run grub2 and Linux EFI binaries with this code on
301 ARMv7 as well as AArch64 systems.
303 When enabled, the resulting U-Boot binary only grows by ~10KB, so it's very
306 All storage devices are directly accessible from the uEFI payload
308 Removable media booting (search for /efi/boot/boota{a64,arm}.efi) is supported.
310 Simple use cases like "Plug this SD card into my ARM device and it just
311 boots into grub which boots into Linux", work very well.
316 Of course, there are still a few things one could do on top:
318 - Improve disk media detection (don't scan, use what information we
320 - Add EFI variable support using NVRAM
322 - Make EFI Shell work
323 - Network device support
324 - Support for payload exit
325 - Payload Watchdog support